Matt C Biery, Alyssa Noll, Carrie Myers, Shelli M Morris, Conrad A Winter, Fiona Pakiam, Bonnie L Cole, Samuel R Browd, James M Olson, Nicholas A Vitanza
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a universally fatal tumor of the brainstem, most commonly affecting young children. Due to its location, surgical resection is not achievable, but consideration of a biopsy has become standard practice at children's hospitals with the appropriate neurosurgical expertise. While the decision to obtain a biopsy should be directed by the presence of atypical radiographic features that call the diagnosis of DIPG into question or the requirement of biopsy tissue for clinical trial enrollment, once this precious tissue is available its use for research should be considered. The majority of DIPG and diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant (DMG) models are autopsy-derived or genetically-engineered, each of which has limitations for translational studies, so the use of biopsy tissue for laboratory model development provides an opportunity to create unique model systems. Here, we present a detailed laboratory protocol for the generation of treatment-naïve biopsy-derived DIPG/DMG models.
{"title":"A Protocol for the Generation of Treatment-naïve Biopsy-derived Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Diffuse Midline Glioma Models.","authors":"Matt C Biery, Alyssa Noll, Carrie Myers, Shelli M Morris, Conrad A Winter, Fiona Pakiam, Bonnie L Cole, Samuel R Browd, James M Olson, Nicholas A Vitanza","doi":"10.33696//Neurol.1.025","DOIUrl":"10.33696//Neurol.1.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a universally fatal tumor of the brainstem, most commonly affecting young children. Due to its location, surgical resection is not achievable, but consideration of a biopsy has become standard practice at children's hospitals with the appropriate neurosurgical expertise. While the decision to obtain a biopsy should be directed by the presence of atypical radiographic features that call the diagnosis of DIPG into question or the requirement of biopsy tissue for clinical trial enrollment, once this precious tissue is available its use for research should be considered. The majority of DIPG and diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant (DMG) models are autopsy-derived or genetically-engineered, each of which has limitations for translational studies, so the use of biopsy tissue for laboratory model development provides an opportunity to create unique model systems. Here, we present a detailed laboratory protocol for the generation of treatment-naïve biopsy-derived DIPG/DMG models.</p>","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"1 4","pages":"158-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7990285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25517671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pei-Hsin Ku, J. Lambeck, Nai-Chen Yeh, Ray-Yau Wang
73 As aquatic therapy has become an important rehabilitative option, more exercise programs have emerged. Ai Chi, is one of the therapeutic aquatic exercise concepts with growing potential. In our previous study, both types of aquatic exercise, Ai Chi and conventional exercise, supported the restoration of postural control in people with chronic stroke, whereas Ai Chi seemed to have larger effects [1]. Along with the statistically significant amelioration of weight shifting ability, number of participants who reached clinical fall risk cutoff score was also higher in Ai Chi group than in control group. We have attributed the advantages of Ai Chi to the unique combination of movement characteristics, such as postural challenge, closed-chain movements, and multi-joint involvement.
{"title":"Commentary to the Newly Rising Aquatic Exercise: Ai Chi","authors":"Pei-Hsin Ku, J. Lambeck, Nai-Chen Yeh, Ray-Yau Wang","doi":"10.33696/neurol.1.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/neurol.1.013","url":null,"abstract":"73 As aquatic therapy has become an important rehabilitative option, more exercise programs have emerged. Ai Chi, is one of the therapeutic aquatic exercise concepts with growing potential. In our previous study, both types of aquatic exercise, Ai Chi and conventional exercise, supported the restoration of postural control in people with chronic stroke, whereas Ai Chi seemed to have larger effects [1]. Along with the statistically significant amelioration of weight shifting ability, number of participants who reached clinical fall risk cutoff score was also higher in Ai Chi group than in control group. We have attributed the advantages of Ai Chi to the unique combination of movement characteristics, such as postural challenge, closed-chain movements, and multi-joint involvement.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48284579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The below algorithm serves as a management strategy for tackling urinary dysfunction in the neurologic injury patients:
以下算法是解决神经损伤患者尿功能障碍的管理策略：
{"title":"Managing Acute Urinary Dysfunction for Neurologic Injury Patients","authors":"B. Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.33696/NEUROL.1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/NEUROL.1.008","url":null,"abstract":"The below algorithm serves as a management strategy for tackling urinary dysfunction in the neurologic injury patients:","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"1 1","pages":"40 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43860031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The clostridial neurotoxins (CNTs), botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin, are the most toxic proteins for humans. Neurotoxicity is based upon the specificity of the CNTs for neural host receptors and substrates. CNTs are organized into three domains, a Light Chain (LC) that is a metalloprotease and a Heavy Chain (HC) that has two domains, an N-terminal LC translocation domain (HCN) and a C-terminal receptor binding domain (HCC). While catalysis and receptor binding functions of the CNTs have been developed, our understanding of LC translocation is limited. This is due to the intrinsic complexity of the translocation process and limited tools to assess the step-by-step events in LC translocation. Recently, we developed a novel, cell-based TT-reporter to measure LC translocation as the translocation of a β-lactamase reporter across a vesicle membrane in neurons. Using this approach, we identified a role for a cis-Loop, located within the HCN, in LC translocation. In this commentary, we describe our current understanding of how CNTs mediate LC translocation and place the role of the cis-Loop in the LC translocation process relative to other independent functions that have been implicated in LC translocation. Understanding the basis for LC translocation will enhance the use of CNTs in vaccine development and as human therapies.
