Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2132182
D. Rolles
ABSTRACT Over the last 20 years, XUV and X-ray free-electron lasers have enabled a wide variety of time-resolved experiments that have dramatically advanced our understanding of ultrafast molecular dynamics on atomic length scales and femtosecond time scales. This review focuses on experimental studies of ultrafast dynamics of atoms and molecules in the gas phase, tracing the development of the field from early proof-of-principle studies to recent pump-probe experiments that elucidate the coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics during photochemical reactions with a temporal resolution that is now extending into the attosecond domain. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Time-resolved experiments on gas-phase atoms and molecules with XUV and X-ray free-electron lasers","authors":"D. Rolles","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2132182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2132182","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the last 20 years, XUV and X-ray free-electron lasers have enabled a wide variety of time-resolved experiments that have dramatically advanced our understanding of ultrafast molecular dynamics on atomic length scales and femtosecond time scales. This review focuses on experimental studies of ultrafast dynamics of atoms and molecules in the gas phase, tracing the development of the field from early proof-of-principle studies to recent pump-probe experiments that elucidate the coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics during photochemical reactions with a temporal resolution that is now extending into the attosecond domain. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46137900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2137433
X. Lai, C. Xia, Renxin Xu
Our world is wonderful because of the normal but negligibly small baryonic part (i.e., atoms) although unknown dark matter and dark energy dominate the Universe. A stable atomic nucleus could be simply termed as ``strong matter'' since its nature is dominated by the fundamental strong interaction. Is there any other form of strong matter? Although nuclei are composed of 2-flavoured (i.e., up and down flavours of valence quarks) nucleons, it is conjectured that bulk strong matter could be 3-flavoured (with additional strange quarks) if the baryon number exceeds the critical value, $A_{rm c}$, in which case quarks could be either free (so-called strange quark matter) or localized (in strangeons, coined by combining ``strange nucleon''). Bulk strong matter could be manifested in the form of compact stars, cosmic rays, and even dark matter. This trinity will be explained in this brief review, that may impact dramatically on today's physics, particularly in the era of multi-messenger astronomy after the discovery of gravitational wave.
{"title":"Bulk strong matter: the trinity","authors":"X. Lai, C. Xia, Renxin Xu","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2137433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2137433","url":null,"abstract":"Our world is wonderful because of the normal but negligibly small baryonic part (i.e., atoms) although unknown dark matter and dark energy dominate the Universe. A stable atomic nucleus could be simply termed as ``strong matter'' since its nature is dominated by the fundamental strong interaction. Is there any other form of strong matter? Although nuclei are composed of 2-flavoured (i.e., up and down flavours of valence quarks) nucleons, it is conjectured that bulk strong matter could be 3-flavoured (with additional strange quarks) if the baryon number exceeds the critical value, $A_{rm c}$, in which case quarks could be either free (so-called strange quark matter) or localized (in strangeons, coined by combining ``strange nucleon''). Bulk strong matter could be manifested in the form of compact stars, cosmic rays, and even dark matter. This trinity will be explained in this brief review, that may impact dramatically on today's physics, particularly in the era of multi-messenger astronomy after the discovery of gravitational wave.","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45803361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2120416
E. Cinquanta, Eva A. A. Pogna, L. Gatto, S. Stagira, C. Vozzi
ABSTRACT In this review, we discuss the rich ultrafast response at terahertz (THz) frequencies of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Thanks to their unique optoelectronic properties and exceptional tunability, van der Waals organic and inorganic 2D materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and 2D perovskites, are emerging as promising platforms for the development of nano-electronic and nano-photonic devices in the THz range. The investigation of the ultrafast charge carriers dynamics resulting from their reduced dimensionality is crucial for guiding the engineering route towards novel nanotechnologies. Here, we first give a brief overview of the state-of-the-art experimental schemes for inspecting the ultrafast response of 2D materials in the THz range, including the generation and the detection of THz light and the prototypical optical pump THz probe setup. Then, we present and discuss the most relevant results, reviewing the THz ultrafast signatures of charge carriers and excitons dynamics in graphene, TMDs, and 2D perovskites. Finally, we provide a vision of the emerging tools for characterizing the ultrafast THz dynamics at the nanoscale. