Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.5406/21601267.13.2.03
Christina Hoenig
Abstract This article presents a cross-contextual examination of St. Augustine's views concerning nonhuman animals. It aligns seemingly disparate conclusions of previous studies by considering both material and metaphorical nonhuman animals across Augustine's writings and by integrating the role he assigns to them into his broader metaphysical framework. While Augustine is found to assign instrumental value to all aspects of material creation, nonhuman animals are shown to carry a particularly complex significance due to their proximity to humans in his hierarchical account of creation.
{"title":"Augustine of Hippo on Nonhuman Animals","authors":"Christina Hoenig","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a cross-contextual examination of St. Augustine's views concerning nonhuman animals. It aligns seemingly disparate conclusions of previous studies by considering both material and metaphorical nonhuman animals across Augustine's writings and by integrating the role he assigns to them into his broader metaphysical framework. While Augustine is found to assign instrumental value to all aspects of material creation, nonhuman animals are shown to carry a particularly complex significance due to their proximity to humans in his hierarchical account of creation.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.5406/21601267.13.2.10
Maris Beck
Abstract Animals and Business Ethics is an edited book that applies business ethical theory to nonhuman animals. It explores the ethics of commodifying animals in a business context, how stakeholder and social contract theories relate to animals, how business can be regulated to improve conditions for animals, how to create more humane jobs for humans and animals, and the linkages between human and animal well-being, in the context of human workers and consumers who interact with animals in business. Business ethics literature has underrepresented animals, although this is beginning to change. This book is an introduction to how business ethics theory can be applied, through a range of theoretical chapters and case studies. Animals and Business Ethics is a valuable contribution to the literature, which opens space for additional research.
{"title":"Animals and Business Ethics","authors":"Maris Beck","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Animals and Business Ethics is an edited book that applies business ethical theory to nonhuman animals. It explores the ethics of commodifying animals in a business context, how stakeholder and social contract theories relate to animals, how business can be regulated to improve conditions for animals, how to create more humane jobs for humans and animals, and the linkages between human and animal well-being, in the context of human workers and consumers who interact with animals in business. Business ethics literature has underrepresented animals, although this is beginning to change. This book is an introduction to how business ethics theory can be applied, through a range of theoretical chapters and case studies. Animals and Business Ethics is a valuable contribution to the literature, which opens space for additional research.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.5406/21601267.13.2.04
Felix Taylor
Abstract This article examines the antivivisectionist writings of British novelist and philosopher John Cowper Powys (1872–1963) during the 1930s and 1940s. Powys's opposition to the widespread practice of animal experimentation, both in his fiction and his contributions to activist newspapers, has been noted by critics to have prefigured the modern animal rights movement. On the surface, his writings on the subject display an unnuanced and impassioned outrage, yet on closer inspection, they form a logical piece of Powys's idiosyncratic worldview and to some extent reflect the arguments of “new age” antivivisection campaigns of his time.
{"title":"“The New Superstition, the New Tyranny”: The Ethics and Contexts of John Cowper Powys's Antivivisection","authors":"Felix Taylor","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the antivivisectionist writings of British novelist and philosopher John Cowper Powys (1872–1963) during the 1930s and 1940s. Powys's opposition to the widespread practice of animal experimentation, both in his fiction and his contributions to activist newspapers, has been noted by critics to have prefigured the modern animal rights movement. On the surface, his writings on the subject display an unnuanced and impassioned outrage, yet on closer inspection, they form a logical piece of Powys's idiosyncratic worldview and to some extent reflect the arguments of “new age” antivivisection campaigns of his time.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1163/25889567-bja10038
Tristan David Katz
Every day, wild animals suffer and die from myriad natural causes. For those committed to non-speciesism, what wild animal suffering entails for us morally is a question of the utmost importance, and yet there remains significant disagreement at the level of normative theory. In this paper I argue that in situations of moral urgency environmental managers and policy makers should refer to widely-agreeable moral principles for guidance. I claim that the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice do well to capture our widely-held values, and that the first three principles all support large-scale interventions in nature. I then argue that balancing these against non-maleficence will still allow for the careful consideration of interventions, although is unlikely to support lethal methods. This argument is intended to provide a reasonable starting point for theory-agnostic decision makers, and places the burden of proof on those who oppose intervention.
{"title":"Widely Agreeable Moral Principles Support Efforts to Reduce Wild Animal Suffering","authors":"Tristan David Katz","doi":"10.1163/25889567-bja10038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25889567-bja10038","url":null,"abstract":"Every day, wild animals suffer and die from myriad natural causes. For those committed to non-speciesism, what wild animal suffering entails for us morally is a question of the utmost importance, and yet there remains significant disagreement at the level of normative theory. In this paper I argue that in situations of moral urgency environmental managers and policy makers should refer to widely-agreeable moral principles for guidance. I claim that the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice do well to capture our widely-held values, and that the first three principles all support large-scale interventions in nature. I then argue that balancing these against non-maleficence will still allow for the careful consideration of interventions, although is unlikely to support lethal methods. This argument is intended to provide a reasonable starting point for theory-agnostic decision makers, and places the burden of proof on those who oppose intervention.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74255839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.1163/25889567-05010100
S. Holtze, K. Gruetzmacher, A. Prylutska
{"title":"Animal Ethics in Times of Crisis","authors":"S. Holtze, K. Gruetzmacher, A. Prylutska","doi":"10.1163/25889567-05010100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25889567-05010100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80378330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.1163/25889567-bja10036
Olesya Kulyk, A. Prylutska
Amid the devastating war in Ukraine following Russia’s invasion, animals have also been severely affected. The Zgraya Shelter in Zaporizhzhia city has been tirelessly working to rescue and care for animals in need, despite the challenging circumstances. Before the war, the shelter provided assistance to abandoned animals, promoted sterilization initiatives, and advocated for the ethical treatment of animals. However, the outbreak of war posed new challenges, including securing funds, addressing food shortages, and obtaining vaccinations. Despite these obstacles, the shelter’s founder and volunteers, along with the support of concerned citizens, have managed to continue their activities, even initiating online educational lessons. The shelter has provided aid to animals from critical cities and temporarily housed displaced animals. Despite ongoing issues and the loss of some animals due to the war, the shelter remains dedicated to its mission and continues to rescue and care for animals in need.
