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Holographic Terahertz Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection 全息太赫兹成像用于乳腺癌检测
Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063599
Lulu Wang, Mohammad Al-Rawi
Abstract Terahertz (THz) imaging is a promising technology that can accurately detect breast tumors during breast-conserving surgery. Researchers have studied THz imaging and spectroscopy techniques to improve breast tumor detection for the past 20 years. This paper presents the recent development of the holographic THz imaging (HTI) method for identifying breast tumors. To evaluate the effectiveness of this new approach, we have developed a numerical system that includes realistic breast models and an imaging processing model. Through various experiments, we have successfully used the proposed holographic THz imaging method to identify breast tumors. Our results have shown that this method can reconstruct high-quality breast images and accurately detect small tumor inclusions, providing the correct size and location information. Based on these promising results, further investigation is warranted to explore the potential of this approach for breast tumor detection in a faster and more cost-effective manner.
太赫兹(THz)成像技术是一种很有前途的技术,可以在保乳手术中准确检测乳房肿瘤。在过去的20年里,研究人员一直在研究太赫兹成像和光谱技术,以改善乳腺肿瘤的检测。本文介绍了全息太赫兹成像(HTI)方法识别乳腺肿瘤的最新进展。为了评估这种新方法的有效性,我们开发了一个包括真实乳房模型和成像处理模型的数值系统。通过各种实验,我们已经成功地使用所提出的全息太赫兹成像方法来识别乳腺肿瘤。我们的研究结果表明,该方法可以重建高质量的乳房图像,准确地检测出小的肿瘤包涵体,提供正确的大小和位置信息。基于这些有希望的结果,需要进一步的研究来探索这种方法的潜力,以更快、更经济的方式检测乳房肿瘤。
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引用次数: 0
Relieving Test Anxiety in College Students Through Different Psychological Intervention Programs 不同心理干预方案缓解大学生考试焦虑
Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063597
Ying Du, Jingjing Lan
Abstract The alleviation of test anxiety is beneficial for improving students' academic performance. This article provides a brief introduction to test anxiety and corresponding psychological interventions, followed by a study on the psychological intervention of test anxiety conducted on 200 college students from Yanching Institute of Technology. During the research process, college students were divided into four groups, each consisting of 50 students. After examination, there were no significant differences in gender and grade proportions among the groups. Psychological interventions were conducted through group counseling sessions. Group 1 received cognitive therapy, Group 2 participated in reading therapy, Group 3 combined cognitive therapy with reading therapy, and Group 4 did not include test anxiety in their counseling sessions. The test anxiety degrees of four groups were measured before and after psychological interventions. After conducting psychological interventions, subjective evaluations were obtained from students regarding their perception of counseling classes. The final results indicated that there was no significant difference in the level of test anxiety among the four groups of students before undergoing psychological intervention (P > 0.05). However, after the intervention, a significant reduction in test anxiety was observed for students in Groups 1, 2, and 3 (P < 0.05), while Group 4 showed no significant change (P > 0.05). Among those who experienced a significant change after the intervention, Group 3 using cognitive therapy combined with reading therapy exhibited the greatest decrease in test anxiety levels. Furthermore, following the psychological intervention, Group 3 provided the highest subjective evaluation of counseling classes.
