Journal of applied animal ethics research最新文献

{"title":"About the Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.22","url":null,"abstract":"Other| October 01 2023 About the Authors Journal of Animal Ethics (2023) 13 (2): 229–232. https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.22 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation About the Authors. Journal of Animal Ethics 1 October 2023; 13 (2): 229–232. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.22 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of Animal Ethics Search Advanced Search MARIS BECK is a doctoral candidate in the Faculty of Science, School of Geosciences at the University of Sydney in Australia. She has professional experience as a corporate consultant and company director. Her qualifications include a master's in international politics (University of Melbourne), awarded with dean's honors; a diploma of government investigations (Australian Security Academy); and the foundations of directorship (Australian Institute of Company Directors). Research interests include: business-based approaches to animal studies and racehorse welfare. Email: maris.beck@sydney.edu.auLAUREN BESTWICK recently gained her BA in history from Worcester College, University of Oxford. She is an alumnus of the Oxford University Society for Animal Ethics. Research interests include: early modern Britain and Europe. Email: lbestwick8001@gmail.comCINI BRETZLAFF-HOLSTEIN is a professor of social work and director of the online BSW program at Trinity Christian College in Palos Heights, Illinois, and a licensed social worker in the state of Illinois. Bretzlaff-Holstein is a... You do not currently have access to this content.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Art, Ethics and the Human-Animal Relationship","authors":"Keri Cronin","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"This work is a welcome addition to the growing list of scholarly books that take seriously the ways that representations of nonhuman animals have significant and important implications when it comes to larger issues around the treatment of the other animals we share the planet with. One of the many strengths of this book is that it offers concrete and detailed examples of ways that art historians can critically engage with these issues, looking beyond the obvious and expected methodologies and examples.A second and equally important strength is Johnson's acknowledgment of the many ways that animal bodies have a direct material connection to art history. Pigments, materials, adhesives, and the very surface upon which many images appear frequently include “ingredients” derived from animal bodies. Johnson's discussion of William Merritt Chase's 19th-century paintings of fish, for instance, is exemplary because woven into the analysis of the pictures is a stark reminder of how glazes and glues used in art have long been derived from the bodies of fish. As I have written elsewhere, art history is animal history, and yet you would be forgiven for not knowing this based on the majority of writing about art. Johnson's work here is a notable example of how we must consider these types of material aspects of art in any analysis that aims to think critically about the representation of animals.The representation of animals in art, of course, has a long and complex history. One need not look too long through art history survey textbooks to find depictions of nonhuman animals. And yet, until very recently, critical discussions about the ethics of representing these beings have been largely absent from the discipline of art history. Art, as Johnson argues, can tell us much about the dominant ways of thinking about nonhuman animals in a given time or place. Johnson's analysis also makes clear the slippery nature of meaning when it comes to art and art history. As she writes, images that once were considered “merely representational” can now be understood as “morally instrumental” (p. 2) when viewed through a lens that does not take for granted the presence of nonhuman animals in art.The climate emergency and COVID-19 pandemic have underscored how urgent it is to critically examine our relationships with other species. Some may question how exploring art from previous centuries can contribute to this important work in the present. What, in other words, is the relevance of a painting from the 17th or 18th century in our contemporary context? The answer to this question is one of Johnson's key points, namely that in many cases, the legacy of previous ways of representing and thinking about nonhuman animals remains firmly entrenched today. In other words, to change the way we interact with animals in the present requires us to be diligent in tracing the roots of these dominant ideologies as they have grown up through such entities as religious doctrines, philosophy","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136204144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kiska: In Memoriam","authors":"","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Editorial| October 01 2023 Kiska: In Memoriam Journal of Animal Ethics (2023) 13 (2): v–vi. https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.01 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Kiska: In Memoriam. Journal of Animal Ethics 1 October 2023; 13 (2): v–vi. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.01 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of Animal Ethics Search Advanced Search On March 10, 2023, MarineLand Canada announced the death of Kiska the orca. She was the last orca held captive in Canada. Referred to as the “world's loneliest orca” Kiska had lived alone in her tank for the last 12 years after more than 4 decades in captivity. She was captured in 1979 in the North Atlantic Ocean. During 40 years of captivity, she had birthed five calves, none of whom survived. She died of a bacterial infection at the estimated age of 47 (Trethewey, 2023).Orcas are highly intelligent, socially complex, autonomous animals who possess large, elaborate brains. Scientific evidence has shown “unequivocally that flourishing is impossible for cetaceans [whales and dolphins] in captivity. Cetacean nature and captivity are fundamentally incompatible” (Marino, 2018, p. 208). Video footage of Kiska revealed the zoochosis behavior induced by captivity as “repetitive and lethargic. When not swimming in slow circles or... You do not currently have access to this content.