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Charge carrier dynamics in 2D materials probed by ultrafast THzspectroscopy 超快太赫兹光谱探测二维材料中的载流子动力学
IF 6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2120416
E. Cinquanta, Eva A. A. Pogna, L. Gatto, S. Stagira, C. Vozzi
ABSTRACT In this review, we discuss the rich ultrafast response at terahertz (THz) frequencies of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Thanks to their unique optoelectronic properties and exceptional tunability, van der Waals organic and inorganic 2D materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and 2D perovskites, are emerging as promising platforms for the development of nano-electronic and nano-photonic devices in the THz range. The investigation of the ultrafast charge carriers dynamics resulting from their reduced dimensionality is crucial for guiding the engineering route towards novel nanotechnologies. Here, we first give a brief overview of the state-of-the-art experimental schemes for inspecting the ultrafast response of 2D materials in the THz range, including the generation and the detection of THz light and the prototypical optical pump THz probe setup. Then, we present and discuss the most relevant results, reviewing the THz ultrafast signatures of charge carriers and excitons dynamics in graphene, TMDs, and 2D perovskites. Finally, we provide a vision of the emerging tools for characterizing the ultrafast THz dynamics at the nanoscale. Graphical Abstract
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引用次数: 2
Strain engineering in alloy nanoparticles 合金纳米颗粒的应变工程
IF 6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2127330
D. Nelli, Cesare Roncaglia, C. Minnai
ABSTRACT The deformation of interatomic distances with respect to those of the perfect crystal generates atomic-level strain. In nanoalloys, strain can arise because of finite size, morphology, domain structure and lattice mismatch between their atomic compounds. Strain can strongly affect the functional properties of nanoalloys, as it alters their electronic energy levels. Moreover, atomic-level strain generates atomic-level stress, which in turn results in distortions induced by strain. When the stress accumulated in a nanoalloy exceeds a certain level, the particle can relax that stress by undergoing structural transitions such as shape and/or chemical ordering transitions. Atomic-level strain is then a powerful tool to control and manipulate the structural and functional properties of nanoalloys. This requires a combined theoretical and experimental approach both to deeply understand the physical origin of strain, and to characterize it with a sub-angstrom resolution. Here, we present a theoretical analysis of the main sources of strain in nanoalloys, we analyse how atomic-level strain can be experimentally measured with transmission electron microscopy, we discuss its effect on the functional properties of nanoalloys, finally we describe how atomic-level stress arises from atomic-level strain, and how stress can induce structural transformations at the nanoscale. Graphical abstract
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引用次数: 12
Ultrafast dynamics in molecular ions following UV and XUV excitation: a perspective UV和XUV激发下分子离子的超快动力学
IF 6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2123283
M. Hervé, A. Boyer, R. Brédy, I. Compagnon, F. Lépine