缓解考试焦虑有利于提高学生的学习成绩。本文简要介绍了考试焦虑和相应的心理干预措施,并对200名燕京理工学院大学生进行了考试焦虑的心理干预研究。在研究过程中,大学生被分为四组,每组50人。经检验,各组间性别、年级比例无显著差异。心理干预是通过小组咨询进行的。第1组接受认知治疗,第2组接受阅读治疗,第3组将认知治疗与阅读治疗相结合,第4组在咨询过程中不包括考试焦虑。测量四组学生在心理干预前后的考试焦虑程度。在进行心理干预后,获得学生对辅导课的主观评价。最终结果显示,四组学生在接受心理干预前的考试焦虑水平没有显著差异(P >0.05)。然而,在干预后,观察到1、2和3组学生的考试焦虑显著减少(P <0.05),而第4组无显著变化(P >0.05)。在那些在干预后经历了显著变化的人中,使用认知疗法结合阅读疗法的第3组在考试焦虑水平上表现出最大的下降。此外,心理干预后,第3组对辅导课的主观评价最高。
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引用次数: 0
Toward Development of Novel Remote Ultrasound Robotic System Using Soft Robotics Technology 基于软机器人技术的新型远程超声机器人系统研究
Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063469
Sky Papendorp, Ammy Ovando, Saleh Gharaie, Bobak Mosadegh, David Guerra-Zubiaga, Seyedhamidreza Alaie, Turaj Ashuri, Amir Ali Amiri Moghadam
Abstract This paper reports on the development of a novel soft robotic system for remote ultrasound applications. Direct contact of the ultrasound probe with the patient's body represents a safety risk and therefore control of the probe's positioning and applied force is a crucial task. The proposed robot uses a passive control system that provides safe interaction between the robot and the patient by leveraging soft robotics technology. The soft robot's structure can be considered as a nonlinear spring which can be designed to exert a safe force within the robot's workspace to guarantee the safety of human–robot interaction. The literature suggests that effective ultrasound imaging of both the heart and abdomen requires six degrees-of-freedom. These degrees-of-freedom consist of three translational motions, which are achieved using a novel hybrid soft cable-driven parallel robot, and three wrist motions, which is based on a universal joint design. The experimental results show that the robot can achieve all these six degrees-of-freedom, and its blocking force can be engineered to generate a uniform force within the workspace.
摘要:本文报道了一种新型远程超声软机器人系统的开发。超声探头与患者身体直接接触存在安全风险,因此控制探头的定位和施加力是一项至关重要的任务。该机器人采用被动控制系统,利用软机器人技术提供机器人与患者之间的安全交互。软机器人的结构可以看作是一个非线性弹簧,可以设计成在机器人工作空间内施加安全力,以保证人机交互的安全性。文献表明,对心脏和腹部进行有效的超声成像需要六个自由度。这些自由度包括三个平移运动(使用一种新型的混合软缆驱动并联机器人实现)和三个手腕运动(基于万向关节设计)。实验结果表明,该机器人可以实现这6个自由度,并且可以设计其阻挡力,使其在工作空间内产生均匀的力。
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引用次数: 0
Explicit and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Novel Polo Helmet Design: A Parametric Study 一种新型马球头盔设计的显式和计算流体动力学分析:参数化研究
Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063650
Mohammad Al-Rawi, Li Zheng, Russ Best
Abstract Polo is a popular sport in New Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom, and many other countries. Polo is a vigorous sport involving players and horses moving at speed and can result in head injuries caused by falls. Helmets play a vital role in the safety and protection of Polo players. This study investigates different hemispheric bumper shapes of the helmet to improve the impact resistance performance using finite element analysis (FEA) and explicit dynamics analysis (EDA). The aerodynamic performance of the proposed helmet is investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to account for drag impact on the Polo player's speed. These are investigated for impact resistance and the drag coefficient under different speeds. The EDA results show that the new proposed bumper will absorb the impact and reduce the energy transferred to the inside foam at a relative impact speed of 6.2 m/s, as recommended by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), with a maximum total deformation of 4.42 mm compared to 4.19 mm and 3.85 mm for impact speeds of 5.9 m/s by the European standard PAS015:2011 helmets for equestrian use and 5.42 m/s BS EN 1078 helmets for bicyclists' use, respectively. Additionally, under speeds ranging from 15 km/h to 65 km/h, the new helmet demonstrated a drag coefficient of 0.454, similar to that of the national team helmet, at 0.423.
