The author is a professionally trained mathematician, physicist and engineer. His view of health and medicine is similar to his past experience on designing a physical object, such as a building structure or a working machine, which he calls an “object”. The object’s strength or its expected lifespan is similar to the health conditions and longevity of a human being based on the following three key factors: (1) The original strength of the object’s material which is similar to the genetic factors of a human body. (2) The engineering design and site construction of this object are similar to the fundamental influential causes, including lifestyle details, life-long habits, and environmental factors, on the human health. Among those external causes, if the author has to pick up one category which has the most influence above of all that is the “food”. (3) The object endures different operational problems due to external forces or impacts which are similar to various diseases suffered by humans. After the object experiences external forces or impacts, we use some structural reinforcements to fix the building’s damaged cracks or replace the malfunctioned part of the machine. These engineering actions are similar to the “medical treatments” doctors provide patients. The medical treatments, including medication interventions (oral drugs or biochemical injections), necessary surgeries, or certain organ transplants are similar to the engineering repair of the damaged object. This article emphasizes the relationship between causes and results such as symptoms of diseases. It particularly addresses the inter-relationship of 5 selected diseases: cancers, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic kidney diseases (CKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), where the most important cause for most diseases is “food”. This food category in his study contains 25 defined elements include input data of food are collected via the developed iPhone APP. There are 5 elements for “Food Quantity”: breakfast amount, lunch amount, dinner amount, amount of between-meals snacks and fruits, and the average daily food consumption amount. In addition, there are 20 selected elements for “Food Quality” (see Figure 1). The combined Food score is the average value of both food quantity score and food quality score.
{"title":"Investigation of Food and Relative Risk Probability of Having Five Different Diseases, Including Diabetes Using Collected Food Data Over A 6.5-Year Period Based on GHMethod: Math-Physical Medicine (No. 492)","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.06.06.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.06.02","url":null,"abstract":"The author is a professionally trained mathematician, physicist and engineer. His view of health and medicine is similar to his past experience on designing a physical object, such as a building structure or a working machine, which he calls an “object”. The object’s strength or its expected lifespan is similar to the health conditions and longevity of a human being based on the following three key factors: (1) The original strength of the object’s material which is similar to the genetic factors of a human body. (2) The engineering design and site construction of this object are similar to the fundamental influential causes, including lifestyle details, life-long habits, and environmental factors, on the human health. Among those external causes, if the author has to pick up one category which has the most influence above of all that is the “food”. (3) The object endures different operational problems due to external forces or impacts which are similar to various diseases suffered by humans. After the object experiences external forces or impacts, we use some structural reinforcements to fix the building’s damaged cracks or replace the malfunctioned part of the machine. These engineering actions are similar to the “medical treatments” doctors provide patients. The medical treatments, including medication interventions (oral drugs or biochemical injections), necessary surgeries, or certain organ transplants are similar to the engineering repair of the damaged object. This article emphasizes the relationship between causes and results such as symptoms of diseases. It particularly addresses the inter-relationship of 5 selected diseases: cancers, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic kidney diseases (CKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), where the most important cause for most diseases is “food”. This food category in his study contains 25 defined elements include input data of food are collected via the developed iPhone APP. There are 5 elements for “Food Quantity”: breakfast amount, lunch amount, dinner amount, amount of between-meals snacks and fruits, and the average daily food consumption amount. In addition, there are 20 selected elements for “Food Quality” (see Figure 1). The combined Food score is the average value of both food quantity score and food quality score.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73071370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the author’s quantitative improvements on his weight and glucose resulting from lifestyle modifications. Special attention has been placed on both the pre-virus period from 5/5/2018 to 1/18/2020 (total 624 days with 1,934 meals and snacks) and the COVID-19 quarantined period from 1/19/2020 to 6/16/2021 (total 514 days with 1,536 meals). This article emphasizes on bodyweight, glucoses, and glucose fluctuations (GF) during the two compared periods. In general, his health conditions of weight and glucoses in the COVID-19 period (514 days) are better than his health conditions in the pre-virus period (624 days). The COVID-19 pandemic is more than 100 times worse than SARS that occurred in 2003, in terms of its spreading speed, fatality number, and emotional impact on the world population. People belonging to the “vulnerable” groups” such as the elderly, with existing chronic diseases and history of complications, require special attention to their health conditions and lifestyle management during this COVID-19 quarantine period. In this particular period, the author achieved better results on both his diabetes control and overall metabolism management. The knowledge and experience he has gained in the past 11 years of medical research and his developed metabolism index (MI) model along with his four diabetes prediction tools assisted him in many ways. During the quarantine period, he has stopped traveling and suffered no jet-lag, eating home-cooked meals, maintaining nutritional balance, continuing his daily walking exercise of 16,000 steps (~10.7 km or 6.7 miles each day), sleeping 7.2 hours each night, living a stressfree life, avoiding negative news of politics and the pandemic, and keeping a regular daily life routine. The author enjoys conducting medical research, which is his obsessive hobby, and does not need to make a living off his work. Therefore, he feels no pressure at all to continuously perform research over the past 11 years. As a result, he has actually turned the COVID-19 crisis into his health advantage!