ABSTRACT Gas phase experiments combined with ultrafast technologies can provide information on the intrinsic properties of molecular systems at picosecond, femtosecond, or even attosecond timescales. However, these experiments are often limited to relatively simple model systems. In this context, electrospray ionization sources (ESI) have offered new perspectives as they allow to produce large or fragile molecular ions in the gas phase, mimicking molecules in their natural environment. While time-resolved UV-visible ultrafast experiments on molecular ions have been successfully developed over the past decades, efforts are still required to perform experiments using ultrashort extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses with the goal of reaching attosecond resolution. In this article, we present recent results obtained using the combination of ultrafast technologies and ESI sources. We show that ultrafast dynamics experiments can be performed on molecular ions without ion trapping devices and can reveal UV-induced charge transfer in small peptides with controlled micro-environment. Non-adiabatic relaxation dynamics in large (bio)molecular ions is also presented. Such experiments are compatible with high harmonic generation XUV sources as shown here in the case of a metal complex. These ultrafast dynamics studies on large molecular ions offer new perspectives in attosecond science. Graphical abstract
摘要气相实验与超快技术相结合,可以在皮秒、飞秒甚至阿秒时间尺度上提供分子系统固有特性的信息。然而,这些实验通常局限于相对简单的模型系统。在这种情况下,电喷雾电离源(ESI)提供了新的视角,因为它们可以在气相中产生大的或脆弱的分子离子,模仿自然环境中的分子。尽管在过去几十年中已经成功地开发了分子离子的时间分辨紫外-可见超快实验,但仍需要努力使用超短极紫外(XUV)脉冲进行实验,以达到阿秒分辨率。在这篇文章中,我们介绍了使用超快技术和ESI源相结合获得的最新结果。我们表明,在没有离子捕获装置的情况下,可以在分子离子上进行超快动力学实验,并且可以在受控的微环境下揭示小肽中紫外线诱导的电荷转移。还介绍了大分子(生物)离子中的非绝热弛豫动力学。这样的实验与高谐波产生XUV源兼容,如这里在金属络合物的情况下所示。这些对大分子离子的超快动力学研究为阿秒科学提供了新的视角。图形摘要
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引用次数: 0
Group III-V semiconductors as promising nonlinear integrated photonic platforms III-V族半导体作为有前途的非线性集成光子平台
IF 6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2097020
Kaustubh Vyas, D. Espinosa, Daniel Hutama, S. K. Jain, Rania Mahjoub, E. Mobini, Kashif M. Awan, J. Lundeen, K. Dolgaleva
ABSTRACT Group III–V semiconductors are based on the elements of groups III and V of the periodic table. The possibility to grow thin-films made of binary, ternary, and quaternary III–V alloys with different fractions of their constituent elements allows for the precise engineering of their optical properties. In addition, since many III–V compounds are direct-bandgap semiconductors, they are suitable for the development of photonic devices and integrated circuits, especially when monolithic integration is required. Moreover, the strong optical nonlinearities of III–V materials enable a fertile field of research in photonic devices for all-optical signal processing, wavelength conversion, and frequency generation. Experimentally accessing the plethora of nonlinear optical phenomena in these materials considerably facilitates the exploration of light-matter interactions. Several demonstrations have explored the optical nonlinearities in waveguides, microring resonators, photonic crystal structures, quantum dots, and lasers. In this review, we survey numerous nonlinear optical studies performed in III–V semiconductor waveguide platforms. In particular, we discuss linear and nonlinear optical properties, material growth and fabrication processes, newer hybrid material platforms, and several nonlinear optical applications of III–V semiconductor integrated optical platforms. Graphical abstract
III - V族半导体是基于元素周期表中III族和V族的元素。由二元、三元和四元III-V合金制成的薄膜,其组成元素的不同比例使得其光学特性的精确工程成为可能。此外,由于许多III-V化合物是直接带隙半导体,因此它们适用于光子器件和集成电路的开发,特别是当需要单片集成时。此外,III-V材料的强光学非线性为全光信号处理、波长转换和频率产生的光子器件的研究提供了肥沃的领域。通过实验获取这些材料中大量的非线性光学现象,极大地促进了光-物质相互作用的探索。一些演示已经探索了波导、微环谐振器、光子晶体结构、量子点和激光器中的光学非线性。在这篇综述中,我们调查了在III-V半导体波导平台上进行的许多非线性光学研究。我们特别讨论了线性和非线性光学特性,材料生长和制造工艺,新型混合材料平台,以及III-V半导体集成光学平台的几种非线性光学应用。图形抽象
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引用次数: 9
William Shakespeare’s advice on our journal 威廉·莎士比亚对我们日记的建议