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Charge carrier dynamics in 2D materials probed by ultrafast THzspectroscopy","authors":"E. Cinquanta, Eva A. A. Pogna, L. Gatto, S. Stagira, C. Vozzi","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2120416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2120416","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this review, we discuss the rich ultrafast response at terahertz (THz) frequencies of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Thanks to their unique optoelectronic properties and exceptional tunability, van der Waals organic and inorganic 2D materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and 2D perovskites, are emerging as promising platforms for the development of nano-electronic and nano-photonic devices in the THz range. The investigation of the ultrafast charge carriers dynamics resulting from their reduced dimensionality is crucial for guiding the engineering route towards novel nanotechnologies. Here, we first give a brief overview of the state-of-the-art experimental schemes for inspecting the ultrafast response of 2D materials in the THz range, including the generation and the detection of THz light and the prototypical optical pump THz probe setup. Then, we present and discuss the most relevant results, reviewing the THz ultrafast signatures of charge carriers and excitons dynamics in graphene, TMDs, and 2D perovskites. Finally, we provide a vision of the emerging tools for characterizing the ultrafast THz dynamics at the nanoscale. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48566544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2127330
D. Nelli, Cesare Roncaglia, C. Minnai
ABSTRACT The deformation of interatomic distances with respect to those of the perfect crystal generates atomic-level strain. In nanoalloys, strain can arise because of finite size, morphology, domain structure and lattice mismatch between their atomic compounds. Strain can strongly affect the functional properties of nanoalloys, as it alters their electronic energy levels. Moreover, atomic-level strain generates atomic-level stress, which in turn results in distortions induced by strain. When the stress accumulated in a nanoalloy exceeds a certain level, the particle can relax that stress by undergoing structural transitions such as shape and/or chemical ordering transitions. Atomic-level strain is then a powerful tool to control and manipulate the structural and functional properties of nanoalloys. This requires a combined theoretical and experimental approach both to deeply understand the physical origin of strain, and to characterize it with a sub-angstrom resolution. Here, we present a theoretical analysis of the main sources of strain in nanoalloys, we analyse how atomic-level strain can be experimentally measured with transmission electron microscopy, we discuss its effect on the functional properties of nanoalloys, finally we describe how atomic-level stress arises from atomic-level strain, and how stress can induce structural transformations at the nanoscale. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Strain engineering in alloy nanoparticles","authors":"D. Nelli, Cesare Roncaglia, C. Minnai","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2127330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2127330","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The deformation of interatomic distances with respect to those of the perfect crystal generates atomic-level strain. In nanoalloys, strain can arise because of finite size, morphology, domain structure and lattice mismatch between their atomic compounds. Strain can strongly affect the functional properties of nanoalloys, as it alters their electronic energy levels. Moreover, atomic-level strain generates atomic-level stress, which in turn results in distortions induced by strain. When the stress accumulated in a nanoalloy exceeds a certain level, the particle can relax that stress by undergoing structural transitions such as shape and/or chemical ordering transitions. Atomic-level strain is then a powerful tool to control and manipulate the structural and functional properties of nanoalloys. This requires a combined theoretical and experimental approach both to deeply understand the physical origin of strain, and to characterize it with a sub-angstrom resolution. Here, we present a theoretical analysis of the main sources of strain in nanoalloys, we analyse how atomic-level strain can be experimentally measured with transmission electron microscopy, we discuss its effect on the functional properties of nanoalloys, finally we describe how atomic-level stress arises from atomic-level strain, and how stress can induce structural transformations at the nanoscale. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46090496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2123283
M. Hervé, A. Boyer, R. Brédy, I. Compagnon, F. Lépine
ABSTRACT Gas phase experiments combined with ultrafast technologies can provide information on the intrinsic properties of molecular systems at picosecond, femtosecond, or even attosecond timescales. However, these experiments are often limited to relatively simple model systems. In this context, electrospray ionization sources (ESI) have offered new perspectives as they allow to produce large or fragile molecular ions in the gas phase, mimicking molecules in their natural environment. While time-resolved UV-visible ultrafast experiments on molecular ions have been successfully developed over the past decades, efforts are still required to perform experiments using ultrashort extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses with the goal of reaching attosecond resolution. In this article, we present recent results obtained using the combination of ultrafast technologies and ESI sources. We show that ultrafast dynamics experiments can be performed on molecular ions without ion trapping devices and can reveal UV-induced charge transfer in small peptides with controlled micro-environment. Non-adiabatic relaxation dynamics in large (bio)molecular ions is also presented. Such experiments are compatible with high harmonic generation XUV sources as shown here in the case of a metal complex. These ultrafast dynamics studies on large molecular ions offer new perspectives in attosecond science. