Journal of experimental neurology最新文献_第7页

Can ECT Improve the Motor Symptoms of a Neurological Disease? A Case of Dopa-Responsive Dystonia ECT能改善神经系统疾病的运动症状吗？多巴反应性肌张力障碍1例

Journal of experimental neurology

Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.33696/NEUROL.1.023

C. Guillet

The patient’s brother, who died by suicide, was also diagnosed with DYT5b. He presented symptoms of the disorder from birth, while Ms. M was not diagnosed until adulthood because of the atypical presentation of the disease. She was examined by several neurologists over the years, but they were unable to provide the correct diagnosis. She was even hospitalized several times in a psychiatric ward with a diagnosis of conversion disorder.

该患者自杀身亡的兄弟也被诊断患有DYT5b。他从出生时就出现了这种疾病的症状，而M女士由于这种疾病的非典型表现，直到成年后才被诊断出来。多年来，她接受了几位神经科医生的检查，但他们都无法给出正确的诊断。她甚至多次被诊断为转化障碍，住进精神病院。

引用次数: 0

A Commentary on Concomitant Symptomatic Coronary Disease and Carotid Artery Stenosis -The Tufts Medical Center Experience 对伴随症状性冠状动脉疾病和颈动脉狭窄的评论-塔夫茨医疗中心的经验

Journal of experimental neurology

Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.33696//NEUROL.1.021

Y. Ikeno, K. Charlton-Ouw, M. Iafrati, Anand Y. Shah

135 Despite the development of surgical outcomes, acute stroke remain a devastating complication following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) [1]. Coexistent CAD and carotid artery stenosis are prevalent due to their common background of systemic atherosclerosis (20%) [2]. Naylor, et al. [3,4] demonstrated that the risk of stroke associated with CABG is 3.2% in patients with asymptomatic, unilateral severe carotid stenosis, whereas these figures increase to 5.2% in those with bilateral carotid stenosis and 7% to 11.6% in those with carotid occlusion. The management of concomitant CAD and carotid artery disease has been elucidated over time. The combination of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and CABG in the same surgical setting was introduced in the 1980s [5]. Nonetheless, the surgical management, particularly the timing and order of surgical procedures, remains varied across North America. This commentary reflects upon the Tufts Medical Center experience on the current knowledge of the prevention of perioperative stroke in patients with concurrent CAD and carotid artery disease, focusing on simultaneous CEA/CABG.

尽管手术结果有所改善，急性卒中仍然是冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后的严重并发症。由于冠心病和颈动脉狭窄的共同背景是全身性动脉粥样硬化(20%)，因此两者并存的情况很普遍。Naylor等[3,4]研究表明，无症状的单侧颈动脉严重狭窄患者CABG相关卒中的风险为3.2%，而双侧颈动脉狭窄患者的这一数字增加到5.2%，颈动脉闭塞患者的这一数字增加到7%至11.6%。随着时间的推移，冠心病和颈动脉疾病的治疗已经得到了阐明。颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)和CABG在同一手术环境下的联合应用于20世纪80年代[5]。尽管如此，手术治疗，特别是手术的时间和顺序，在北美各地仍然各不相同。这篇评论反映了Tufts医学中心目前对并发CAD和颈动脉疾病患者围手术期卒中预防知识的经验，重点是同时进行CEA/CABG。

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引用次数: 0

A Protocol for the Generation of Treatment-naïve Biopsyderived Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Diffuse Midline Glioma Models 一种生成治疗幼稚活检衍生的弥漫性固有脑桥胶质瘤和弥漫性中线胶质瘤模型的方案

Journal of experimental neurology

Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.1.025

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a universally fatal tumor of the brainstem, most commonly affecting young children. Due to its location, surgical resection is not achievable, but consideration of a biopsy has become standard practice at children’s hospitals with the appropriate neurosurgical expertise. While the decision to obtain a biopsy should be directed by the presence of atypical radiographic features that call the diagnosis of DIPG into question or the requirement of biopsy tissue for clinical trial enrollment, once this precious tissue is available its use for research should be considered. The majority of DIPG and diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27Mmutant (DMG) models are autopsy-derived or genetically-engineered, each of which has limitations for translational studies, so the use of biopsy tissue for laboratory model development provides an opportunity to create unique model systems. Here, we present a detailed laboratory protocol for the generation of treatment-naïve biopsy-derived DIPG/DMG models. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/ Correspondence should be addressed to Nicholas A. Vitanza; nicholas.vitanza@seattlechildrens.org. Authorship MCB, AN, CM, SMM, CAW, FP, JMO, and NAV participated in the design or interpretation of the reported experiments or results. MCB, AN, CM, SMM, CAW, FP, BLC, SRB, and NAV participated in the acquisition or analysis of data. MCB, AN, and NAV wrote the manuscript with revisions and approval from all authors. NAV supervised all aspects of the research. Conflicts of Interest None. HHS Public Access Author manuscript J Exp Neurol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2021 March 24. Published in final edited form as: J Exp Neurol. 2020 December ; 1(4): 158–167. doi:10.33696//Neurol.1.025. A uhor M anscript

