Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences最新文献

Introduction: A legal exception to the principle of equal health rights, discriminatory subsidies often pose an ethical dilemma in the field of application.

Aim: To analyze discriminatory subsidies for healthcare in the light of the ethical principle of justice and to propose alternatives to any inherent legal and ethical conflicts.

Method: This was a qualitative, descriptive and analytical study based on semi-structured interviews with caregivers.

Results: Participants felt that the application of discriminatory subsidies has a negative impact on substantial distributive justice. The infringements of the award conditions were exclusively for the benefit of the patients concerned. Their impact was considered positive on distributive justice and negative on formal justice.

Discussion: Discriminatory care subsidies generally stem from a legal requirement whose application should not be ambiguous. It is apparent that the infringements of the conditions for attribution were in favour of substantial distributive justice. This opposition is a potential source of decision-making difficulties for caregivers who often choose to violate conditions for the benefit of their indigent patients. There are therefore violations of ethically understandable standards, which must be admitted. This could be done through the provision of exceptions for the application of standards for ”noble causes” and conscientious objection clauses in health policy texts.

Conclusion: The legitimacy of health policy norms is essential for their effective application, hence the interest of taking distributive justice into account in the genesis of formal norms.

The present contribution aims to provide an overview of the role attributed to digitalization in relation to the EU Farm to Fork Strategy. The Strategy represents the set of instruments that the European Commission identified to achieve a European Union sustainable food system, and the role attributed to digitalization is pivotal, as the main overall instrument to boost sustainability. Based on the existing literature on the specific subject matter, the authors attempt to provide an analysis of the document looking for specific references to digitalization and highlighting possible emerging related ethical issues with the aim of initiating the discourse for further research on possible legal solutions.

With the emergence of innovations and technological advancements – exemplified by telemedicine and more recently by the extremely rapid development of Generative Artificial Intelligence systems (Gen AI) like Large Language Models (LLM) such as ChatGPT – we are witnessing a progressive transformation of ancient Hippocratic medicine and the physician-patient relationship. These healthcare Gen AI, which carry inherently stakes, risks, opportunities, hopes, and concerns, justify an increased and reinforced ethical vigilance. These digital applications, multiplying, diversifying, and improving their performance day by day, tend to reshape the role and practices of healthcare professionals in their analytical and decision-making medical process.The digitalization of medicine will inevitably encourage physicians to undergo specific training and acquire new competences in new technologies so that they can learn to navigate better in this new ecosystem of knowledge and practices while preserving their medical expertise, skills, and critical thinking. Therefore, faced with the inevitable arrival of Gen AI in medicine, this article aims to question how we can approach and use this technological tool within an evolving ethical framework to maintain a quality healthcare service for users.

The widespread use of teleworking during the health crisis reduced the flow of occupational accident claims by 20%. This applies to commuting accidents, as well as claims related to « immediate » or “deferred” risks (Rapp. annuel 2020 de l’Assurance maladie - Risques professionnels : Eléments statistiques et financiers, déc. 2021, p. 2 and 113). On the basis of these figures, working at home could be analyzed as a means of preventing occupational risks and improving workers’ health. In reality, however, these figures should not obscure the fact that telecommuting is a major occupational hazard. This is all the more the case given that, while telecommuting was not very widespread before the pandemic, it is now popular with employees and is being developed by many companies as a source of productivity (Rapp. CNP, May 16 2022). We therefore need to keep a close eye on the development of workplace accident legislation in this area, its adaptability to the specific claims experience of teleworkers and its perfectibility, not forgetting the thorny question of the possible recognition of the employer’s inexcusable fault in the event of the accident being covered by professional legislation.

As early as 1926, Fritz Jahr suggested the broadening of Kant’s Categorical Imperative onto all living beings. And while, at that time, Jahr’s animal ethics could have been built upon Ignaz Bregenzer and other scientifically accepted sources, Jahr’s ideas on plant ethics must have relied only on more poetical and philosophical conjectures, like the ones by Richard Wagner, Hans Christian Andersen, or Eduard von Hartmann. Today, we have accummulated certain knowledge about plant physiology, proving the complexity of plant cognition and feeling. Ten years ago, the “Rheinauer Theses on the Rights of Plants” once again provoked discussion, eventually supported by Monica Gagliano, Stefano Mancuso, and other biologists advocating the redefinition of human relation toward plants. In the present paper, we intend to review those arguments, but also to examine whether our ethics should be based upon our knowledge only.

In a first part, this article shows the characteristics of Mexican society and their opinion on abortion. The second part develops the legal evolution of the decriminalization of abortion in Mexico and with the data, gives elements that can answer the main question.

The article discusses the impact of the digitalisation of politics on the place of bodies in the political and social life of liberal democracies. The author intends to show that the promise of the disappearance of bodies from the public space has only been partially fulfilled, and that ’surveillance capitalism’ has instead given new vigour to new forms of mobilisation characterised by the instrumentation of bodies for political purposes.