Pub Date : 2023-03-11DOI: 10.1142/s2345737622500075
A. Liguori, Karen Le Rossignol, Sarit Kraus, L. McEwen, Michael Wilson
In a time of many extremes — climate, pandemic, isolation — there is strength in community linkages that can provide resilience through arts-generated connections. The arts-led recovery approach to communities suffering extreme events and social isolation offers the capacity to use applied storytelling as both individual and social practice, and to generate creative contributions to social change. This paper will explore the extent to which, in bringing people together, the arts can create spaces that are open and conducive to real dialogue and engagement, developing resilience with wider applications. Monkivitch (EO of Creative Recovery Network) talks of listening to the ecology of voices, advocating for the voice of the artist to be central to government recoveries from extreme events. The intent of looking at co-creative systems or ecologies is to explore beyond disciplinary boundaries and articulate a social purpose both for the artists and the community involved in the curation. The creative arts process, in extreme events contexts, offers engagement with and empowerment of the community to develop and sustain resilience and adaptability. In this paper, a team of artists and academics with expertise in community participation, applied storytelling, socially-engaged arts and water risk management, will reflect on a variety of approaches to co-create arts-led community spaces. Two case studies are described to explore collaboration and co-production between creative artists and their communities as a participatory process to develop emotional resilience. The UK-based case study, ‘The Reasons in the Fens’, brought together diverse members of the community to develop and share personal stories and to work with a songwriter to compose a community song about the impact of the flood drought nexus in their region leading to developed empathy for diversities of views. The Australian case-study, the digital Regional Arts Park in Victoria, enabled co-curation using a creative ecosystem design which related strongly to storytelling for resilience. Both case studies offer opportunities to reflect on how a creative ecosystem provides a framework for exploring the disruptive role of the cultural sector in space/place resilience-building. The ongoing purpose of a creative ecosystem, as described in this paper, is in fact to strengthen creative organizations and individuals, which will develop a complex system ‘involving a multitude of people, institutions and places. To flourish, they require access to a suite of interconnected resources and capabilities’ (Creative Victoria (2016). Creative State 2016–2020, p. 19. https://creative.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/54349/creativestate.pdf ). The requirement is for the cultural, creative, social and commercial parts of this ecosystem to have meaningful interactions. This creative ecosystem potentially leads to a dynamic model with a vibrant or creative interplay between cultural values and stories. As Ha
{"title":"Exploring the Uses of Arts-Led Community Spaces to Build Resilience: Applied Storytelling for Successful Co-Creative Work","authors":"A. Liguori, Karen Le Rossignol, Sarit Kraus, L. McEwen, Michael Wilson","doi":"10.1142/s2345737622500075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737622500075","url":null,"abstract":"In a time of many extremes — climate, pandemic, isolation — there is strength in community linkages that can provide resilience through arts-generated connections. The arts-led recovery approach to communities suffering extreme events and social isolation offers the capacity to use applied storytelling as both individual and social practice, and to generate creative contributions to social change. This paper will explore the extent to which, in bringing people together, the arts can create spaces that are open and conducive to real dialogue and engagement, developing resilience with wider applications. Monkivitch (EO of Creative Recovery Network) talks of listening to the ecology of voices, advocating for the voice of the artist to be central to government recoveries from extreme events. The intent of looking at co-creative systems or ecologies is to explore beyond disciplinary boundaries and articulate a social purpose both for the artists and the community involved in the curation. The creative arts process, in extreme events contexts, offers engagement with and empowerment of the community to develop and sustain resilience and adaptability. In this paper, a team of artists and academics with expertise in community participation, applied storytelling, socially-engaged arts and water risk management, will reflect on a variety of approaches to co-create arts-led community spaces. Two case studies are described to explore collaboration and co-production between creative artists and their communities as a participatory process to develop emotional resilience. The UK-based case study, ‘The Reasons in the Fens’, brought together diverse members of the community to develop and share personal stories and to work with a songwriter to compose a community song about the impact of the flood drought nexus in their region leading to developed empathy for diversities of views. The Australian case-study, the digital Regional Arts Park in Victoria, enabled co-curation using a creative ecosystem design which related strongly to storytelling for resilience. Both case studies offer opportunities to reflect on how a creative ecosystem provides a framework for exploring the disruptive role of the cultural sector in space/place resilience-building. The ongoing purpose of a creative ecosystem, as described in this paper, is in fact to strengthen creative organizations and individuals, which will develop a complex system ‘involving a multitude of people, institutions and places. To flourish, they require access to a suite of interconnected resources and capabilities’ (Creative Victoria (2016). Creative State 2016–2020, p. 19. https://creative.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/54349/creativestate.pdf ). The requirement is for the cultural, creative, social and commercial parts of this ecosystem to have meaningful interactions. This creative ecosystem potentially leads to a dynamic model with a vibrant or creative interplay between cultural values and stories. As Ha","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45081239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1142/s2345737622500051
