Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2020.1867637
Yasunori Tanaka
ABSTRACT This paper explains recent developments in the field of inductively coupled thermal plasmas (ICTP or ITP) used for materials processing. Inductive coupling technique is important to produce thermal plasma with high gas temperature at high pressures. Conventional cylindrical ICTP was developed originally in the 1960s by T. Reed. It remains widely used for different materials processing today, with almost identical configuration to the original version. Through some revision and improved functionalization, ICTPs of several kinds such as DC–RF hybrid ICTP have also been developed. They are also widely adopted for processing of various materials because of their various benefits. Inductively coupled plasma at low pressures are not treated herein: only thermal plasma with high enthalpy. One is modulated induction thermal plasma (MITP), which has a function of controlling the temperature and chemical active fields in the time domain. Another development in ICTP includes changes in the ICTP configuration such as a planar-ICTP and loop-ICTP. These were developed for large-area materials processing. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Recent development of new inductively coupled thermal plasmas for materials processing","authors":"Yasunori Tanaka","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2020.1867637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2020.1867637","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explains recent developments in the field of inductively coupled thermal plasmas (ICTP or ITP) used for materials processing. Inductive coupling technique is important to produce thermal plasma with high gas temperature at high pressures. Conventional cylindrical ICTP was developed originally in the 1960s by T. Reed. It remains widely used for different materials processing today, with almost identical configuration to the original version. Through some revision and improved functionalization, ICTPs of several kinds such as DC–RF hybrid ICTP have also been developed. They are also widely adopted for processing of various materials because of their various benefits. Inductively coupled plasma at low pressures are not treated herein: only thermal plasma with high enthalpy. One is modulated induction thermal plasma (MITP), which has a function of controlling the temperature and chemical active fields in the time domain. Another development in ICTP includes changes in the ICTP configuration such as a planar-ICTP and loop-ICTP. These were developed for large-area materials processing. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23746149.2020.1867637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43334899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1918022
Woojae Kim, A. Musser
ABSTRACT A multitude of ultrafast photoinduced reactions in organic semiconductors are governed by the close interplay between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom. From biological light-harvesting and photoprotection to organic solar cells, the critical electronic dynamics are often precisely synchronized with and driven by nuclear motions, in a breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Ultrafast time-domain Raman methods exploit impulsive excitation to generate nuclear wavepackets and track their coherent evolution through these reaction pathways in real time. This tool of vibrational coherence has recently been applied to study singlet fission, a carrier multiplication process with the potential to boost solar cell efficiencies which has been under intense mechanistic investigation for the past decade. In this review, we present the essential features of the spectroscopic techniques and discuss how they have been used to elaborate a new perspective on the singlet fission mechanism. It is now established that ultrafast triplet-pair formation is driven by vibronic coupling, whether fission is exothermic or endothermic, and thus that full understanding of singlet fission requires explicit consideration of nuclear dynamics. Despite broad qualitative agreement between different vibrational coherence methods, differences in the detailed observations and interpretation raise important questions and pose new challenges for future research. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Tracking ultrafast reactions in organic materials through vibrational coherence: vibronic coupling mechanisms in singlet fission","authors":"Woojae Kim, A. Musser","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.1918022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.1918022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A multitude of ultrafast photoinduced reactions in organic semiconductors are governed by the close interplay between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom. From biological light-harvesting and photoprotection to organic solar cells, the critical electronic dynamics are often precisely synchronized with and driven by nuclear motions, in a breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Ultrafast time-domain Raman methods exploit impulsive excitation to generate nuclear wavepackets and track their coherent evolution through these reaction pathways in real time. This tool of vibrational coherence has recently been applied to study singlet fission, a carrier multiplication process with the potential to boost solar cell efficiencies which has been under intense mechanistic investigation for the past decade. In this review, we present the essential features of the spectroscopic techniques and discuss how they have been used to elaborate a new perspective on the singlet fission mechanism. It is now established that ultrafast triplet-pair formation is driven by vibronic coupling, whether fission is exothermic or endothermic, and thus that full understanding of singlet fission requires explicit consideration of nuclear dynamics. Despite broad qualitative agreement between different vibrational coherence methods, differences in the detailed observations and interpretation raise important questions and pose new challenges for future research. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23746149.2021.1918022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43935907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1878931
Jinghui Wang, Yueshen Wu, Xiang Zhou, Yifei Li, Bolun Teng, P. Dong, Jiadian He, Yiwen Zhang, Yifan Ding, Jun Li
ABSTRACT Despite more than ten years of extensive research, the superconducting mechanism of iron-based superconductors (FeSCs) is still an open question. Generally, the high-temperature superconductivity is often observed with suppression of magnetic ordering, spin-density-wave, or even the structure transition by carrier doping. Furthermore, an electronic state ordering is also observed at temperatures close to or even above these transitions. Due to its proximity to the superconducting state and disappearance near the optimal superconductivity, it has been also suggested to interplay with superconductivity on a phenomenological level. Nevertheless, there is still no direct evidence to bridge the superconductivity to these transitions. Recently, another nematic order was observed in the superconducting state of heavily hole-doped compound AFe As (A = K, Rb, Cs), providing a possibility to explore the superconductivity gap symmetry nature. Here, by reviewing the recent experimental progresses on the nematic superconductivity in the FeSCs, we will introduce the progresses by various methods including the quasi-particle interference from scanning tunneling microscope, anisotropic gap magnitudes from angular resolved photoemission, the upper critical field and the superconducting transition temperatures from transport measurements. In addition, some recent reports and theoretical explanations for experimental results are followed. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Progress of nematic superconductivity in iron-based superconductors","authors":"Jinghui Wang, Yueshen Wu, Xiang Zhou, Yifei Li, Bolun Teng, P. Dong, Jiadian He, Yiwen Zhang, Yifan Ding, Jun Li","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.1878931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.1878931","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite more than ten years of extensive research, the superconducting mechanism of iron-based superconductors (FeSCs) is still an open question. Generally, the high-temperature superconductivity is often observed with suppression of magnetic ordering, spin-density-wave, or even the structure transition by carrier doping. Furthermore, an electronic state ordering is also observed at temperatures close to or even above these transitions. Due to its proximity to the superconducting state and disappearance near the optimal superconductivity, it has been also suggested to interplay with superconductivity on a phenomenological level. Nevertheless, there is still no direct evidence to bridge the superconductivity to these transitions. Recently, another nematic order was observed in the superconducting state of heavily hole-doped compound AFe As (A = K, Rb, Cs), providing a possibility to explore the superconductivity gap symmetry nature. Here, by reviewing the recent experimental progresses on the nematic superconductivity in the FeSCs, we will introduce the progresses by various methods including the quasi-particle interference from scanning tunneling microscope, anisotropic gap magnitudes from angular resolved photoemission, the upper critical field and the superconducting transition temperatures from transport measurements. In addition, some recent reports and theoretical explanations for experimental results are followed. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23746149.2021.1878931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44129032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1912638
G. Tirimbò, B. Baumeier
ABSTRACT Excitons, or coupled electron-hole excitations, are important both for fundamental optical properties of materials as well as and for the functionality of materials in opto-electronic devices. Depending on the material they are created in, excitons can come in many forms, from Wannier–Mott excitons in inorganic semiconductors, to molecular Frenkel or bi-molecular charge-transfer excitons in disordered organic or biological heterostructures. This multitude of materials and exciton types poses tremendous challenges for ab initio modeling. Following a brief overview of typical ab initio techniques, we summarize our recent work based on Many-Body Green’s Functions Theory in the GW approximation and Bethe–Salpeter Equation (BSE) as a method applicable to a wide range of material classes from perfect crystals to disordered materials. In particular, we emphasize the current challenges of embedding this GW-BSE method into multi-method, mixed quantum-classical (QM/MM) models for organic materials and illustrate them with examples from organic photovoltaics and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our perspectives on future studies are also presented. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Ab initio modeling of excitons: from perfect crystals to biomaterials","authors":"G. Tirimbò, B. Baumeier","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.1912638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.1912638","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Excitons, or coupled electron-hole excitations, are important both for fundamental optical properties of materials as well as and for the functionality of materials in opto-electronic devices. Depending on the material they are created in, excitons can come in many forms, from Wannier–Mott excitons in inorganic semiconductors, to molecular Frenkel or bi-molecular charge-transfer excitons in disordered organic or biological heterostructures. This multitude of materials and exciton types poses tremendous challenges for ab initio modeling. Following a brief overview of typical ab initio techniques, we summarize our recent work based on Many-Body Green’s Functions Theory in the GW approximation and Bethe–Salpeter Equation (BSE) as a method applicable to a wide range of material classes from perfect crystals to disordered materials. In particular, we emphasize the current challenges of embedding this GW-BSE method into multi-method, mixed quantum-classical (QM/MM) models for organic materials and illustrate them with examples from organic photovoltaics and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our perspectives on future studies are also presented. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23746149.2021.1912638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46608847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1949390
Hongxia Qi, Zhenzhong Lian, De-hou Fei, Zhou Chen, Zhan Hu
ABSTRACT This review focuses on the properties of the light fields that are more useful in applications. We review recent means of generating shaped-pulse light field, by which matters can be steered toward the desired products, thereby allowing the coherent control in terms of effectiveness, selectivity and manipulation. Applications of these light fields are discussed, including bioscience, laser machining, novel material fabrication, trace material detection and military. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Manipulation of matter with shaped-pulse light field and its applications","authors":"Hongxia Qi, Zhenzhong Lian, De-hou Fei, Zhou Chen, Zhan Hu","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.1949390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.1949390","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This review focuses on the properties of the light fields that are more useful in applications. We review recent means of generating shaped-pulse light field, by which matters can be steered toward the desired products, thereby allowing the coherent control in terms of effectiveness, selectivity and manipulation. Applications of these light fields are discussed, including bioscience, laser machining, novel material fabrication, trace material detection and military. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23746149.2021.1949390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45337655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1920846
M. Kozicki
ABSTRACT Dendrites are structures that develop with a continuously branching tree-like form. Such patterns are found in many aspects of the natural world, which indicates the universality of their topology. This review presents an examination of dendritic structures, addressing their stochasticity and fractal character, and exploring their information content or more specifically their ability to provide a very large number of unique patterns that may be used as a novel form of item identification. A brief summary of fractals and their dimensionality is presented and applied to the well-known diffusion limited aggregate (DLA) dendritic construct. Dendrites formed by electrochemical ‘self-assembly’ are explored and examples given of their formation under different conditions. Stochastic variations in the self-similar Y-shaped symbol that underlies these fractals can carry information, leading to significant entropy, even though the structural entropy of the overall pattern is relatively small.