IF 6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2099635
Richard E Palmer
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引用次数: 0
Topological data analysis and machine learning 拓扑数据分析和机器学习
IF 6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2023.2202331
D. Leykam, D. Angelakis
ABSTRACT Topological data analysis refers to approaches for systematically and reliably computing abstract ‘shapes’ of complex data sets. There are various applications of topological data analysis in life and data sciences, with growing interest among physicists. We present a concise review of applications of topological data analysis to physics and machine learning problems in physics including the unsupervised detection of phase transitions. We finish with a preview of anticipated directions for future research. Graphical abstract
拓扑数据分析是指系统可靠地计算复杂数据集的抽象“形状”的方法。拓扑数据分析在生命科学和数据科学中有各种各样的应用,物理学家对此越来越感兴趣。我们简要回顾了拓扑数据分析在物理和物理中的机器学习问题中的应用,包括相变的无监督检测。最后,我们展望了未来研究的预期方向。图形抽象
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引用次数: 6
Advances in nonlinear spectroscopy using phase modulated light fields: prospective applications in perturbative and non-perturbative regimes 相位调制光场非线性光谱学研究进展:在微扰和非微扰领域的应用前景
IF 6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2090856
K. Karki, M. Ciappina
ABSTRACT Since its first implementation in 2006, in fluorescence detected Fourier transform excitation spectroscopy of rubidium atoms, phase modulation is being increasingly used in nonlinear spectroscopy. Some of the important features of the technique are the excitation spectroscopy using signals that are relevant to photoactive devices (fluorescence and photocurrent), prospect of nonlinear spectroscopy of isolated systems such as single quantum dots or molecules, multidimensional spectroscopy, investigation of higher order recombination processes in semiconductors, etc. Although most of applications of phase modulated light fields have been on nonlinear spectroscopy in the perturbative regime, few efforts have been made recently to use it in the nonperturbative regime. In this review, we discuss the development of the technique since its inception, recent advances and future applications in strong field laser–matter interactions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
自2006年首次实现以来,在荧光检测铷原子的傅里叶变换激发光谱中,相位调制越来越多地用于非线性光谱。该技术的一些重要特点是使用与光活性器件(荧光和光电流)相关的信号的激发光谱,孤立系统(如单量子点或分子)的非线性光谱的前景,多维光谱,半导体中高阶复合过程的研究等。虽然相位调制光场的大部分应用都是在微扰条件下的非线性光谱学上,但在非微扰条件下的应用却很少。在本文中,我们讨论了该技术的发展,自成立以来,最近的进展和未来的应用在强场激光物质相互作用。图形抽象
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引用次数: 6
Optical tweezers for a bottom-up assembly of few-atom systems 用于自底向上组装少原子系统的光镊子
IF 6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2064231
M. Andersen
ABSTRACT Tightly focused laser beams form optical tweezers that can hold and manipulate individual atoms. They give superb control over microscopic quantum systems and have paved the way for bottom up assembly of few-atom systems. Such assembled systems provide an ideal starting point for many fundamental studies of atomic interactions and few-atom phenomena. Here we review the present stage of these fields, as well as some of the basic experimental techniques required for these experiments Figure from [74]. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
紧密聚焦的激光束形成光学镊子,可以夹住和操纵单个原子。它们对微观量子系统提供了极好的控制,并为少数原子系统的自下而上组装铺平了道路。这样的组装系统为原子相互作用和少原子现象的许多基础研究提供了理想的起点。在这里,我们回顾了这些领域的当前阶段,以及这些实验所需的一些基本实验技术图[74]。图形摘要
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引用次数: 3
A review on non-Hermitian skin effect 非厄米集肤效应研究进展
IF 6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2109431
Xiujuan Zhang, Tian Zhang, Ming-Hui Lu, Yan-Feng Chen