G. Ziervogel, Gareth J. Morgan
Increasingly, city governments are having to deal with climate change repercussions alongside those of other disasters, all while addressing its implications for both daily life and future sustainability. This paper argues that to build resilience to future climate extreme events and multi-hazards, it is essential to establish a systemic approach across sectors at the city scale. The City of Cape Town recently endured an extreme drought, followed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a series of interviews and engagements with senior government officials, a detailed understanding of the City of Cape Town’s response to the 2015–2018 drought and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021 was attained. In reviewing the City’s response, five inter-related adaptive governance capacities were identified as necessary for building a rapid and effective systemic response to future extreme events within city government. First, local government must be able to respond to hazards and risk systemically; second, system-level data is needed to quantify and develop an integrated understanding of important system components; and third, flexible governance mechanisms can help support agile leadership at the senior city management level. The fourth capacity is that of project execution skills for the rapid implementation of responses and infrastructure; the fifth is the ability to partner with civil society and the private sector. An analysis of these two proximate extreme events reveals the nature of these five capacities and how they have been put into practice in Cape Town. It is important to unpack and share the nature of these capacities and how they enabled a more systemic response, especially given the call for more attention to be paid to what adaptive urban governance looks like in practice when managing multi-risk and extreme events in cities.
{"title":"The Adaptive Governance Capacities of the City of Cape Town Built in Response to Extreme Events","authors":"G. Ziervogel, Gareth J. Morgan","doi":"10.1142/s2345737622500051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737622500051","url":null,"abstract":"Increasingly, city governments are having to deal with climate change repercussions alongside those of other disasters, all while addressing its implications for both daily life and future sustainability. This paper argues that to build resilience to future climate extreme events and multi-hazards, it is essential to establish a systemic approach across sectors at the city scale. The City of Cape Town recently endured an extreme drought, followed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a series of interviews and engagements with senior government officials, a detailed understanding of the City of Cape Town’s response to the 2015–2018 drought and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021 was attained. In reviewing the City’s response, five inter-related adaptive governance capacities were identified as necessary for building a rapid and effective systemic response to future extreme events within city government. First, local government must be able to respond to hazards and risk systemically; second, system-level data is needed to quantify and develop an integrated understanding of important system components; and third, flexible governance mechanisms can help support agile leadership at the senior city management level. The fourth capacity is that of project execution skills for the rapid implementation of responses and infrastructure; the fifth is the ability to partner with civil society and the private sector. An analysis of these two proximate extreme events reveals the nature of these five capacities and how they have been put into practice in Cape Town. It is important to unpack and share the nature of these capacities and how they enabled a more systemic response, especially given the call for more attention to be paid to what adaptive urban governance looks like in practice when managing multi-risk and extreme events in cities.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42618021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.1142/s234573762250004x
Dean Kyne
The Winter Storm Uri, which occurred in February 2021 (WSU2021), was regarded as a triple extreme weather event because it was a large winter storm, caused massive power outages, and occurred during a pandemic. The event spelled record-low temperatures, which caused power outages and blackouts, leaving over 4 million people without electricity during the ongoing pandemic. This study empirically examined the preparedness for, impacts from, and response to the WSU2021 of individual households who live in the Rio Grande Valley. Information on preparedness, impact, and the response was collected from the valley residents using an online survey instrument. The study’s findings suggested that low-income households were found to have positive associations with impact and response and negative associations with preparedness. In addition, the nation established a policy to promote and maintain the resiliency of 16 critical infrastructures 18 years ago, including the energy sector, but the efforts to make the emergency sector resilient were insufficient, leading to failing the litmus test for extreme event resiliency. Based on the study’s findings, the study concludes that it is imperative for all key stakeholders to build extreme event resiliency in the Rio Grande Valley.