马球运动在新西兰、澳大利亚、英国和其他许多国家都很流行。马球是一项激烈的运动,涉及运动员和马匹的快速移动,可能会导致头部受伤。头盔在马球运动员的安全和保护中起着至关重要的作用。采用有限元分析(FEA)和显式动力学分析(EDA)对不同形状的半球形安全帽保险杠进行了研究,以提高其抗冲击性能。利用计算流体动力学(CFD)研究了该头盔的空气动力学性能,以考虑阻力对马球运动员速度的影响。研究了不同速度下的抗冲击性能和阻力系数。EDA结果表明,新提出的保险杠将吸收的影响和减少能量转移到内部泡沫的相对影响速度6.2米/秒,推荐由美国消费者产品安全委员会(消费品安全委员会),4.42毫米的最大总变形而影响4.19毫米和3.85毫米5.9 m / s的速度由欧洲标准PAS015:2011头盔用于马术5.42 m / s BS EN 1078头盔骑自行车的使用,分别。此外,在15公里/小时至65公里/小时的速度范围内,新头盔的阻力系数为0.454,与国家队头盔的0.423相似。
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引用次数: 1
Design and Fabrication of a Lightweight and Wearable Semi-Rigid Robotic Knee Chain Exoskeleton 轻量化可穿戴半刚性机器人膝关节链外骨骼的设计与制造
Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063466
Diego Rivera, Mojtaba Sharifi
Abstract With the population of people affected by lower limb disability and physical impairments continuing to grow, engineers in response have begun to develop exoskeletons designed to assist and rehabilitate those in need. While there have been great strides and advancements in the development of exoskeletons, many of them are still too cumbersome, heavy, and expensive for most people. The project described in this paper aims to design and manufacture a wearable robotic knee exoskeleton that helps solve some of the drawbacks that exoskeletons have today. The exoskeleton is designed with lightweight and durable three-dimensional (3D)-printed PETG, TPU, and PLA components combined with soft, flexible, and wearable materials to achieve improved human–robot interaction while providing support when bending and extending the knee joint. The three main assemblies designed in this project were a 3D-printed semirigid knee chain, a 3D-printed flexible shin brace, and a motor actuator assembly mounted on a carbon fiber back plate. The semirigid knee chain is actuated using a Bowden cable which allows the heavy motor to be relocated onto the user's back. solidworks topology optimization and finite element analysis (FEA) were used to reduce weight while keeping the overall strength of the chain and ensuring the safety factor of 2. The exoskeleton was observed to be able to withstand applied torques of up to 29 N·m during the walking functionality test. This exoskeleton is also designed to be integrated into a larger hip exoskeleton system.
随着受下肢残疾和身体损伤影响的人口持续增长,工程师们开始开发外骨骼,旨在帮助和康复那些有需要的人。虽然外骨骼的发展已经取得了很大的进步,但对大多数人来说,许多外骨骼仍然过于笨重、昂贵。本文描述的项目旨在设计和制造一种可穿戴的机器人膝关节外骨骼,以帮助解决目前外骨骼的一些缺点。外骨骼设计采用轻质耐用的三维(3D)打印PETG, TPU和PLA组件,结合柔软,柔性和可穿戴材料,以实现改进的人机交互,同时在弯曲和伸展膝关节时提供支撑。在这个项目中设计的三个主要组件是3d打印的半刚性膝盖链,3d打印的柔性胫骨支架和安装在碳纤维背板上的电机执行器组件。半刚性膝盖链使用鲍登电缆驱动,该电缆允许重型电机重新定位到用户的背部。采用solidworks拓扑优化和有限元分析(FEA),在保证链条整体强度和安全系数为2的前提下减轻链条重量。在行走功能测试期间,观察到外骨骼能够承受高达29 N·m的施加扭矩。这种外骨骼也被设计成集成到一个更大的髋关节外骨骼系统中。
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引用次数: 0
Finite Element Simulation of Compressing an Additively Manufactured Mesostructure 压缩增材制造细观结构的有限元模拟
Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063462
Anne Schmitz
Abstract Numerical modeling is a useful approach for answering research questions that are either difficult or inefficient to answer experimentally. The goal of this study was to develop a validated numerical model of a stereolithography (SLA) manufactured mesostructure to predict compression behavior. A three-dimensional (3D) model was created for an 80 × 80 × 20 mm compression block. ANSYS was used to simulate compression testing of this structure. The lower plate of the structure was fixed while a vertical displacement was prescribed on the upper plate. The base material was modeled using a linearly elastic, isotropic material derived from Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio, and the ultimate tensile strength. The base material was varied to represent three different SLA polymers from Formlabs (i.e., three different models of the same geometrical structure). The shape of the force–displacement curves and compression force values agreed well between the model and previously collected experimental data. However, this agreement was limited to stiffer materials and only up to 10 mm of compression. This may be where the structure shifts from elastic to plastic behavior and some lattice structures fracture. This simulation tool can be used in the future to predict and optimize the behavior of this lattice structure but only while operating elastically.
