Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1163/25889567-22040201
T. Engle
{"title":"Measuring and Understanding Animal Welfare and Related Ethical Issues in Livestock Systems","authors":"T. Engle","doi":"10.1163/25889567-22040201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25889567-22040201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87328755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.1163/25889567-bja10031
T. Grandin
The author has worked in the cattle industry for fifty years. In the 1970’s, cattle handling was terrible and today it has greatly improved. During the last fifteen years, there have been increasing problems with lameness, heat stress, and heart failure in fed beef cattle. These problems slowly increased and people did not notice them until they became really serious. I called this bad becoming normal. The increase is these welfare issues is partially related to increased genetic selection for more muscle and weight gain. Other factors may be muddy pens, a lack of roughage in the ration, heavier cattle at a younger age, or overuse of growth promotants. These practices may overload the animal’s biology and make it dysfunctional. There is a significant minority of producers who push cattle for maximum production, which is detrimental to animal welfare.
{"title":"Bad Becoming Normal is Detrimental to Beef Cattle Welfare","authors":"T. Grandin","doi":"10.1163/25889567-bja10031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25889567-bja10031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The author has worked in the cattle industry for fifty years. In the 1970’s, cattle handling was terrible and today it has greatly improved. During the last fifteen years, there have been increasing problems with lameness, heat stress, and heart failure in fed beef cattle. These problems slowly increased and people did not notice them until they became really serious. I called this bad becoming normal. The increase is these welfare issues is partially related to increased genetic selection for more muscle and weight gain. Other factors may be muddy pens, a lack of roughage in the ration, heavier cattle at a younger age, or overuse of growth promotants. These practices may overload the animal’s biology and make it dysfunctional. There is a significant minority of producers who push cattle for maximum production, which is detrimental to animal welfare.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73405805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.1163/25889567-bja10030
L. Edwards-Callaway, S. Mijares, Hailey Simpson, M. Cramer, I. N. Román-Muñiz, L. Stallones
Stunning livestock (rendering them unconscious) is a necessary component of initiating humane slaughter, thus it is important to provide support to individuals performing this job. The objective of this study was to identify worker perspectives, training methods, and resources available to workers performing stunning. An online survey was distributed to industry association listservs or direct emails of slaughter plants in the United States of America. An additional survey was administered at an industry conference to increase participation. Twenty respondents completed the slaughter survey. Respondents were commonly trained using an in-person, in-house trainer. Respondents indicated feeling confident in performing stunning after training (18, 90%) and that “stunning animals has become easier the more times they did it” (17, 85%). Only 2 (10%) respondents said there were aware of programs to promote mental health, but most (17, 85%) felt “supported by peers in their workplace.” This preliminary survey identified interest in more training and limited awareness of supportive resources.
{"title":"Preliminary Exploration of Training, Perspectives, and Mental Health Program Awareness in Slaughter Plant Workers Who Perform Stunning as Part of Their Job","authors":"L. Edwards-Callaway, S. Mijares, Hailey Simpson, M. Cramer, I. N. Román-Muñiz, L. Stallones","doi":"10.1163/25889567-bja10030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25889567-bja10030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Stunning livestock (rendering them unconscious) is a necessary component of initiating humane slaughter, thus it is important to provide support to individuals performing this job. The objective of this study was to identify worker perspectives, training methods, and resources available to workers performing stunning. An online survey was distributed to industry association listservs or direct emails of slaughter plants in the United States of America. An additional survey was administered at an industry conference to increase participation. Twenty respondents completed the slaughter survey. Respondents were commonly trained using an in-person, in-house trainer. Respondents indicated feeling confident in performing stunning after training (18, 90%) and that “stunning animals has become easier the more times they did it” (17, 85%). Only 2 (10%) respondents said there were aware of programs to promote mental health, but most (17, 85%) felt “supported by peers in their workplace.” This preliminary survey identified interest in more training and limited awareness of supportive resources.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87627754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.1163/25889567-bja10029
Nirvay Sah, Krishna Kafle, S. Paudyal, Sanjeev Wasti, Ganga K. Sah
In Nepal, a predominantly Hindu country, most communities consider the cow as a sacred animal leading to their special place in society. However, male calves are neglected because of their limited utility in the context of religiously restricted beef consumption. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the dairy farmers of the Chitwan district in the central region of Nepal to understand the rearing practices of dairy calves and the associated animal welfare concerns. A majority of the producers (70%) that participated in the survey reared female calves to be replacement dairy animals, hence providing better care and management on the farm. Male calves, however, were vulnerable to indiscriminate removal following non-humane methods; 20% of calves starved by feed withdrawal, and 20% of calves chased away from the farm to live as stray animals. Therefore, the religious, sentimental, economic, and ethical analysis of the welfare situation needs to be assessed in a broader context and a sustainable policy needs to be implemented to change the overall attitude of the farmers towards male dairy calves.