{"title":"Winter Storm Uri 2021: A Litmus Test for Extreme Event Resiliency","authors":"Dean Kyne","doi":"10.1142/s234573762250004x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s234573762250004x","url":null,"abstract":"The Winter Storm Uri, which occurred in February 2021 (WSU2021), was regarded as a triple extreme weather event because it was a large winter storm, caused massive power outages, and occurred during a pandemic. The event spelled record-low temperatures, which caused power outages and blackouts, leaving over 4 million people without electricity during the ongoing pandemic. This study empirically examined the preparedness for, impacts from, and response to the WSU2021 of individual households who live in the Rio Grande Valley. Information on preparedness, impact, and the response was collected from the valley residents using an online survey instrument. The study’s findings suggested that low-income households were found to have positive associations with impact and response and negative associations with preparedness. In addition, the nation established a policy to promote and maintain the resiliency of 16 critical infrastructures 18 years ago, including the energy sector, but the efforts to make the emergency sector resilient were insufficient, leading to failing the litmus test for extreme event resiliency. Based on the study’s findings, the study concludes that it is imperative for all key stakeholders to build extreme event resiliency in the Rio Grande Valley.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43973679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.1142/s2345737622500063
Daika Augustin, Mbane Biouele César
In this study, the wind shear vector variability likely to mitigate the flights activities at the Cameroon Airport and in particular Garoua has been analyzed. This research is based on a statistical method R of pilot probe and observation synoptic station data, April–July 2021 period. The results show that Garoua Airport has recorded more than 55[Formula: see text]percent of the intensities of the wind shear vector greater than 10[Formula: see text]kt/100[Formula: see text]ft with dominant directions in the North-South sector. The intensities of the headwind/tailwind shear vector are at 60[Formula: see text]percent moderate; the probability density distribution shows 40[Formula: see text]percent strong to very strong shear with moderate to strong probability. This fact may represent a problem for lighter aircrafts, whose crosswind rates are lower. In this context, the forecast of high wind speed values and directions becomes very important. The schedule distribution of the various wind during this period displays that the most sheared month is the month of May, the sounding that presents the strongest to very strong shears is that of 5 p.m. and the most sheared slice is the ground surface layer where the frictional force has a very large impact on the wind. In addition, the convective system’s formation and the geographical discontinuities effects contributed to the recording of shear types during the period not only at ground level but also at the superior levels.