数值模拟是一种有用的方法来回答研究问题,要么难以或低效的实验回答。本研究的目的是建立一个有效的立体光刻(SLA)制造的细观结构的数值模型来预测压缩行为。建立了80 × 80 × 20 mm压缩块的三维(3D)模型。利用ANSYS软件对该结构进行了模拟压缩试验。结构的下板固定,而上板规定垂直位移。基础材料采用线性弹性,各向同性材料,由杨氏模量(E),泊松比和极限抗拉强度导出。基础材料可以代表Formlabs的三种不同的SLA聚合物(即相同几何结构的三种不同模型)。模型得到的力-位移曲线形状和压缩力值与实验数据吻合较好。然而,这一协议仅限于较硬的材料,只有高达10毫米的压缩。这可能是结构从弹性行为转变为塑性行为和一些晶格结构断裂的地方。这个模拟工具可以在未来用来预测和优化这种晶格结构的行为,但只有在弹性运行时。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Validation of Non-Human Primate Head-Neck Computational Model for Frontal Impact Injury Analysis 非人类灵长类动物头颈部头部碰撞损伤分析计算模型的建立与验证
Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063471
Jesse Gerringer, Karthik Somasundaram, Frank A. Pintar
Abstract Severe cervical spine injuries are rare in an automobile crash, however, the recovery for an individual is difficult. With no suitable surrogate in the laboratory setting, the exact head-neck (HN) response to severe impact accelerations is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a nonhuman primate (NHP) HN model and validate it using a historic NHP kinematic dataset that tested noninjury, as well as injury-inducing impact accelerations. The geometry of the NHP HN model was constructed from a previously CT-scanned skeleton and idealized as a two-dimensional quadrilateral shell mesh. Inertial properties of the vertebra and skull were defined, as well as 1D beam elements representing the spinal ligaments and discs. The model was then driven at the T1 vertebra using a literature-derived 10G acceleration curve to simulate frontal impact. Output peak Head X-acceleration was measured at 19.8G, which fell within the average peak response of 18.8 ± 4.6 G. Capsular ligament and interspinous ligament strains were measured along the cervical spine and the relative magnitudes were consistent with areas of likely injury at more severe impact accelerations. Once tested at more severe impact accelerations, this NHP HN model will provide a suitable way to study potential human cervical spine dynamics during frontal impact.