弥漫性固有桥脑胶质瘤（DIPG）是一种普遍致命的脑干肿瘤，最常见于幼儿。由于其位置，手术切除是不可能实现的，但考虑活检已成为具有适当神经外科专业知识的儿童医院的标准做法。虽然活检的决定应该根据是否存在非典型放射学特征来决定，这些特征会使DIPG的诊断受到质疑，或者临床试验注册需要活检组织，但一旦这种珍贵的组织可用，就应该考虑将其用于研究。大多数DIPG和弥漫性中线神经胶质瘤H3 K27M突变体（DMG）模型都是尸检衍生或基因工程模型，每种模型都有转化研究的局限性，因此使用活检组织进行实验室模型开发为创建独特的模型系统提供了机会。在这里，我们提出了一个详细的实验室方案，用于生成治疗幼稚的活检衍生的DIPG/DMG模型。这是一篇根据知识共享署名许可证条款分发的开放获取文章，该许可证允许在任何媒体上不受限制地使用、分发和复制，前提是原始作者和来源得到认可。http://creativecommons.org/许可证/截止日期/4.0/通讯地址应为Nicholas A.Vitanza；nicholas.vitanza@seattlechildrens.org.作者MCB、AN、CM、SMM、CAW、FP、JMO和NAV参与了报告的实验或结果的设计或解释。MCB、AN、CM、SMM、CAW、FP、BLC、SRB和NAV参与了数据的采集或分析。MCB、AN和NAV在所有作者的修订和批准下撰写了手稿。NAV监督了研究的各个方面。利益冲突无。HHS公共访问作者手稿J Exp Neurol。作者手稿；可于2021年3月24日在PMC上获得。以最终编辑形式出版：《神经实验杂志》。2020年12月；1（4）：158–167。doi:10.33696//Neurol.1.025

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引用次数: 1

A Protocol for the Generation of Treatment-naïve Biopsy-derived Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Diffuse Midline Glioma Models. 生成未经治疗的活检衍生弥漫性内侧脑桥胶质瘤和弥漫性中线胶质瘤模型的方案。

Journal of experimental neurology

Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.33696//Neurol.1.025

Matt C Biery, Alyssa Noll, Carrie Myers, Shelli M Morris, Conrad A Winter, Fiona Pakiam, Bonnie L Cole, Samuel R Browd, James M Olson, Nicholas A Vitanza

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a universally fatal tumor of the brainstem, most commonly affecting young children. Due to its location, surgical resection is not achievable, but consideration of a biopsy has become standard practice at children's hospitals with the appropriate neurosurgical expertise. While the decision to obtain a biopsy should be directed by the presence of atypical radiographic features that call the diagnosis of DIPG into question or the requirement of biopsy tissue for clinical trial enrollment, once this precious tissue is available its use for research should be considered. The majority of DIPG and diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant (DMG) models are autopsy-derived or genetically-engineered, each of which has limitations for translational studies, so the use of biopsy tissue for laboratory model development provides an opportunity to create unique model systems. Here, we present a detailed laboratory protocol for the generation of treatment-naïve biopsy-derived DIPG/DMG models.

弥漫性桥脑胶质瘤（DIPG）是一种普遍致命的脑干肿瘤，最常见于幼儿。由于其位置特殊，无法进行手术切除，但在具备相应神经外科专业知识的儿童医院，考虑进行活检已成为标准做法。在决定是否进行活检时，应考虑是否存在非典型放射学特征，从而对 DIPG 的诊断提出质疑，或者是否需要活检组织用于临床试验，一旦获得了这些珍贵的组织，就应考虑将其用于研究。大多数DIPG和弥漫中线胶质瘤、H3 K27M突变体（DMG）模型都来自尸检或基因工程，这两种模型在转化研究中都有局限性，因此使用活检组织进行实验室模型开发为创建独特的模型系统提供了机会。在此，我们介绍了一种生成未经治疗的活检衍生 DIPG/DMG 模型的详细实验室方案。

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引用次数: 0

Commentary to the Newly Rising Aquatic Exercise: Ai Chi 新兴的水上运动:艾奇

Journal of experimental neurology

Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.1.013

Pei-Hsin Ku, J. Lambeck, Nai-Chen Yeh, Ray-Yau Wang

73 As aquatic therapy has become an important rehabilitative option, more exercise programs have emerged. Ai Chi, is one of the therapeutic aquatic exercise concepts with growing potential. In our previous study, both types of aquatic exercise, Ai Chi and conventional exercise, supported the restoration of postural control in people with chronic stroke, whereas Ai Chi seemed to have larger effects [1]. Along with the statistically significant amelioration of weight shifting ability, number of participants who reached clinical fall risk cutoff score was also higher in Ai Chi group than in control group. We have attributed the advantages of Ai Chi to the unique combination of movement characteristics, such as postural challenge, closed-chain movements, and multi-joint involvement.