{"title":"Analysis of Wind Shear Variability and Its Effects on the Flights Activities at the Garoua Airport","authors":"Daika Augustin, Mbane Biouele César","doi":"10.1142/s2345737622500063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737622500063","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the wind shear vector variability likely to mitigate the flights activities at the Cameroon Airport and in particular Garoua has been analyzed. This research is based on a statistical method R of pilot probe and observation synoptic station data, April–July 2021 period. The results show that Garoua Airport has recorded more than 55[Formula: see text]percent of the intensities of the wind shear vector greater than 10[Formula: see text]kt/100[Formula: see text]ft with dominant directions in the North-South sector. The intensities of the headwind/tailwind shear vector are at 60[Formula: see text]percent moderate; the probability density distribution shows 40[Formula: see text]percent strong to very strong shear with moderate to strong probability. This fact may represent a problem for lighter aircrafts, whose crosswind rates are lower. In this context, the forecast of high wind speed values and directions becomes very important. The schedule distribution of the various wind during this period displays that the most sheared month is the month of May, the sounding that presents the strongest to very strong shears is that of 5 p.m. and the most sheared slice is the ground surface layer where the frictional force has a very large impact on the wind. In addition, the convective system’s formation and the geographical discontinuities effects contributed to the recording of shear types during the period not only at ground level but also at the superior levels.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46749075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1142/s2345737622410032
T. Ball, Grace Nash-Williams
Sharing of risk knowledge for extreme events is taking place against a backdrop of changing societal communication patterns, in which the flow of information is increasingly multi-directional, within and between individuals, wider communities and a variety of authorities using online media. We present qualitative findings from the CASCADE knowledge exchange project and a case study, from a flood risk area, on the role of social networks using such ‘new’ media as engagement tools in building resilience to flooding. The data emerged from a workshop held in 2018, together with a study into changing communication practice in the Thames Valley near Windsor, UK. It was found that engagement is occurring both during events, as an emergency management tool, and between events, often linked to strategic management such as flood defense and related planning. The qualitative findings were analyzed to investigate whether knowledge and information sharing in emergencies may lead to co-operative sharing between emergencies. According to evidence from workshop discussions across the seminars, and empirical evidence from the flood risk zone, social networks formed and/or enhanced using new media can help promote consensus but also have the potential to accentuate distrust and divide managers and the community at risk. Relevant factors were the nature of the risk faced, nature of event-related protection activity, whether extreme weather events were occurring or had occurred in the recent past, and sociocultural aspects such as the degree of general engagement of civil society, linked to location. There is a possibility that new media may thus reinforce existing power structures, including acknowledged paternalistic attitudes by management authorities and pre-conceived ideas from at-risk communities. In terms of the contribution that social media can make toward the goal of social learning for resilience, the specific role of online social media as a communication tool continues to evolve. It was noted from the workshop that there is a potential for producers of information to act also as consumers (the ‘prosumer effect’), but gaining benefit from this trend requires some changes to existing interaction patterns within and between risk management authorities and communities. More investment may be required in forms of engagement that build relationships of trust, using ‘traditional’ (face-to-face) approaches.
{"title":"Communication to Reduce Dependency and Enhance Empowerment Using ‘New’ Media: Evidence from Practice in UK Flood Risk Areas","authors":"T. Ball, Grace Nash-Williams","doi":"10.1142/s2345737622410032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737622410032","url":null,"abstract":"Sharing of risk knowledge for extreme events is taking place against a backdrop of changing societal communication patterns, in which the flow of information is increasingly multi-directional, within and between individuals, wider communities and a variety of authorities using online media. We present qualitative findings from the CASCADE knowledge exchange project and a case study, from a flood risk area, on the role of social networks using such ‘new’ media as engagement tools in building resilience to flooding. The data emerged from a workshop held in 2018, together with a study into changing communication practice in the Thames Valley near Windsor, UK. It was found that engagement is occurring both during events, as an emergency management tool, and between events, often linked to strategic management such as flood defense and related planning. The qualitative findings were analyzed to investigate whether knowledge and information sharing in emergencies may lead to co-operative sharing between emergencies. According to evidence from workshop discussions across the seminars, and empirical evidence from the flood risk zone, social networks formed and/or enhanced using new media can help promote consensus but also have the potential to accentuate distrust and divide managers and the community at risk. Relevant factors were the nature of the risk faced, nature of event-related protection activity, whether extreme weather events were occurring or had occurred in the recent past, and sociocultural aspects such as the degree of general engagement of civil society, linked to location. There is a possibility that new media may thus reinforce existing power structures, including acknowledged paternalistic attitudes by management authorities and pre-conceived ideas from at-risk communities. In terms of the contribution that social media can make toward the goal of social learning for resilience, the specific role of online social media as a communication tool continues to evolve. It was noted from the workshop that there is a potential for producers of information to act also as consumers (the ‘prosumer effect’), but gaining benefit from this trend requires some changes to existing interaction patterns within and between risk management authorities and communities. More investment may be required in forms of engagement that build relationships of trust, using ‘traditional’ (face-to-face) approaches.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46688156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-06DOI: 10.1142/s2345737622500038