摘要严重的颈椎损伤在车祸中是罕见的,然而,对个人来说,恢复是困难的。由于在实验室环境中没有合适的替代物,头颈部(HN)对剧烈碰撞加速度的确切反应尚不清楚。因此,本研究旨在建立一个非人灵长类动物(NHP)的HN模型,并使用历史NHP运动学数据集来验证该模型,该数据集测试了非损伤和致伤碰撞加速度。NHP HN模型的几何形状是由先前的ct扫描骨架构建的,并被理想化为二维四边形壳网格。定义了椎体和颅骨的惯性特性,以及代表脊柱韧带和椎间盘的1D梁单元。然后使用文献推导的10G加速度曲线在T1椎体上驱动模型来模拟正面碰撞。头部x加速度的输出峰值为19.8G,落在18.8±4.6 g的平均峰值响应范围内。沿着颈椎测量囊韧带和棘间韧带的应变,相对大小与更严重的冲击加速度下可能损伤的区域一致。一旦在更严重的碰撞加速度下进行测试,该NHP HN模型将为研究正面碰撞时潜在的人类颈椎动力学提供合适的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Graphene Conductive Polymer Paper-Based Biosensor for Interleukin-6 Detection in Human Serum 基于石墨烯导电聚合物纸的人血清白细胞介素6检测生物传感器
Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063468
Md Ashiqur Rahman, Nazmul Islam, Robert Freeman, Ali Ashraf
Abstract Biosensing technology has advanced significantly in recent years because of its wide applications in healthcare and biomolecule detection. However, fabricating a biosensor that will be rapid, sensitive, inexpensive, simple, and selective can be challenging. In this study, we fabricated a paper-based biosensor using conductive polymers (CPs) and graphene to detect Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human serum. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out and the images indicated that flat graphene nanoflake (GNF) sheets are connected to the fibrous structure of cellulose. We used 20 μL of human serum and 2 μL of IL-6 antigen concentration to measure the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using Autolab potentiostat (PGSTAT302N). A typical three-electrode method was preferred over the two-electrode method for better accuracy, and the sensor was connected through an adapter to the potentiostat. The paper-based biosensor detected in the range of 2 pg/mL to 20 μg/mL (the solution was prepared by serial dilution method), and the charge transfer resistance (Rct) increases linearly with the concentration (899 Ω–964 Ω). The limit of detection (LOD) of IL-6 detection was ∼16 pg/mL for our biosensor. Thus, using a portable, simple, sensitive, and inexpensive paper-based biosensor can be a great platform to detect early-stage cancer biomarkers.
摘要近年来,生物传感技术因其在医疗保健和生物分子检测方面的广泛应用而取得了长足的进步。然而,制造一种快速、灵敏、廉价、简单和有选择性的生物传感器是具有挑战性的。在这项研究中,我们利用导电聚合物(CPs)和石墨烯制作了一种纸基生物传感器来检测人血清中的白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)。横断面扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像显示,扁平的石墨烯纳米片(GNF)与纤维素的纤维结构相连。取20 μL人血清和2 μL IL-6抗原浓度,用Autolab电位器(PGSTAT302N)测量电阻抗谱(EIS)。典型的三电极法比两电极法精度更高,传感器通过适配器连接到恒电位器。纸基生物传感器检测范围为2 pg/mL ~ 20 μg/mL(溶液采用串联稀释法制备),电荷传递电阻(Rct)随浓度线性增加(899 Ω-964 Ω)。该生物传感器的IL-6检测限(LOD)为~ 16 pg/mL。因此,使用便携、简单、灵敏、廉价的纸质生物传感器可以成为检测早期癌症生物标志物的一个很好的平台。
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引用次数: 0
Damage-Induced Softening of the Sclera: A Pseudo-Elastic Modeling Approach 损伤诱导的巩膜软化:一种伪弹性建模方法
Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063467
Jose Colmenarez, Yingnan Zhai, Valentina Ochoa Mendoza, Pengfei Dong, Kenia Nunes, Donny Won Suh, Linxia Gu
Abstract The biomechanical properties of the sclera such as the stiffness, anisotropic behavior, and nonlinear stress–strain relationship have been extensively investigated for the pathogenesis study of ocular diseases. Even so, scarce mechanical investigations have been conducted on the damage in the sclera when subjected to large and repetitive deformations. Hence, the aim of this study is to quantify microstructural damage of the posterior and anterior sclera, through mechanical testing and model fitting. We performed uniaxial mechanical tests on scleral strips dissected from African green monkeys. Samples were subjected to strain-driven cycles of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% to evaluate the damage behavior commonly known as the Mullins effect. Experimental results showed qualitative changes in the stress–stretch curves when higher loading cycles were applied. A pseudo-elastic model accurately captured the curve trends across all tested samples, as indicated by a coefficient of determination above 0.96 and a subsequent finite element analysis (FEA) validation. Damage evolution and resultant permanent set demonstrated that considerable microstructural failure was attainable even at small strain levels and that the inherent plasticity had a similar contribution to stress-softening as the Mullins effect. Computed material and damage properties are expected to provide a broader understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ocular diseases and the development of more effective approaches for their treatment.