随着水上疗法成为一种重要的康复选择，出现了更多的锻炼项目。太极拳是一种极具发展潜力的治疗性水上运动。在我们之前的研究中，两种类型的水上运动，艾奇和常规运动，都支持慢性中风患者的姿势控制恢复，而艾奇似乎有更大的效果。在体重转移能力显著改善的同时，爱智组达到临床跌倒风险临界值的人数也高于对照组。我们认为，太极拳的优势在于其独特的运动特点，如姿势挑战、闭式运动和多关节参与。

引用次数: 0

Managing Acute Urinary Dysfunction for Neurologic Injury Patients 神经损伤患者急性尿功能障碍的处理

Journal of experimental neurology

Pub Date : 2020-05-19 DOI: 10.33696/NEUROL.1.008

B. Lucke-Wold

The below algorithm serves as a management strategy for tackling urinary dysfunction in the neurologic injury patients:

以下算法是解决神经损伤患者尿功能障碍的管理策略：

引用次数: 0

Managing Acute Urinary Dysfunction for Neurologic Injury Patients. 神经损伤患者急性尿功能障碍的处理。

Journal of experimental neurology

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-19

Brandon Lucke-Wold

引用次数: 0

Resolving the Molecular Steps in Clostridial Neurotoxin Light Chain Translocation. 解决梭状菌神经毒素轻链易位的分子步骤。

Journal of experimental neurology

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33696/Neurol.1.020

Madison Zuverink, Joseph T Barbieri

The clostridial neurotoxins (CNTs), botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin, are the most toxic proteins for humans. Neurotoxicity is based upon the specificity of the CNTs for neural host receptors and substrates. CNTs are organized into three domains, a Light Chain (LC) that is a metalloprotease and a Heavy Chain (HC) that has two domains, an N-terminal LC translocation domain (HCN) and a C-terminal receptor binding domain (HCC). While catalysis and receptor binding functions of the CNTs have been developed, our understanding of LC translocation is limited. This is due to the intrinsic complexity of the translocation process and limited tools to assess the step-by-step events in LC translocation. Recently, we developed a novel, cell-based TT-reporter to measure LC translocation as the translocation of a β-lactamase reporter across a vesicle membrane in neurons. Using this approach, we identified a role for a cis-Loop, located within the HCN, in LC translocation. In this commentary, we describe our current understanding of how CNTs mediate LC translocation and place the role of the cis-Loop in the LC translocation process relative to other independent functions that have been implicated in LC translocation. Understanding the basis for LC translocation will enhance the use of CNTs in vaccine development and as human therapies.

梭菌神经毒素(CNTs)、肉毒杆菌毒素和破伤风毒素是对人类毒性最大的蛋白质。神经毒性是基于碳纳米管对神经宿主受体和底物的特异性。碳纳米管被组织成三个结构域，一个轻链(LC)是金属蛋白酶，一个重链(HC)有两个结构域，一个n端LC易位结构域(HCN)和一个c端受体结合结构域(HCC)。虽然碳纳米管的催化和受体结合功能已经被开发出来，但我们对LC易位的了解有限。这是由于易位过程的内在复杂性和评估LC易位中分步事件的工具有限。最近，我们开发了一种新的基于细胞的tt报告基因，用于测量神经元中β-内酰胺酶报告基因在囊泡膜上的易位。使用这种方法，我们确定了位于HCN内的顺式环在LC易位中的作用。在这篇评论中，我们描述了我们目前对CNTs介导LC易位的理解，并将顺式环在LC易位过程中的作用与LC易位中涉及的其他独立功能相比较。了解LC易位的基础将加强碳纳米管在疫苗开发和人类治疗中的应用。

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引用次数: 1

Integrating Neurology and Psychiatry throughout Educational Curricula for Healthcare Professionals. 整合神经病学和精神病学贯穿医疗保健专业人员的教育课程。

Journal of experimental neurology

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.1.026

Brinda Desai Bradaric, Alana E Kirby, T Celeste Napier

We recently reviewed the scientific literature linking dopamine agonist pharmacotherapy for neurological disorders to the development of impulsive and compulsive spectrum disorders (ICSDs) [1]. This link was not clinically recognized until thousands of treated patients suffered from devastating emotional, financial and social difficulties associated with the cooccurring addictions. Here, we expand on this scientific overview to comment on how the clinical scenario emerged, and educational solutions to avoid similar consequences in the future. In brief, we hold that bridging the brain-centric disciplines (e.g., neurology and psychiatry) within medical education curricula and training is key. Teaching of these disciplines to future health professionals needs to emphasize integrated learning and practice to improve patient care.

引用次数: 0