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red Gold: The Managed Extinction of the Giant Bluefin Tuna","authors":"Rebecca Jenkins","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"On its face, Telesca's nonfiction work on tuna extinction has little in common with Alan Furst's novel of the same name. How could a nonfiction book concerning the extinction of the great bluefin tuna have anything in common with a fictional story of a corrupt and shadowy underworld during the French Resistance? However, upon closer examination, Telesca's exploration into the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) uncovers some shared themes: secrecy and lack of transparency, internationalism, greed, law, injustice, inequality, morality, and ethics. Telesca's book sadly deals with facts and not fiction.Bluefin tuna are known as “red gold” as a result of the exorbitant price their ruby-colored flesh is traded for in the sushi economy. The bluefin is not a typical fish in that she is warm-blooded. That's why her meat is red. Just one bluefin tuna from the Pacific sold for a record of US$3.1 million at Tokyo's Tsukiji marketplace in January 2019 (Telesca, 2021, p. 10). But as Telesca emphasizes, she is much more than a commodity. Bluefin are the largest tunas and can live up to 40 years. They migrate across all oceans and can dive deeper than 3,000 feet. We now know, because of modern scientific research, that it is extremely likely that they are more like us than we once thought—sentient creatures who experience pain, suffering, and pleasure in ways similar to other animals, like us. As the late Professor Victoria Braithwaite (2010) wrote: “I have argued that there is as much evidence that fish feel pain and suffer as there is for birds and mammals—and more than there is for human neonates and preterm babies” (p. 153). And yet, the bluefin tuna's commodification, slaughter, and species journey toward extinction continues today.Red Gold is a dense but worthwhile read that explores the history and current status of the bluefin tuna trade, the limits of environmental activism in this area, the mistakes of fisheries science, and a confrontation of the sixth extinction we are currently living in. Telesca makes the case that despite the endangered status of this tuna, the ICCAT has not failed its institutional mission, but rather it is succeeding in its mission under international law. Its mission is not the preservation or conservation of aquatic animals but rather to maximize fishing in order to grow national economies. Telesca posits that in order to address this issue, we need more than just institutional reform alone, such as a more holistic reform of the dominant attitudes toward fishing in our cultures.Despite stringent restrictions on journalists’ access to ICCAT talks, ICCAT accredited the Institute for Public Knowledge at New York University to become an observer in 2010. In this capacity, the author spent three years attending various ICCAT meetings and another two years interviewing some 40 ICCAT representatives. Archival materials and news media accounts supplemented hard-to-get data based on first-person, on-","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Game: Animals, Video Games, and Humanity","authors":"Randy Malamud","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"Tom Tyler opens his quirkily engaging book discussing how a (relatively) ancient video game, Nintendo's 1984 Duck Hunt, provided gamers with “a pleasant emulation, at one remove or more, of the pleasures to be had shooting animals” (p. 1). It has always been difficult for me to understand the pleasures of shooting actual living animals, and I have similar (though less intense) feelings about shooting digital animals (including human animals). If it's probably not as bad as actually killing living creatures, still . . . why do it? Doesn't the gamed simulation somehow glorify or reify the literal violence it apes? Does it cultivate a taste for shooting, maiming, murdering? Or might it, as some believe, perhaps provide a release-hatch, satisfying that base desire without actually massacring living creatures, proving a harmless outlet for the male human need to show his own skill and acuity by opening fire on living targets and destroying as many of them as possible? But in any case, isn't there something more constructive we could all be doing with our time and media?I began reading Game: Animals, Video Games, and Humanity in a mood of cranky resistance to its premise that video games embodied some salient and worthy fields for anthrozoological exploration. But I also had a lurking suspicion that Tyler would surprise and seduce me as he did in his previous monograph Ciferae: A Bestiary in Five Fingers (University of Minnesota Press, 2012), where his rich multidisciplinary discussions undergirded a dazzling investigation of humans, other animals, hands (which humans do not have a monopoly on!), and the history of consciousness predicated—until Tyler gets his deconstructive chops into it—upon exceptionalist human supremacy shining against a dim backdrop of negligible, marginalized animality.And indeed, after an opening gambit leaves the reader spattered with the figurative viscera of dead ducks, Tyler launches into a baker's dozen of essays, mostly previously published individually and effectively woven together here, examining “some of the complex ways in which players of video games have been invited to encounter, understand, and engage animals” (p. 3). OK, I'm game. Game on.Game explores how the digital discourse at hand has “articulated or elided differences between individual animals, or between species or entire classes of animal” (p. 3). How are the featured animals presented? How are they contextualized as quarry/objects/resources? And crucially, Tyler asks, returning to his interest from Ciferae of interspecies contiguities and constructed disruptions, “how have games imagined, addressed or suppressed the differences