{"title":"Information in electrodeposited dendrites","authors":"M. Kozicki","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.1920846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.1920846","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dendrites are structures that develop with a continuously branching tree-like form. Such patterns are found in many aspects of the natural world, which indicates the universality of their topology. This review presents an examination of dendritic structures, addressing their stochasticity and fractal character, and exploring their information content or more specifically their ability to provide a very large number of unique patterns that may be used as a novel form of item identification. A brief summary of fractals and their dimensionality is presented and applied to the well-known diffusion limited aggregate (DLA) dendritic construct. Dendrites formed by electrochemical ‘self-assembly’ are explored and examples given of their formation under different conditions. Stochastic variations in the self-similar Y-shaped symbol that underlies these fractals can carry information, leading to significant entropy, even though the structural entropy of the overall pattern is relatively small.","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23746149.2021.1920846","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45558352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1936638
Travis M. Zeigler, Michael C. Chung, O. Narayan, Juan Guan
ABSTRACT Phase separation is a concept well described in physics where a system spontaneously exhibits two or more distinct yet coexisting phases at equilibrium. This review describes several popular physical models that serve as a theoretical framework to understand protein phase separation in biological systems, a burgeoning area of research with many challenges left to be explored. The principles of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics that encompass phase separation are crucial to understanding the biophysical properties of biomolecular condensates. Representative systems of protein phase separation in several naturally occurring cancer fusion proteins and their implications in cancer mechanisms are discussed to highlight the underappreciated biophysical perspective on cancer. This insight into the driving force for protein condensate assembly may help to identify novel disease mechanisms and open opportunities for further innovative therapeutic strategies. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Protein phase separation: physical models and phase-separation- mediated cancer signaling","authors":"Travis M. Zeigler, Michael C. Chung, O. Narayan, Juan Guan","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.1936638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.1936638","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Phase separation is a concept well described in physics where a system spontaneously exhibits two or more distinct yet coexisting phases at equilibrium. This review describes several popular physical models that serve as a theoretical framework to understand protein phase separation in biological systems, a burgeoning area of research with many challenges left to be explored. The principles of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics that encompass phase separation are crucial to understanding the biophysical properties of biomolecular condensates. Representative systems of protein phase separation in several naturally occurring cancer fusion proteins and their implications in cancer mechanisms are discussed to highlight the underappreciated biophysical perspective on cancer. This insight into the driving force for protein condensate assembly may help to identify novel disease mechanisms and open opportunities for further innovative therapeutic strategies. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23746149.2021.1936638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48424776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1873859
R. Merlino
ABSTRACT Dusty plasmas are plasmas containing solid particles in the size range of about 10 nm—10 μm. The particles acquire an electrical charge by collecting electrons and ions from the plasma, or by photo-electron emission if they are exposed to UV radiation. The charged dust particles interact with the electrons and ions, forming a multi-component plasma. Dusty plasmas occur in a number of natural environments, including planetary rings, comet tails, and solar nebulae; as well as in technological devices used to manufacture semiconductor chips, and in magnetic fusion devices. This article focuses on the physics underlying dusty plasmas, which are studied by plasma physicists, aeronomists, space physicists, and astrophysicists. The article begins with an introduction explaining what we mean by a dusty plasma, where they are found, and a summary of their basic properties. The article then presents the fundamental physics of dust charging, forces on dust particles, a description of devices used to produce dusty plasmas, strongly coupled dusty plasmas, collective phenomenon (waves) in dusty plasmas, magnetized dusty plasmas, and the emerging technologies based on dusty plasmas. It concludes with a few perspective comments on how the field has developed historically and the prospects for future advances. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Dusty plasmas: from Saturn’s rings to semiconductor processing devices","authors":"R. Merlino","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.1873859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.1873859","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dusty plasmas are plasmas containing solid particles in the size range of about 10 nm—10 μm. The particles acquire an electrical charge by collecting electrons and ions from the plasma, or by photo-electron emission if they are exposed to UV radiation. The charged dust particles interact with the electrons and ions, forming a multi-component plasma. Dusty plasmas occur in a number of natural environments, including planetary rings, comet tails, and solar nebulae; as well as in technological devices used to manufacture semiconductor chips, and in magnetic fusion devices. This article focuses on the physics underlying dusty plasmas, which are studied by plasma physicists, aeronomists, space physicists, and astrophysicists. The article begins with an introduction explaining what we mean by a dusty plasma, where they are found, and a summary of their basic properties. The article then presents the fundamental physics of dust charging, forces on dust particles, a description of devices used to produce dusty plasmas, strongly coupled dusty plasmas, collective phenomenon (waves) in dusty plasmas, magnetized dusty plasmas, and the emerging technologies based on dusty plasmas. It concludes with a few perspective comments on how the field has developed historically and the prospects for future advances. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44941609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1905545
Zuran Yu, Haoxiang Xu, D. Cheng
ABSTRACT Over the past decade, computational modeling based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations provides a deep insight into the catalytic mechanism of single-atom catalysts (SACs) and paves way for high-throughput screening of promising SACs. This review summarizes computational methods for the analysis of the electronic structures and catalytic performance of SACs, as well as introduces the utilization of descriptors for the computational design of SACs. We expect that future advances in computational methods will surely help to identify highly effective SACs for a wide variety of reactions. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Design of Single Atom Catalysts","authors":"Zuran Yu, Haoxiang Xu, D. Cheng","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.1905545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.1905545","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the past decade, computational modeling based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations provides a deep insight into the catalytic mechanism of single-atom catalysts (SACs) and paves way for high-throughput screening of promising SACs. This review summarizes computational methods for the analysis of the electronic structures and catalytic performance of SACs, as well as introduces the utilization of descriptors for the computational design of SACs. We expect that future advances in computational methods will surely help to identify highly effective SACs for a wide variety of reactions. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23746149.2021.1905545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47252539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2020.1866668
G. Zhou, Bokai Zhang, Guanlin Tang, Xuefeng Yu, M. Galluzzi
ABSTRACT Nanomechanics of cytoskeleton is deeply involved in physiology and regulation of cell behavior. Atomic Force Microscopy has been extensively used for quantitative characterization with high-spatial resolution, in particular showing tremendous opportunities in biomechanics by quantifying mechanical parameters related to cytoskeleton organization. In this short review, we highlight recent developments in cell nanomechanics by AFM focusing on methodology and direct application to investigate cytoskeleton restructuration when cells are interacting with nanostructures (surfaces and nanoparticles). In particular, cells can sense the stiffness of environment or internalized particles and AFM can detect the rearrangement of cytoskeleton as one of the responses of mechanotransduction stimuli. Current bottlenecks hindering further progress in technology, such as theoretical models of interpretation will be discussed, in particular we propose a solution for complex system by coupling AFM with finite element simulations to retrieve more quantitative information when heterogeneity and convolution play important roles. Finally, we present recent cutting-edge research directions to explore new techniques and enhance the capabilities of AFM nanomechanics for living cells. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Cells nanomechanics by atomic force microscopy: focus on interactions at nanoscale","authors":"G. Zhou, Bokai Zhang, Guanlin Tang, Xuefeng Yu, M. Galluzzi","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2020.1866668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2020.1866668","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nanomechanics of cytoskeleton is deeply involved in physiology and regulation of cell behavior. Atomic Force Microscopy has been extensively used for quantitative characterization with high-spatial resolution, in particular showing tremendous opportunities in biomechanics by quantifying mechanical parameters related to cytoskeleton organization. In this short review, we highlight recent developments in cell nanomechanics by AFM focusing on methodology and direct application to investigate cytoskeleton restructuration when cells are interacting with nanostructures (surfaces and nanoparticles). In particular, cells can sense the stiffness of environment or internalized particles and AFM can detect the rearrangement of cytoskeleton as one of the responses of mechanotransduction stimuli. Current bottlenecks hindering further progress in technology, such as theoretical models of interpretation will be discussed, in particular we propose a solution for complex system by coupling AFM with finite element simulations to retrieve more quantitative information when heterogeneity and convolution play important roles. Finally, we present recent cutting-edge research directions to explore new techniques and enhance the capabilities of AFM nanomechanics for living cells. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23746149.2020.1866668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43653793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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