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Ultrafast dynamics in molecular ions following UV and XUV excitation: a perspective","authors":"M. Hervé, A. Boyer, R. Brédy, I. Compagnon, F. Lépine","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2123283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2123283","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Gas phase experiments combined with ultrafast technologies can provide information on the intrinsic properties of molecular systems at picosecond, femtosecond, or even attosecond timescales. However, these experiments are often limited to relatively simple model systems. In this context, electrospray ionization sources (ESI) have offered new perspectives as they allow to produce large or fragile molecular ions in the gas phase, mimicking molecules in their natural environment. While time-resolved UV-visible ultrafast experiments on molecular ions have been successfully developed over the past decades, efforts are still required to perform experiments using ultrashort extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses with the goal of reaching attosecond resolution. In this article, we present recent results obtained using the combination of ultrafast technologies and ESI sources. We show that ultrafast dynamics experiments can be performed on molecular ions without ion trapping devices and can reveal UV-induced charge transfer in small peptides with controlled micro-environment. Non-adiabatic relaxation dynamics in large (bio)molecular ions is also presented. Such experiments are compatible with high harmonic generation XUV sources as shown here in the case of a metal complex. These ultrafast dynamics studies on large molecular ions offer new perspectives in attosecond science. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47707885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2097020
Kaustubh Vyas, D. Espinosa, Daniel Hutama, S. K. Jain, Rania Mahjoub, E. Mobini, Kashif M. Awan, J. Lundeen, K. Dolgaleva
ABSTRACT Group III–V semiconductors are based on the elements of groups III and V of the periodic table. The possibility to grow thin-films made of binary, ternary, and quaternary III–V alloys with different fractions of their constituent elements allows for the precise engineering of their optical properties. In addition, since many III–V compounds are direct-bandgap semiconductors, they are suitable for the development of photonic devices and integrated circuits, especially when monolithic integration is required. Moreover, the strong optical nonlinearities of III–V materials enable a fertile field of research in photonic devices for all-optical signal processing, wavelength conversion, and frequency generation. Experimentally accessing the plethora of nonlinear optical phenomena in these materials considerably facilitates the exploration of light-matter interactions. Several demonstrations have explored the optical nonlinearities in waveguides, microring resonators, photonic crystal structures, quantum dots, and lasers. In this review, we survey numerous nonlinear optical studies performed in III–V semiconductor waveguide platforms. In particular, we discuss linear and nonlinear optical properties, material growth and fabrication processes, newer hybrid material platforms, and several nonlinear optical applications of III–V semiconductor integrated optical platforms. Graphical abstract
III - V族半导体是基于元素周期表中III族和V族的元素。由二元、三元和四元III-V合金制成的薄膜，其组成元素的不同比例使得其光学特性的精确工程成为可能。此外，由于许多III-V化合物是直接带隙半导体，因此它们适用于光子器件和集成电路的开发，特别是当需要单片集成时。此外，III-V材料的强光学非线性为全光信号处理、波长转换和频率产生的光子器件的研究提供了肥沃的领域。通过实验获取这些材料中大量的非线性光学现象，极大地促进了光-物质相互作用的探索。一些演示已经探索了波导、微环谐振器、光子晶体结构、量子点和激光器中的光学非线性。在这篇综述中，我们调查了在III-V半导体波导平台上进行的许多非线性光学研究。我们特别讨论了线性和非线性光学特性，材料生长和制造工艺，新型混合材料平台，以及III-V半导体集成光学平台的几种非线性光学应用。图形抽象
{"title":"Group III-V semiconductors as promising nonlinear integrated photonic platforms","authors":"Kaustubh Vyas, D. Espinosa, Daniel Hutama, S. K. Jain, Rania Mahjoub, E. Mobini, Kashif M. Awan, J. Lundeen, K. Dolgaleva","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2097020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2097020","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Group III–V semiconductors are based on the elements of groups III and V of the periodic table. The possibility to grow thin-films made of binary, ternary, and quaternary III–V alloys with different fractions of their constituent elements allows for the precise engineering of their optical properties. In addition, since many III–V compounds are direct-bandgap semiconductors, they are suitable for the development of photonic devices and integrated circuits, especially when monolithic integration is required. Moreover, the strong optical nonlinearities of III–V materials enable a fertile field of research in photonic devices for all-optical signal processing, wavelength conversion, and frequency generation. Experimentally accessing the plethora of nonlinear optical phenomena in these materials considerably facilitates the exploration of light-matter interactions. Several demonstrations have explored the optical nonlinearities in waveguides, microring resonators, photonic crystal structures, quantum dots, and lasers. In this review, we survey numerous nonlinear optical studies performed in III–V semiconductor waveguide platforms. In particular, we discuss linear and nonlinear optical properties, material growth and fabrication processes, newer hybrid material platforms, and several nonlinear optical applications of III–V semiconductor integrated optical platforms. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47651742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2099635