{"title":"The Change in Health Biomarkers for Bodyweight and Glucoses Between the PreVirus Period and COVID-19 Period Based on GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine (No. 468)","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.06.06.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.06.06","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the author’s quantitative improvements on his weight and glucose resulting from lifestyle modifications. Special attention has been placed on both the pre-virus period from 5/5/2018 to 1/18/2020 (total 624 days with 1,934 meals and snacks) and the COVID-19 quarantined period from 1/19/2020 to 6/16/2021 (total 514 days with 1,536 meals). This article emphasizes on bodyweight, glucoses, and glucose fluctuations (GF) during the two compared periods. In general, his health conditions of weight and glucoses in the COVID-19 period (514 days) are better than his health conditions in the pre-virus period (624 days). The COVID-19 pandemic is more than 100 times worse than SARS that occurred in 2003, in terms of its spreading speed, fatality number, and emotional impact on the world population. People belonging to the “vulnerable” groups” such as the elderly, with existing chronic diseases and history of complications, require special attention to their health conditions and lifestyle management during this COVID-19 quarantine period. In this particular period, the author achieved better results on both his diabetes control and overall metabolism management. The knowledge and experience he has gained in the past 11 years of medical research and his developed metabolism index (MI) model along with his four diabetes prediction tools assisted him in many ways. During the quarantine period, he has stopped traveling and suffered no jet-lag, eating home-cooked meals, maintaining nutritional balance, continuing his daily walking exercise of 16,000 steps (~10.7 km or 6.7 miles each day), sleeping 7.2 hours each night, living a stressfree life, avoiding negative news of politics and the pandemic, and keeping a regular daily life routine. The author enjoys conducting medical research, which is his obsessive hobby, and does not need to make a living off his work. Therefore, he feels no pressure at all to continuously perform research over the past 11 years. As a result, he has actually turned the COVID-19 crisis into his health advantage!","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72966692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author was a mathematician and an engineer. His view of longevity is similar to his past experience on designing and building a structure or a machine which he calls an “object”. The expected lifespan of an object is similar to the longevity of a human being based on the following three factors: (1) The availability of good and strong building materials that are similar to the genetic factors of a human body health conditions. (2) The engineering design and site construction of this object are similar to the lifestyle, life-long habits, and environmental factors which are related to the health of the human body. (3) The building’s damaged cracks or the machine’s malfunctioned parts under external forces are similar to the medical conditions and symptoms of disease in the human body. If the object suffers from operational problems due to external forces that is similar to the human body being affected by various diseases, then we can repair the object such as adopting the reinforcement of the building structural part or replacing the operational part of the machine. They are similar to the medical treatments including medication interventions, different surgeries, or organ transplants. Once the author understood the analogy and similarity between an engineering object and a human body, he can then distinguish the differences among genetic reason, lifestyle maintenance, disease control, and medical treatments. It is extremely difficult, almost impossible at present time, to change our genes because we cannot select our biological parents; however, we can focus on our daily lifestyle management to either prevent from having diseases or controlling the progression of existing diseases.