{"title":"Rescuing Animals Amid Wartime in Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine","authors":"Olesya Kulyk, A. Prylutska","doi":"10.1163/25889567-bja10036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25889567-bja10036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Amid the devastating war in Ukraine following Russia’s invasion, animals have also been severely affected. The Zgraya Shelter in Zaporizhzhia city has been tirelessly working to rescue and care for animals in need, despite the challenging circumstances. Before the war, the shelter provided assistance to abandoned animals, promoted sterilization initiatives, and advocated for the ethical treatment of animals. However, the outbreak of war posed new challenges, including securing funds, addressing food shortages, and obtaining vaccinations. Despite these obstacles, the shelter’s founder and volunteers, along with the support of concerned citizens, have managed to continue their activities, even initiating online educational lessons. The shelter has provided aid to animals from critical cities and temporarily housed displaced animals. Despite ongoing issues and the loss of some animals due to the war, the shelter remains dedicated to its mission and continues to rescue and care for animals in need.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86995728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1163/25889567-bja10037
Yevgen Kiosya
The Russo-Ukrainian War, especially the full-scale invasion started in 2022, has grossly affected the zoos in Ukraine. Present work gives a review of different aspects of zoo life amidst the war: threats for zoo animals and their enclosures, threats for zoo visitors, problems of zoo staff, challenges of supply, utilities, finances, evacuation and maintaining basic zoo functions. Main consequences of the war for the zoo community and the lessons we can learn from this experience are broadly discussed.
{"title":"Ukrainian Zoos Amidst the War – The Threats and Challenges of Running a Zoo during the Military Conflict","authors":"Yevgen Kiosya","doi":"10.1163/25889567-bja10037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25889567-bja10037","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Russo-Ukrainian War, especially the full-scale invasion started in 2022, has grossly affected the zoos in Ukraine. Present work gives a review of different aspects of zoo life amidst the war: threats for zoo animals and their enclosures, threats for zoo visitors, problems of zoo staff, challenges of supply, utilities, finances, evacuation and maintaining basic zoo functions. Main consequences of the war for the zoo community and the lessons we can learn from this experience are broadly discussed.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83437544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1163/25889567-bja10035
A. Vlaschenko, Alona Shulenko, Anzhela But, Maryna Yerofieiva, Valeria Bohodist, Maksym Petelka, Anastasiia Vovk, Kateryna Zemliana, Denys Myzuka, K. Kravchenko, A. Prylutska
The full-scale war in Ukraine negatively impacted populations of urban and semi-urban animals. This study examines the effects of war-related damages on urban populations of bats in Kharkiv city (NE Ukraine) during 2022. Our findings suggest that 45.1% of buildings used as wintering roosts for N. noctula were either partially damaged or completely destroyed by shellings, which may have led to the direct killing of approximately 7,000 bats. Additionally, the war-damaged urban environments in Kharkiv serve as a deadly trap for bats during the period of autumn migration or swarming. Bats flew into buildings’ interiors through windows that were left open or broken by blast waves, resulting in entrapment. The total number of N. noctula trapped inside buildings damaged by shelling was 2,836 individuals, with a death rate of approximately 30%. The group size of trapped bats was more numerous than in previous years, and the main findings were concentrated in war-damaged districts of the city.
{"title":"The War-Damaged Urban Environment Becomes Deadly Trap for Bats: Case from Kharkiv City (NE Ukraine) in 2022","authors":"A. Vlaschenko, Alona Shulenko, Anzhela But, Maryna Yerofieiva, Valeria Bohodist, Maksym Petelka, Anastasiia Vovk, Kateryna Zemliana, Denys Myzuka, K. Kravchenko, A. Prylutska","doi":"10.1163/25889567-bja10035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25889567-bja10035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The full-scale war in Ukraine negatively impacted populations of urban and semi-urban animals. This study examines the effects of war-related damages on urban populations of bats in Kharkiv city (NE Ukraine) during 2022. Our findings suggest that 45.1% of buildings used as wintering roosts for N. noctula were either partially damaged or completely destroyed by shellings, which may have led to the direct killing of approximately 7,000 bats. Additionally, the war-damaged urban environments in Kharkiv serve as a deadly trap for bats during the period of autumn migration or swarming. Bats flew into buildings’ interiors through windows that were left open or broken by blast waves, resulting in entrapment. The total number of N. noctula trapped inside buildings damaged by shelling was 2,836 individuals, with a death rate of approximately 30%. The group size of trapped bats was more numerous than in previous years, and the main findings were concentrated in war-damaged districts of the city.","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75976540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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