P. Cobbing, Ewan Waller, L. McEwen
{"title":"The Role of Civil Society in Extreme Events Through a Narrative Reflection of Pathways and Long-Term Relationships","authors":"P. Cobbing, Ewan Waller, L. McEwen","doi":"10.1142/s2345737622500038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737622500038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42051517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.1142/s2345737622410044
K. H. Nguyen, R. Leichenko
Cities are increasingly incorporating climate resiliency goals into planning, development, and sustainability efforts. Such efforts are often touted as opportunities to promote climate justice that will not only support adaptation and mitigation efforts but also improve local environmental quality and bring higher paying, green jobs to frontline communities. Yet many local community leaders and residents remain skeptical of the promised benefits of climate-resilient development in their neighborhoods, fearing that new investments will attract higher income earners, intensify real estate pressures, and contribute to green gentrification. This study investigates the synergies and tensions that are emerging as cities develop policy responses to address climate change, implement resiliency projects, and meet economic, equity and social justice goals. Through a case study of Sunset Park, Brooklyn, a low-income working waterfront community in New York City, the paper explores community efforts to exert influence over two large-scale, climate resiliency-focused development projects. Data sources for the study include interviews with city officials, private sector representatives, community leaders and residents, participation in community events and workshops, and analysis of planning and policy documents. The study finds that an extensive legacy of community-led planning, the presence of proactive community champions, and grassroots mobilizations were critical factors that strengthened local influence over urban resiliency planning processes. It offers lessons and strategies for empowering local voices in community-based adaptation and resiliency efforts and for achieving climate justice objectives.
{"title":"Operationalizing Urban Climate Justice: A Case Study of Sunset Park, Brooklyn, New York City","authors":"K. H. Nguyen, R. Leichenko","doi":"10.1142/s2345737622410044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737622410044","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are increasingly incorporating climate resiliency goals into planning, development, and sustainability efforts. Such efforts are often touted as opportunities to promote climate justice that will not only support adaptation and mitigation efforts but also improve local environmental quality and bring higher paying, green jobs to frontline communities. Yet many local community leaders and residents remain skeptical of the promised benefits of climate-resilient development in their neighborhoods, fearing that new investments will attract higher income earners, intensify real estate pressures, and contribute to green gentrification. This study investigates the synergies and tensions that are emerging as cities develop policy responses to address climate change, implement resiliency projects, and meet economic, equity and social justice goals. Through a case study of Sunset Park, Brooklyn, a low-income working waterfront community in New York City, the paper explores community efforts to exert influence over two large-scale, climate resiliency-focused development projects. Data sources for the study include interviews with city officials, private sector representatives, community leaders and residents, participation in community events and workshops, and analysis of planning and policy documents. The study finds that an extensive legacy of community-led planning, the presence of proactive community champions, and grassroots mobilizations were critical factors that strengthened local influence over urban resiliency planning processes. It offers lessons and strategies for empowering local voices in community-based adaptation and resiliency efforts and for achieving climate justice objectives.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42685420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1142/s2345737622410056
David King
Within the themes of CASCADE NET, this paper focusses on less heard voices and the need to develop new social spaces. Disaster vulnerability identifies diversity in society through a lens of constraints to solutions, on such bases as demography, socio-economic status, cultural, ethnic and gendered minorities within society, and marginalized groups as well as physical proximity to a hazard. The focus of disaster risk reduction is on building resilience through the strengths and capacities in society, but it has a tendency to homogenize characteristics of resilience to the community level, thereby flattening and hiding diversity. LGBTQ people are largely ignored as minority groups with specific information needs. Specific response and recovery processes and actors exacerbate the vulnerability of the LGBTQ minority, especially in evacuation, support, counselling, and rehousing. The role of faith-based organizations (FBO) in providing these services during disaster relief and recovery is examined in this paper. This paper identifies and critiques the attitudes and practices of some FBO towards LGBTQ groups in their provision of disaster relief services.