Richard E Palmer
{"title":"William Shakespeare’s advice on our journal","authors":"Richard E Palmer","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2099635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2099635","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45318222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2023.2202331
D. Leykam, D. Angelakis
ABSTRACT Topological data analysis refers to approaches for systematically and reliably computing abstract ‘shapes’ of complex data sets. There are various applications of topological data analysis in life and data sciences, with growing interest among physicists. We present a concise review of applications of topological data analysis to physics and machine learning problems in physics including the unsupervised detection of phase transitions. We finish with a preview of anticipated directions for future research. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Topological data analysis and machine learning","authors":"D. Leykam, D. Angelakis","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2023.2202331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2023.2202331","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Topological data analysis refers to approaches for systematically and reliably computing abstract ‘shapes’ of complex data sets. There are various applications of topological data analysis in life and data sciences, with growing interest among physicists. We present a concise review of applications of topological data analysis to physics and machine learning problems in physics including the unsupervised detection of phase transitions. We finish with a preview of anticipated directions for future research. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60110725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2090856
K. Karki, M. Ciappina
ABSTRACT Since its first implementation in 2006, in fluorescence detected Fourier transform excitation spectroscopy of rubidium atoms, phase modulation is being increasingly used in nonlinear spectroscopy. Some of the important features of the technique are the excitation spectroscopy using signals that are relevant to photoactive devices (fluorescence and photocurrent), prospect of nonlinear spectroscopy of isolated systems such as single quantum dots or molecules, multidimensional spectroscopy, investigation of higher order recombination processes in semiconductors, etc. Although most of applications of phase modulated light fields have been on nonlinear spectroscopy in the perturbative regime, few efforts have been made recently to use it in the nonperturbative regime. In this review, we discuss the development of the technique since its inception, recent advances and future applications in strong field laser–matter interactions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Advances in nonlinear spectroscopy using phase modulated light fields: prospective applications in perturbative and non-perturbative regimes","authors":"K. Karki, M. Ciappina","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2090856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2090856","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since its first implementation in 2006, in fluorescence detected Fourier transform excitation spectroscopy of rubidium atoms, phase modulation is being increasingly used in nonlinear spectroscopy. Some of the important features of the technique are the excitation spectroscopy using signals that are relevant to photoactive devices (fluorescence and photocurrent), prospect of nonlinear spectroscopy of isolated systems such as single quantum dots or molecules, multidimensional spectroscopy, investigation of higher order recombination processes in semiconductors, etc. Although most of applications of phase modulated light fields have been on nonlinear spectroscopy in the perturbative regime, few efforts have been made recently to use it in the nonperturbative regime. In this review, we discuss the development of the technique since its inception, recent advances and future applications in strong field laser–matter interactions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46898620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2064231
M. Andersen
ABSTRACT Tightly focused laser beams form optical tweezers that can hold and manipulate individual atoms. They give superb control over microscopic quantum systems and have paved the way for bottom up assembly of few-atom systems. Such assembled systems provide an ideal starting point for many fundamental studies of atomic interactions and few-atom phenomena. Here we review the present stage of these fields, as well as some of the basic experimental techniques required for these experiments Figure from [74]. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Optical tweezers for a bottom-up assembly of few-atom systems","authors":"M. Andersen","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2064231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2064231","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tightly focused laser beams form optical tweezers that can hold and manipulate individual atoms. They give superb control over microscopic quantum systems and have paved the way for bottom up assembly of few-atom systems. Such assembled systems provide an ideal starting point for many fundamental studies of atomic interactions and few-atom phenomena. Here we review the present stage of these fields, as well as some of the basic experimental techniques required for these experiments Figure from [74]. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47005643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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