巩膜的刚度、各向异性行为和非线性应力-应变关系等生物力学特性在眼部疾病的发病机制研究中得到了广泛的研究。尽管如此,在巩膜遭受大而重复的变形时,对其损伤的机械研究仍然很少。因此,本研究的目的是通过力学测试和模型拟合来量化后巩膜和前巩膜的微结构损伤。我们对非洲绿猴的巩膜条进行了单轴力学试验。试样分别承受5%、10%、15%和20%的应变驱动循环,以评估通常称为Mullins效应的损伤行为。实验结果表明,在较高的加载周期下,应力-拉伸曲线发生了质的变化。伪弹性模型准确地捕获了所有测试样品的曲线趋势,其决定系数高于0.96,随后进行了有限元分析(FEA)验证。损伤演化和由此产生的永久集表明,即使在小应变水平下,也可以实现相当大的微观结构破坏,并且固有塑性对应力软化的贡献与穆林斯效应相似。通过计算材料和损伤特性,可以更广泛地了解眼部疾病的潜在机制,并开发出更有效的治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Dielectrophoretic Movement of Cell Passing Between Surface Electrodes in Flow Channel 流动通道中细胞在表面电极间传递的介电泳运动
Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063463
Shigehiro Hashimoto, Ryuya Ono
Abstract In this study, cell behavior in a microchannel was tracked for the application of dielectrophoresis to biological cell sorting. A pair of titanium surface electrodes was fabricated inside the microchannel by photolithographic techniques: a triangular electrode with a tip angle of 0.26 rad and a rectangular electrode. A periodic alternating current of square wave with a period of 1 μs was introduced between the electrodes to induce an asymmetric electric field perpendicular to the mainstream direction. The behavior of mouse myoblasts (C2C12: mouse myoblast cell line) was measured in vitro while the suspension was flowing. The relationship between cell shift motion near the electrode and cell shape on the two-dimensional projection plane was investigated. Experimental results showed that cell movement in the direction perpendicular to the mainstream increased with geometries away from the circle in the two-dimensional projection plane. This method can be applied to sort cells according to their degree of shape deviation from a sphere. The dielectrophoretic effect can be applied to sort cells not only by cell size but also by cell deformation.
摘要本研究对微通道中的细胞行为进行了跟踪,以便将介质电泳技术应用于生物细胞分选。采用光刻技术在微通道内制备了一对钛表面电极:一个尖端角为0.26 rad的三角形电极和一个矩形电极。在电极间引入周期为1 μs的方波交流电,产生垂直于主流方向的不对称电场。小鼠成肌细胞(C2C12:小鼠成肌细胞系)在体外流动时的行为。研究了细胞在电极附近的移动运动与细胞在二维投影平面上的形状之间的关系。实验结果表明,在二维投影平面上,当几何形状远离圆时,细胞在垂直于主流方向上的运动增加。这种方法可以根据细胞的形状偏离球体的程度来进行分类。介电泳效应不仅可以应用于细胞大小,还可以应用于细胞变形。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy
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