{"title":"Investigation of Expected Longevity Using Medical Conditions and Lifestyle Details to Calculate A Female Patient’S Health Age Based on GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine (No. 490)","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.06.06.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.06.04","url":null,"abstract":"The author was a mathematician and an engineer. His view of longevity is similar to his past experience on designing and building a structure or a machine which he calls an “object”. The expected lifespan of an object is similar to the longevity of a human being based on the following three factors: (1) The availability of good and strong building materials that are similar to the genetic factors of a human body health conditions. (2) The engineering design and site construction of this object are similar to the lifestyle, life-long habits, and environmental factors which are related to the health of the human body. (3) The building’s damaged cracks or the machine’s malfunctioned parts under external forces are similar to the medical conditions and symptoms of disease in the human body. If the object suffers from operational problems due to external forces that is similar to the human body being affected by various diseases, then we can repair the object such as adopting the reinforcement of the building structural part or replacing the operational part of the machine. They are similar to the medical treatments including medication interventions, different surgeries, or organ transplants. Once the author understood the analogy and similarity between an engineering object and a human body, he can then distinguish the differences among genetic reason, lifestyle maintenance, disease control, and medical treatments. It is extremely difficult, almost impossible at present time, to change our genes because we cannot select our biological parents; however, we can focus on our daily lifestyle management to either prevent from having diseases or controlling the progression of existing diseases.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84601776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Psychiatric comorbidities of chronic urticaria (CU) have been reported and examined recently. The prevalence of mental disorders and emotional distress is high in patients with CU. This is a case report in which Histobulin was found to be effective for psychiatric manifestations in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Case Presentation: Three cases of CSU accompanying psychiatric manifestations (PMs) were treated with Histobulin. One patient with CSU with severe depression showed clinical changes in depressive symptoms in parallel to changes in allergic symptoms during treatment. Histobulin clearly improved not only CSU but also the accompanying PMs in one patient and slightly improved them in another patient. The PMs were not improved by an antihistamine (H1 blocker) in any case. Histobulin is effective not only for allergic manifestations (AMs) but also for PMs of CSU. Conclusions: PMs as well as AMs of CSU were improved by Histobulin therapy. PMs were suspected to be a part of the clinical manifestations in CSU, possibly through histamine-mediated mechanisms. These conditions were suggested to be ‘allergic psychiatric manifestations (APMs)’ or ‘histamine-mediated psychiatric manifestations (HPMs)’. Further study of PMs based on histamine-mediated mechanisms, including allergies, may be necessary. Accordingly, it should be clarified whether the PMs of CSU are a part of the clinical manifestations of CSU or are psychiatric comorbidities of CSU.
{"title":"Effects of Histobulin (Immunoglobulin/Histamine Complex) on Depression and Anxiety in Chronic Urticaria: Psychiatric Manifestations or Psychiatric Comorbidities of Chronic Urticaria?: A Case Report","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.06.06.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.06.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psychiatric comorbidities of chronic urticaria (CU) have been reported and examined recently. The prevalence of mental disorders and emotional distress is high in patients with CU. This is a case report in which Histobulin was found to be effective for psychiatric manifestations in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Case Presentation: Three cases of CSU accompanying psychiatric manifestations (PMs) were treated with Histobulin. One patient with CSU with severe depression showed clinical changes in depressive symptoms in parallel to changes in allergic symptoms during treatment. Histobulin clearly improved not only CSU but also the accompanying PMs in one patient and slightly improved them in another patient. The PMs were not improved by an antihistamine (H1 blocker) in any case. Histobulin is effective not only for allergic manifestations (AMs) but also for PMs of CSU. Conclusions: PMs as well as AMs of CSU were improved by Histobulin therapy. PMs were suspected to be a part of the clinical manifestations in CSU, possibly through histamine-mediated mechanisms. These conditions were suggested to be ‘allergic psychiatric manifestations (APMs)’ or ‘histamine-mediated psychiatric manifestations (HPMs)’. Further study of PMs based on histamine-mediated mechanisms, including allergies, may be necessary. Accordingly, it should be clarified whether the PMs of CSU are a part of the clinical manifestations of CSU or are psychiatric comorbidities of CSU.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88631858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019, COVID-19 soon spread all around the world [1]. As per the WHO, till 4th August 2021, Globally, 200,174,883 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 4,255,892 deaths and 3,984,596,440 vaccine doses have been administered [2].