{"title":"Animal Welfare Issues Associated with Rearing Dairy Calves in Nepalese Context","authors":"Nirvay Sah, Krishna Kafle, S. Paudyal, Sanjeev Wasti, Ganga K. Sah","doi":"10.1163/25889567-bja10029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25889567-bja10029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In Nepal, a predominantly Hindu country, most communities consider the cow as a sacred animal leading to their special place in society. However, male calves are neglected because of their limited utility in the context of religiously restricted beef consumption. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the dairy farmers of the Chitwan district in the central region of Nepal to understand the rearing practices of dairy calves and the associated animal welfare concerns. A majority of the producers (70%) that participated in the survey reared female calves to be replacement dairy animals, hence providing better care and management on the farm. Male calves, however, were vulnerable to indiscriminate removal following non-humane methods; 20% of calves starved by feed withdrawal, and 20% of calves chased away from the farm to live as stray animals. Therefore, the religious, sentimental, economic, and ethical analysis of the welfare situation needs to be assessed in a broader context and a sustainable policy needs to be implemented to change the overall attitude of the farmers towards male dairy calves.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"11 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75883785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5406/21601267.12.2.05
Jacob Brandler
Abstract:The Western history discipline has recently experienced a growing appreciation of animals as subjects of historical concern, part of what has been described as the “animal turn” in the humanities. While briefly examining some historiographical points related to this burgeoning trend, this article looks to the question of whether animals have history itself as a device to reframe the relationship humans have with both animals and history. Through this process, this article highlights how respecting the unknown possibility and the possibility of the unknown history from the animal perspective recasts the inquiry into “history” as a parochial human endeavor, entangled in the limits of human knowledge, perception, and frailty. It is this same human frailty that explains why humans must understand animal history if only from a human perspective—because humans have fundamentally depended on animals for their survival and development in their own history. Taking these points together, this article asserts that appreciating the existence (and weakness) of the human lens gives new meaning and a sense of humility to the inquiry into animal history, such as how animal history may be better understood in the plural (“histories”), how humans might be freed from universal history and human exceptionalism, and how this humility encourages more ethical treatment of animals.
{"title":"Do “Animals” Have Histor(ies)? Can/Should Humans Know Them? A Heuristic Reframing of Animal-Human Relationships","authors":"Jacob Brandler","doi":"10.5406/21601267.12.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.12.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Western history discipline has recently experienced a growing appreciation of animals as subjects of historical concern, part of what has been described as the “animal turn” in the humanities. While briefly examining some historiographical points related to this burgeoning trend, this article looks to the question of whether animals have history itself as a device to reframe the relationship humans have with both animals and history. Through this process, this article highlights how respecting the unknown possibility and the possibility of the unknown history from the animal perspective recasts the inquiry into “history” as a parochial human endeavor, entangled in the limits of human knowledge, perception, and frailty. It is this same human frailty that explains why humans must understand animal history if only from a human perspective—because humans have fundamentally depended on animals for their survival and development in their own history. Taking these points together, this article asserts that appreciating the existence (and weakness) of the human lens gives new meaning and a sense of humility to the inquiry into animal history, such as how animal history may be better understood in the plural (“histories”), how humans might be freed from universal history and human exceptionalism, and how this humility encourages more ethical treatment of animals.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"121 1","pages":"148 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78401820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5406/21601267.12.2.08
R. Lockwood
Abstract:Most previous biographies of Henry Bergh, founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the Western hemisphere’s first animal protection organization, give little attention to the very mixed reaction his efforts received from the media, legislators, fellow social reformers, the general public, and the large number of enterprises that benefitted from the exploitation and even abuse of animals during America’s Gilded Age. A Traitor to His Species provides a detailed analysis of Bergh’s life and times and explores both the victories and defeats he had while devoting most of his adult life to what he considered to be a moral crusade, building a foundation of a movement that has expanded beyond his expectations.