and similarities that are supposed to pertain between animals and human beings?” (p. 3).The clever video games are created by clever human designers for clever human consumers. But Tyler wonders, subversively, whether other animals might help us humans understand how to play the games—“the conditions that qualify as winning or lo","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wagner's Animal Ethics and Its Debt to Schopenhauer","authors":"Laura Langone","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Richard Wagner's animal ethics is an underresearched issue within Wagner scholarship. In this article, I aim to fill this gap. In particular, I will demonstrate that, by drawing on Schopenhauer's philosophy, Wagner indicated a path to elaborate an animal ethics. First, I will reconstruct Schopenhauer's animal ethics, showing how it was deeply imbued with tenets of Brahmanism and Buddhism. Second, I will deal with Wagner's animal ethics, illustrating its indebtedness to Schopenhauer.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Was fehlt uns, wenn uns die Tiere fehlen? Eine theologische Spurensuche</i> [What Do We Lack When We Lack Animals? A Theological Search for Traces]","authors":"Kurt Remele","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability Policy and the Stage of Divine Play: Hindu Philosophy at the Nexus of Animal Welfare, Environment, and Sustainable Development","authors":"Wolf Gordon Clifton","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract International policy frameworks can influence values and ideals by promoting a common conception of societal good, a domain overlapping with the traditional concerns of religion. Animal welfare has begun to receive attention in the UN environmental and sustainable development policy. This article explores the potential for Hindu religious communities and organizations to contribute to the creation and implementation of policy on animal welfare and the environment. The article centers on a discussion of the UN Environment Assembly's March 2022 resolution on the Animal Welfare—Environment—Sustainable Development Nexus and the traditional Hindu concepts of līlā (divine play), ahiṃsā (harmlessness), and sevā (service).","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Veganism as Quiet Resistance","authors":"Nancy M. Williams","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, I will argue that ethical veganism can be understood as a form of quietism, as a quiet retreat from a world burdened by human moral failings and animal suffering. I will also show how this retreat, although quiet in nature, is both a legitimate and valuable form of genuine resistance to animal oppression. Positing ethical veganism as a form of sociopolitical resistance to animal exploitation is not new, but thinking of it as a quietist retreat and a legitimate and valuable form of quiet resistance is a different matter.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136204147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unnatural Companions: Rethinking Our Love of Pets in an Age of Wildlife Extinction","authors":"Joan E. Schaffner","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"In Unnatural Companions: Rethinking Our Love of Pets in an Age of Wildlife Extinction, Peter Christie, an award-winning science journalist, blames “pets” and the “pet industry” for replacing the role of nature in human experience and devastating free-living animal populations and attributes this to our misplaced biophilia. Christie explains that “biophilia,” popularized by Edward O. Wilson, “is the innately emotional affiliation of human beings to other living organisms” (p. 16). Wilson believed that biophilia would be the foundation for our interest in and desire to protect nature. However, instead of protecting nature, humans found another outlet for our biophilia—companion animals. Noting that the number of dogs and cats in the United States has doubled in the past 50 years while the number of free-ranging backboned creatures has halved, Christie details how our love of companion animals is contributing to the greatest environmental crisis faced by the global ecosystem. For Christie, the irony is that “pet owners”—the very folks destroying the planet—are the same folks who tend to care about animals and thus are the people the planet needs to save it. Thus, the need for Unnatural Companions—to create awareness about how companion animal keeping is threatening free-living animals vital to our planet and place a call to action for companion keepers to step up for nature.Christie's background as a conservationist is evident throughout as he makes clear that what is truly valuable is nature—viewed at the species level, not at an individual animal—and that we must end our fascination with “pets” who are destroying it. Each chapter details the destruction companion animals have on nature through interviews with a variety of individuals, from Peter Marra, a conservation scientist described as an animal lover while arguing for the eradication of all free-roaming cats in his book Cat Wars, to Tom Rahill, a contractor hired to kill Burmese pythons in the Florida Everglades.Chapter 3, “Cat War Battles,” begins with the familiar conservationist story that pits cats against birds. Christie recounts as “science” Marra's oft-cited estimates of the billions of birds and small mammals allegedly killed by cats annually in the United States to support the eradication of all free-roaming cats while characterizing those who challenge these estimates and seek humane, nonlethal methods for managing the free-roaming cat population as an “organized misinformation campaign that's influencing conservation policy . . . [and] undermining efforts to stop the devastation. . . . [P]ro-cat people have discovered an endless well of faith in their cause . . . as a tool they pit against science” (p. 63). Further, Christie notes that even “man's best friend” holds “the number three spot after cats and rodents as the world's most damaging invasive mammalian predators” (p. 58). It is disappointing that Christie opens, uncritically, with the age-old cat versus bird battle and demoni","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}