{"title":"Resolving the Molecular Steps in Clostridial Neurotoxin Light Chain Translocation.","authors":"Madison Zuverink, Joseph T Barbieri","doi":"10.33696/Neurol.1.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/Neurol.1.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clostridial neurotoxins (CNTs), botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin, are the most toxic proteins for humans. Neurotoxicity is based upon the specificity of the CNTs for neural host receptors and substrates. CNTs are organized into three domains, a Light Chain (LC) that is a metalloprotease and a Heavy Chain (HC) that has two domains, an N-terminal LC translocation domain (HCN) and a C-terminal receptor binding domain (HCC). While catalysis and receptor binding functions of the CNTs have been developed, our understanding of LC translocation is limited. This is due to the intrinsic complexity of the translocation process and limited tools to assess the step-by-step events in LC translocation. Recently, we developed a novel, cell-based TT-reporter to measure LC translocation as the translocation of a β-lactamase reporter across a vesicle membrane in neurons. Using this approach, we identified a role for a <i>cis</i>-Loop, located within the HCN, in LC translocation. In this commentary, we describe our current understanding of how CNTs mediate LC translocation and place the role of the <i>cis</i>-Loop in the LC translocation process relative to other independent functions that have been implicated in LC translocation. Understanding the basis for LC translocation will enhance the use of CNTs in vaccine development and as human therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"1 4","pages":"123-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7894615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25392325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brinda Desai Bradaric, Alana E Kirby, T Celeste Napier
We recently reviewed the scientific literature linking dopamine agonist pharmacotherapy for neurological disorders to the development of impulsive and compulsive spectrum disorders (ICSDs) [1]. This link was not clinically recognized until thousands of treated patients suffered from devastating emotional, financial and social difficulties associated with the cooccurring addictions. Here, we expand on this scientific overview to comment on how the clinical scenario emerged, and educational solutions to avoid similar consequences in the future. In brief, we hold that bridging the brain-centric disciplines (e.g., neurology and psychiatry) within medical education curricula and training is key. Teaching of these disciplines to future health professionals needs to emphasize integrated learning and practice to improve patient care.
{"title":"Integrating Neurology and Psychiatry throughout Educational Curricula for Healthcare Professionals.","authors":"Brinda Desai Bradaric, Alana E Kirby, T Celeste Napier","doi":"10.33696/neurol.1.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/neurol.1.026","url":null,"abstract":"We recently reviewed the scientific literature linking dopamine agonist pharmacotherapy for neurological disorders to the development of impulsive and compulsive spectrum disorders (ICSDs) [1]. This link was not clinically recognized until thousands of treated patients suffered from devastating emotional, financial and social difficulties associated with the cooccurring addictions. Here, we expand on this scientific overview to comment on how the clinical scenario emerged, and educational solutions to avoid similar consequences in the future. In brief, we hold that bridging the brain-centric disciplines (e.g., neurology and psychiatry) within medical education curricula and training is key. Teaching of these disciplines to future health professionals needs to emphasize integrated learning and practice to improve patient care.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"1 4","pages":"168-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8045983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38812018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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