{"title":"Hearing Minority Voices: Institutional Discrimination Towards LGBTQ in Disaster and Recovery","authors":"David King","doi":"10.1142/s2345737622410056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737622410056","url":null,"abstract":"Within the themes of CASCADE NET, this paper focusses on less heard voices and the need to develop new social spaces. Disaster vulnerability identifies diversity in society through a lens of constraints to solutions, on such bases as demography, socio-economic status, cultural, ethnic and gendered minorities within society, and marginalized groups as well as physical proximity to a hazard. The focus of disaster risk reduction is on building resilience through the strengths and capacities in society, but it has a tendency to homogenize characteristics of resilience to the community level, thereby flattening and hiding diversity. LGBTQ people are largely ignored as minority groups with specific information needs. Specific response and recovery processes and actors exacerbate the vulnerability of the LGBTQ minority, especially in evacuation, support, counselling, and rehousing. The role of faith-based organizations (FBO) in providing these services during disaster relief and recovery is examined in this paper. This paper identifies and critiques the attitudes and practices of some FBO towards LGBTQ groups in their provision of disaster relief services.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45732633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.1142/s2345737622410020
N. Calvillo, Joanne Garde-Hansen, Fernanda Lima-Silva, Rachel Trajber, J. Albuquerque
Extreme weather events are entangled with each other and with other extreme events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-racist protests, drought, a housing crisis, strikes, or climate emergencies, as well as with more general inadequacies due to national, economic, and political upheavals and accreted vulnerabilities from long-term policies or inactions. Effects of extreme weather events are intensified by ongoing social injustices like poverty and structural racism, a housing deficit, and the consequent informal and unplanned occupation of hazardous areas, such as riverbanks, and areas of previous social-environmental disasters. In the context of Brazil, the ongoing deforestation in the Amazon (agribusiness, mining and illegal wood) provoking droughts and energy shortages in the region creates further vulnerabilities that are felt globally. In this paper, our primary contribution to these inter-connected scenarios is to describe methodological interventions that were made in response to COVID-19, and to show how those changes provided new insights into vulnerability processes of both subjects and researchers. During a larger project (Waterproofing Data), focused on the case study research areas of São Paulo and Acre (Brazil) wherein our wider team conducted flood-risk community research, we were forced to rethink our approach. We moved away from the singularity of the flood event and its impacts toward acknowledging the cascading conditions of social vulnerability (caused by weather, health, social and political conditions). In this paper, we directly address the ‘cascade of vulnerabilities’ that the flood-prone communities already encounter when researchers seek to engage with them. We open new avenues to reconsider citizenship, space, and innovation in terms of the key challenges that our methods encountered when conducting participatory flood research methodologies, particularly during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 to November 2021. Through flood research in Brazil, we articulate methodological contributions from the arts, humanities, and social sciences for more realistic, just, and caring research practices within and about weather in the context of ‘slow violence’ [Nixon, R (2013). Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP].