{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cells-derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising COVID-19 Therapy?”","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.06.06.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.06.05","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019, COVID-19 soon spread all around the world [1]. As per the WHO, till 4th August 2021, Globally, 200,174,883 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 4,255,892 deaths and 3,984,596,440 vaccine doses have been administered [2].","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89507500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaccine such as influenza vaccine, is administered in stable transplant recipients, although live attenuated virus vaccines are contraindicated, generally due to risk of disseminated infection [1, 2]. Neither efficacy, safety, nor durability are well known in transplant recipients due to exclusion of them from recent COVID-19 vaccine trials [1, 2]. Currently, there are no SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms using attenuated live virus approved in phase III trials. Nevertheless, if they are approved for use, concerns, including potential decrease in efficacy in immunocompromised patients, potential for vaccine-related allograft rejection, unknown durability of the immune response, and long-term safety data still exist. Due to experience with neither the influenza vaccine nor the adjuvant recombinant zoster vaccine having been related to allograft rejection, successful administration of influenza and adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccines to stable transplant recipients, and unanticipated vaccine-related adverse events to the allograft having not borne out, the influenza and adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccines are able to be extrapolated to COVID-19 vaccines [2, 3]. In immunocompromised host, concerns for adenoviral vector vaccines are focused on a viral infection, but these concerns have no scientific evidence. Although newly approved adenoviral-vector use for vaccination, this vaccine platform has been used for decades for gene therapy for cancer and other rare diseases. Inactivated virus and protein subunit vaccine platforms that have been used in transplant recipients for other infections, such as human papilloma virus, pertussis, and hepatitis A and B, are currently under investigation for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in transplant recipients [2].
{"title":"Pre-Solid-Organ-Transplant COVID-19 Vaccination","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.06.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccine such as influenza vaccine, is administered in stable transplant recipients, although live attenuated virus vaccines are contraindicated, generally due to risk of disseminated infection [1, 2]. Neither efficacy, safety, nor durability are well known in transplant recipients due to exclusion of them from recent COVID-19 vaccine trials [1, 2]. Currently, there are no SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms using attenuated live virus approved in phase III trials. Nevertheless, if they are approved for use, concerns, including potential decrease in efficacy in immunocompromised patients, potential for vaccine-related allograft rejection, unknown durability of the immune response, and long-term safety data still exist. Due to experience with neither the influenza vaccine nor the adjuvant recombinant zoster vaccine having been related to allograft rejection, successful administration of influenza and adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccines to stable transplant recipients, and unanticipated vaccine-related adverse events to the allograft having not borne out, the influenza and adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccines are able to be extrapolated to COVID-19 vaccines [2, 3]. In immunocompromised host, concerns for adenoviral vector vaccines are focused on a viral infection, but these concerns have no scientific evidence. Although newly approved adenoviral-vector use for vaccination, this vaccine platform has been used for decades for gene therapy for cancer and other rare diseases. Inactivated virus and protein subunit vaccine platforms that have been used in transplant recipients for other infections, such as human papilloma virus, pertussis, and hepatitis A and B, are currently under investigation for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in transplant recipients [2].","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91276910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pancytopenia is defined as reduction of all the three cellular elements of blood- resulting in anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. This clinical study was undertaken in a tertiary care medical college serving Gurugram district of Haryana, North India. 50 pregnant patients were found with pancytopenia, most were multigravidae, presented at term, commonest complaints being pain abdomen & leaking per vaginum, postpartum hemorrhage being the most commonly encountered complication.