ABSTRACT The past decades have witnessed the flourishing of non-Hermitian physics in non-conservative systems, leading to unprecedented phenomena of unidirectional invisibility, enhanced sensitivity and more recently the novel topological features such as bulk Fermi arcs. Among them, growing efforts have been invested to an intriguing phenomenon, known as the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). Here, we review the recent progress in this emerging field. By starting from the one-dimensional (1D) case, the fundamental concepts of NHSE, its minimal model, the physical meanings and consequences are elaborated in details. In particular, we discuss the NHSE enriched by lattice symmetries, which gives rise to unique non-Hermitian topological properties with revised bulk-boundary correspondence (BBC) and new definitions of topological invariants. Then we extend the discussions to two and higher dimensions, where dimensional surprises enable even more versatile NH.SE phenomena. Extensions of NHSE assisted with extra degrees of freedom such as long-range coupling, pseudospins, magnetism, non-linearity and crystal defects are also reviewed. This is followed by the contemporary experimental progress for NHSE. Finally, we provide the outlooks to possible future directions and developments. Graphical Abstract
在过去的几十年里,非厄米物理在非保守系统中蓬勃发展,导致了前所未有的单向不可见现象,提高了灵敏度,最近又出现了新的拓扑特征,如体费米弧。其中,越来越多的努力已经投入到一个有趣的现象,被称为非厄米皮肤效应(NHSE)。在此,我们回顾了这一新兴领域的最新进展。从一维(1D)情况出发,详细阐述了NHSE的基本概念、最小模型、物理意义和后果。特别地,我们讨论了由晶格对称性丰富的NHSE,它产生了具有修正的体边界对应(BBC)和拓扑不变量的新定义的独特的非厄米拓扑性质。然后我们将讨论扩展到二维和更高的维度,其中维度惊喜可以实现更通用的NH。SE现象。本文还评述了在额外自由度的辅助下NHSE的扩展,如远程耦合、伪自旋、磁性、非线性和晶体缺陷。随后是当代NHSE的实验进展。最后,我们对未来可能的方向和发展进行了展望。图形抽象
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引用次数: 61
Recent advances on time-stretch dispersive Fourier transform and its applications 时间拉伸色散傅立叶变换及其应用研究进展
IF 6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2067487
T. Godin, L. Sader, Anahita Khodadad Kashi, Pierre-Henry Hanzard, A. Hideur, D. Moss, R. Morandotti, G. Genty, J. Dudley, A. Pasquazi, M. Kues, B. Wetzel
ABSTRACT The need to measure high repetition rate ultrafast processes cuts across multiple areas of science. The last decade has seen tremendous advances in the development and application of new techniques in this field, as well as many breakthrough achievements analyzing non-repetitive optical phenomena. Several approaches now provide convenient access to single-shot optical waveform characterization, including the dispersive Fourier transform (DFT) and time-lens techniques, which yield real-time ultrafast characterization in the spectral and temporal domains, respectively. These complementary approaches have already proven to be highly successful to gain insight into numerous optical phenomena including the emergence of extreme events and characterizing the complexity of laser evolution dynamics. However, beyond the study of these fundamental processes, real-time measurements have also been driven by particular applications ranging from spectroscopy to velocimetry, while shedding new light in areas spanning ultrafast imaging, metrology or even quantum science. Here, we review a number of landmark results obtained using DFT-based technologies, including several recent advances and key selected applications. GraphicalAbstract
摘要测量高重复率超快过程的需求涉及多个科学领域。在过去的十年里,该领域新技术的发展和应用取得了巨大进展,在分析非重复光学现象方面也取得了许多突破性成果。现在有几种方法提供了对单次光学波形表征的方便访问,包括色散傅立叶变换(DFT)和时间透镜技术,它们分别在光谱域和时域中产生实时超快表征。这些互补的方法已经被证明是非常成功的,可以深入了解许多光学现象,包括极端事件的出现和表征激光进化动力学的复杂性。然而,除了对这些基本过程的研究之外,实时测量还受到从光谱学到测速技术等特定应用的驱动,同时在超快成像、计量学甚至量子科学领域也有了新的发展。在这里,我们回顾了使用基于DFT的技术获得的一些具有里程碑意义的结果,包括一些最新进展和关键的选定应用。图形摘要
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引用次数: 13
期刊
Advances in Physics: X
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