{"title":"From Extreme Weather Events to ‘Cascading Vulnerabilities’: Participatory Flood Research Methodologies in Brazil During COVID-19","authors":"N. Calvillo, Joanne Garde-Hansen, Fernanda Lima-Silva, Rachel Trajber, J. Albuquerque","doi":"10.1142/s2345737622410020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737622410020","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme weather events are entangled with each other and with other extreme events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-racist protests, drought, a housing crisis, strikes, or climate emergencies, as well as with more general inadequacies due to national, economic, and political upheavals and accreted vulnerabilities from long-term policies or inactions. Effects of extreme weather events are intensified by ongoing social injustices like poverty and structural racism, a housing deficit, and the consequent informal and unplanned occupation of hazardous areas, such as riverbanks, and areas of previous social-environmental disasters. In the context of Brazil, the ongoing deforestation in the Amazon (agribusiness, mining and illegal wood) provoking droughts and energy shortages in the region creates further vulnerabilities that are felt globally. In this paper, our primary contribution to these inter-connected scenarios is to describe methodological interventions that were made in response to COVID-19, and to show how those changes provided new insights into vulnerability processes of both subjects and researchers. During a larger project (Waterproofing Data), focused on the case study research areas of São Paulo and Acre (Brazil) wherein our wider team conducted flood-risk community research, we were forced to rethink our approach. We moved away from the singularity of the flood event and its impacts toward acknowledging the cascading conditions of social vulnerability (caused by weather, health, social and political conditions). In this paper, we directly address the ‘cascade of vulnerabilities’ that the flood-prone communities already encounter when researchers seek to engage with them. We open new avenues to reconsider citizenship, space, and innovation in terms of the key challenges that our methods encountered when conducting participatory flood research methodologies, particularly during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 to November 2021. Through flood research in Brazil, we articulate methodological contributions from the arts, humanities, and social sciences for more realistic, just, and caring research practices within and about weather in the context of ‘slow violence’ [Nixon, R (2013). Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP].","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47946923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.1142/s2345737622500026
M. Mbaye, A. Bodian, O. Kimambo, Fabienne Inès Rouamba, Elias Gaveta
Extreme weather and climate events including extreme precipitation have increased in frequency, intensity, and severity due to climate change and hit vulnerable communities disproportionately hard. However, there is a gap in the understanding of the characteristics of extreme precipitation and their effects on socio-economic activities in sub-Saharan Africa societies. The study utilized climate hazards group infrared precipitation with station data (CHIRPS) to analyze the climate characteristics from 1981 to 2019 over Senegal, Burkina Faso, Tanzania, and Malawi. Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and standardized precipitation index (SPI) were used to classify the precipitation and water balance anomalies with respect to the long-term observations. It was found that Burkina Faso and Senegal have a similar climate signal with more rainfall in Burkina Faso. Malawi recorded more rainfall than Tanzania. All the four countries recorded a high rainfall variability of extreme events. Standardized hydro climatic indices have shown that these sub-Saharan countries have suffered severe droughts which have negatively affected the socio-economic activities among the rural populations.
{"title":"Analyses of Past Extremes Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Indices Over Sub-Saharan Countries","authors":"M. Mbaye, A. Bodian, O. Kimambo, Fabienne Inès Rouamba, Elias Gaveta","doi":"10.1142/s2345737622500026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737622500026","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme weather and climate events including extreme precipitation have increased in frequency, intensity, and severity due to climate change and hit vulnerable communities disproportionately hard. However, there is a gap in the understanding of the characteristics of extreme precipitation and their effects on socio-economic activities in sub-Saharan Africa societies. The study utilized climate hazards group infrared precipitation with station data (CHIRPS) to analyze the climate characteristics from 1981 to 2019 over Senegal, Burkina Faso, Tanzania, and Malawi. Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and standardized precipitation index (SPI) were used to classify the precipitation and water balance anomalies with respect to the long-term observations. It was found that Burkina Faso and Senegal have a similar climate signal with more rainfall in Burkina Faso. Malawi recorded more rainfall than Tanzania. All the four countries recorded a high rainfall variability of extreme events. Standardized hydro climatic indices have shown that these sub-Saharan countries have suffered severe droughts which have negatively affected the socio-economic activities among the rural populations.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46083744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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