{"title":"A Clinical Study on Pancytopenia in Pregnancy in Women of Rural Haryana","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.06.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"Pancytopenia is defined as reduction of all the three cellular elements of blood- resulting in anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. This clinical study was undertaken in a tertiary care medical college serving Gurugram district of Haryana, North India. 50 pregnant patients were found with pancytopenia, most were multigravidae, presented at term, commonest complaints being pain abdomen & leaking per vaginum, postpartum hemorrhage being the most commonly encountered complication.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"291 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86425411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Anemia is a common disease in children. Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) require effort and human resource. In this study, we will evaluate objectivity of PBS ordering practice in Benghazi Children Hospital/Libya. Method: A retrospective study of PBS reports of 318 child in 2015 was conducted. Data collected include cause of PBS request, along with other relevant demographic, clinical and laboratory details. Kappa statistic was used for analyzing degree of agreement of results between PBS and Complete Blood Count (CBC) in anemia diagnosis. Results: Our study showed that Hematologists and 88.7% by general pediatricians requested only 6.9% of PBS. Anemia was main cause of request in 36.2%. Only 33.7 % of OPD cases referred with suspect of anemia were revealed to be anemic upon PBS examination and 45.4 % referred with no suspect of anemia were revealed to be anemic upon examination in total study population, but not in Neonate. In 65.1%, there was an agreement between diagnosis of anemia by CBC and PBS. There was accordance of 76.6% between exclusion of anemia by CBC and PBS. Hypochromic microcytic anemia was diagnosed in 93 cases (29.2%), macrocytic anemia was diagnosed in 5%, and 65.7% were not anemic. Conclusions: PBS examination is none objectively ordered and over utilized by Pediatricians in outpatient settings and for routine practice with less yield. Establishing laboratory guidelines for improving utility of PBS, careful and complete justified requests, discussion with laboratory staff, and continuous auditing practice are noticeable needs in the Benghazi Children Hospital.
{"title":"Objectivity and Practice of Peripheral Blood Smear Examination for Childhood Anemia Diagnosis in Benghazi Children Hospital /Libya","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.06.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anemia is a common disease in children. Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) require effort and human resource. In this study, we will evaluate objectivity of PBS ordering practice in Benghazi Children Hospital/Libya. Method: A retrospective study of PBS reports of 318 child in 2015 was conducted. Data collected include cause of PBS request, along with other relevant demographic, clinical and laboratory details. Kappa statistic was used for analyzing degree of agreement of results between PBS and Complete Blood Count (CBC) in anemia diagnosis. Results: Our study showed that Hematologists and 88.7% by general pediatricians requested only 6.9% of PBS. Anemia was main cause of request in 36.2%. Only 33.7 % of OPD cases referred with suspect of anemia were revealed to be anemic upon PBS examination and 45.4 % referred with no suspect of anemia were revealed to be anemic upon examination in total study population, but not in Neonate. In 65.1%, there was an agreement between diagnosis of anemia by CBC and PBS. There was accordance of 76.6% between exclusion of anemia by CBC and PBS. Hypochromic microcytic anemia was diagnosed in 93 cases (29.2%), macrocytic anemia was diagnosed in 5%, and 65.7% were not anemic. Conclusions: PBS examination is none objectively ordered and over utilized by Pediatricians in outpatient settings and for routine practice with less yield. Establishing laboratory guidelines for improving utility of PBS, careful and complete justified requests, discussion with laboratory staff, and continuous auditing practice are noticeable needs in the Benghazi Children Hospital.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85460525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamoxifen is an effective anti-cancer drug in breast cancer treatment. However, very few women could do the complete 5-year treatment due to the side effects of the medication. The irregular bleeding, osteoporosis, and hormonal imbalance symptoms always cut the time short. Since every woman is different in body weight, genetic compose, reproductive history, and personal habits, the treatment with tamoxifen should also be different. Moreover, since estrogen has the similar positive effects as Vitamin K2 in bone formation tamoxifen, as a estrogen blocker, should be used with proper vitamin K2 supplement, to which, current medical world has not paid enough attention.
{"title":"Tamoxifen for Five Years","authors":"Xu Chen","doi":"10.33140/jcei.06.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Tamoxifen is an effective anti-cancer drug in breast cancer treatment. However, very few women could do the complete 5-year treatment due to the side effects of the medication. The irregular bleeding, osteoporosis, and hormonal imbalance symptoms always cut the time short. Since every woman is different in body weight, genetic compose, reproductive history, and personal habits, the treatment with tamoxifen should also be different. Moreover, since estrogen has the similar positive effects as Vitamin K2 in bone formation tamoxifen, as a estrogen blocker, should be used with proper vitamin K2 supplement, to which, current medical world has not paid enough attention.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73384203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Looking at the history of medicine, many therapies have been used, since ancient history, with the most diverse cultures, many doctors and great names were in the past but still exert great influence on our medicine.
{"title":"What Do All Autoimmune Diseases Have in Common?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.06.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Looking at the history of medicine, many therapies have been used, since ancient history, with the most diverse cultures, many doctors and great names were in the past but still exert great influence on our medicine.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74349608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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