{"title":"Reexamining the Great Meddler","authors":"R. Lockwood","doi":"10.5406/21601267.12.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.12.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Most previous biographies of Henry Bergh, founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the Western hemisphere’s first animal protection organization, give little attention to the very mixed reaction his efforts received from the media, legislators, fellow social reformers, the general public, and the large number of enterprises that benefitted from the exploitation and even abuse of animals during America’s Gilded Age. A Traitor to His Species provides a detailed analysis of Bergh’s life and times and explores both the victories and defeats he had while devoting most of his adult life to what he considered to be a moral crusade, building a foundation of a movement that has expanded beyond his expectations.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"45 1","pages":"179 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81601746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5406/21601267.12.2.14
Per-Anders Svärd
{"title":"Should Animals Have Political Rights?","authors":"Per-Anders Svärd","doi":"10.5406/21601267.12.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.12.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"6 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74375453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5406/21601267.12.2.17
R. Lockwood
is much more extensive than might be assumed. For example, he traces the spiritual kinship with animals through not just the Celtic lands, but through monasteries administered by Irish monks, such that this attitude to animals is seen in the lives of Hildegard of Bingen, St. Disibod, and St. Francis of Assisi, who grew up in the part of Italy where Christianity was brought by St. Columban (pp. 93–94). Columban apparently went into the forest to pray and called the animals to him, and the animals would accompany him in his devotions (p. 54). The central argument of the book is that the Celtic saints exemplify a spiritual kinship with animals. Gently but profoundly, he demonstrates how a closer union with God ought to result in a greater communion with God’s other creatures. The relationship between the saints and animals is one of reciprocity “that transcends species-differences so that all benefit in the circle of life. Kindness, compassion, loving respect on the part of the saints elicits from their creaturepartners trust, caring, and love—which in turn increases the happiness of everyone” (p. 96). Sellner concludes with reflections upon what this kinship might mean in terms of our ethical treatment of animals. He suggests that “Patrick’s protection of innocent deer . . . might challenge those who consider hunting ordinary” and that “from Brigit’s concern for a terror-stricken boar and a flock of wild ducks, we might consider how animals are treated today in labs and factory farms” (p. 97). The ethical questioning is posed in the same gentle, spiritual tone as the rest of the book, and as such, Sellner mostly leaves it to the stories of the saints to enlighten rather than expound on the moral treatment of animals. In short, Sellner’s book is a delightful look at the world of Celtic saints and animals, shining a light on some of the positive, overlooked narratives about animals found within the Christian tradition. It is an excellent primer to the riches of animal-friendly spirituality.
{"title":"All Creatures Safe and Sound: The Social Landscape of Pets in Disasters by Sarah E. DeYoung and Ashley K. Farmer (review)","authors":"R. Lockwood","doi":"10.5406/21601267.12.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.12.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"is much more extensive than might be assumed. For example, he traces the spiritual kinship with animals through not just the Celtic lands, but through monasteries administered by Irish monks, such that this attitude to animals is seen in the lives of Hildegard of Bingen, St. Disibod, and St. Francis of Assisi, who grew up in the part of Italy where Christianity was brought by St. Columban (pp. 93–94). Columban apparently went into the forest to pray and called the animals to him, and the animals would accompany him in his devotions (p. 54). The central argument of the book is that the Celtic saints exemplify a spiritual kinship with animals. Gently but profoundly, he demonstrates how a closer union with God ought to result in a greater communion with God’s other creatures. The relationship between the saints and animals is one of reciprocity “that transcends species-differences so that all benefit in the circle of life. Kindness, compassion, loving respect on the part of the saints elicits from their creaturepartners trust, caring, and love—which in turn increases the happiness of everyone” (p. 96). Sellner concludes with reflections upon what this kinship might mean in terms of our ethical treatment of animals. He suggests that “Patrick’s protection of innocent deer . . . might challenge those who consider hunting ordinary” and that “from Brigit’s concern for a terror-stricken boar and a flock of wild ducks, we might consider how animals are treated today in labs and factory farms” (p. 97). The ethical questioning is posed in the same gentle, spiritual tone as the rest of the book, and as such, Sellner mostly leaves it to the stories of the saints to enlighten rather than expound on the moral treatment of animals. In short, Sellner’s book is a delightful look at the world of Celtic saints and animals, shining a light on some of the positive, overlooked narratives about animals found within the Christian tradition. It is an excellent primer to the riches of animal-friendly spirituality.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"56 1","pages":"215 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73783509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5406/21601267.12.2.19
Kimberly A. Moore
man ontological privilege, with intraspecific and interspecific mechanisms of discrimination, and with philosophical, political, and ethical implications of meat production. For a second and final example, ethologist Roberto Marchesini—one of the most original and prominent voices in animal studies—focuses on redefining the paradigm of “animality.” In his essay, Marchesini questions behaviorism and the automatism of learning, key aspects that have been prominent in defining animality in many fields, from biology to philosophy. Building from his groundbreaking and extensive work in ethology and zooanthropology, he argues for an “elaborative model” of animality (animal as subject) against the fallacy of the “automatism-based model” (animal as mechanism):
{"title":"Shaving the Beasts, Wild Horses and Ritual in Spain by John Hartigan Jr. (review)","authors":"Kimberly A. Moore","doi":"10.5406/21601267.12.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.12.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"man ontological privilege, with intraspecific and interspecific mechanisms of discrimination, and with philosophical, political, and ethical implications of meat production. For a second and final example, ethologist Roberto Marchesini—one of the most original and prominent voices in animal studies—focuses on redefining the paradigm of “animality.” In his essay, Marchesini questions behaviorism and the automatism of learning, key aspects that have been prominent in defining animality in many fields, from biology to philosophy. Building from his groundbreaking and extensive work in ethology and zooanthropology, he argues for an “elaborative model” of animality (animal as subject) against the fallacy of the “automatism-based model” (animal as mechanism):","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"36 1","pages":"219 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82204526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5406/21601267.12.2.11
Chien-hui Li
{"title":"Animals and Human Society in Asia: Historical, Cultural and Ethical Perspectives ed. by Rotem Kowner et al. (review)","authors":"Chien-hui Li","doi":"10.5406/21601267.12.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.12.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"34 1","pages":"203 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74548091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：