Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2023.2220363
F. Bencivenga, F. Capotondi, L. Foglia, R. Mincigrucci, C. Masciovecchio
ABSTRACT The recent construction of free electron lasers allows extending laboratory-based laser experiments to shorter wavelengths, accessing wavevectors typical of nanoscale dynamics and adding element and chemical state specificity by exploiting electronic transitions from core levels. The high pulse energies available ensure that this new wavelength range can be advantageously used for nonlinear optics, as in the pioneering case of transient grating spectroscopy: a time-resolved four-wave mixing technique in which two pump pulses are crossed at the sample to generate a spatially periodic excitation whose dynamics is monitored via diffraction of a probe pulse. We will show how extreme ultraviolet photon pulses have been successfully deployed in the last seven years to carry out transient grating experiments, mainly performed at the FERMI free electron laser, addressing a variety of scientific questions, ranging from the study of thermal transport in semiconductors approaching the ballistic regime to the modelling of ultrafast demagnetization at the nanoscale. We will also discuss possible future developments of the transient grating method specifying the impact this could have in various fields of scientific research ranging from molecular chirality to spintronics.
{"title":"Extreme ultraviolet transient gratings","authors":"F. Bencivenga, F. Capotondi, L. Foglia, R. Mincigrucci, C. Masciovecchio","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2023.2220363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2023.2220363","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The recent construction of free electron lasers allows extending laboratory-based laser experiments to shorter wavelengths, accessing wavevectors typical of nanoscale dynamics and adding element and chemical state specificity by exploiting electronic transitions from core levels. The high pulse energies available ensure that this new wavelength range can be advantageously used for nonlinear optics, as in the pioneering case of transient grating spectroscopy: a time-resolved four-wave mixing technique in which two pump pulses are crossed at the sample to generate a spatially periodic excitation whose dynamics is monitored via diffraction of a probe pulse. We will show how extreme ultraviolet photon pulses have been successfully deployed in the last seven years to carry out transient grating experiments, mainly performed at the FERMI free electron laser, addressing a variety of scientific questions, ranging from the study of thermal transport in semiconductors approaching the ballistic regime to the modelling of ultrafast demagnetization at the nanoscale. We will also discuss possible future developments of the transient grating method specifying the impact this could have in various fields of scientific research ranging from molecular chirality to spintronics.","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46018377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2023.2197623
Morgan Robinson, Carina T Filice, D. McRae, Z. Leonenko
ABSTRACT The cell membrane is a fundamental biological structure, which is only 6–10 nm thick. It is composed of hundreds of lipid types, which form small and dynamic lipid domains or rafts. These rafts are thought to be a major aspect of cell organization, to provide support for various transmembrane proteins and are central to the communication of cells with their environs. Understanding the functions of lipid rafts presents an exciting opportunity to understand the molecular mechanisms of biologically important processes, as well as to uncover fundamental molecular mechanisms of membrane-associated diseases. Due to the high complexity of cell membranes, model membranes composed of synthetic lipids have been developed and are widely used to mimic biomembranes in an effort to study the structure and dynamics of lipid domains and their role in cell function. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) significantly advanced the study of nanodomains in model lipid membranes and monolayers. We review applications of these methods to the study of model membranes, which are widely used to mimic eukaryotic and bacterial cells, as well as neuronal cellular membranes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Atomic force microscopy and other scanning probe microscopy methods to study nanoscale domains in model lipid membranes","authors":"Morgan Robinson, Carina T Filice, D. McRae, Z. Leonenko","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2023.2197623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2023.2197623","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The cell membrane is a fundamental biological structure, which is only 6–10 nm thick. It is composed of hundreds of lipid types, which form small and dynamic lipid domains or rafts. These rafts are thought to be a major aspect of cell organization, to provide support for various transmembrane proteins and are central to the communication of cells with their environs. Understanding the functions of lipid rafts presents an exciting opportunity to understand the molecular mechanisms of biologically important processes, as well as to uncover fundamental molecular mechanisms of membrane-associated diseases. Due to the high complexity of cell membranes, model membranes composed of synthetic lipids have been developed and are widely used to mimic biomembranes in an effort to study the structure and dynamics of lipid domains and their role in cell function. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) significantly advanced the study of nanodomains in model lipid membranes and monolayers. We review applications of these methods to the study of model membranes, which are widely used to mimic eukaryotic and bacterial cells, as well as neuronal cellular membranes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48671287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2023.2228018
M. Ferraro, F. Mangini, M. Zitelli, S. Wabnitz
The input power-induced transformation of the transverse intensity profile at the output of graded-index multimode optical fibers from speckles into a bell-shaped beam sitting on a low intensity background is known as spatial beam self-cleaning. Its remarkable properties are the output beam brightness improvement and robustness to fiber bending and squeezing. These properties permit to overcome the limitations of multimode fibers in terms of low output beam quality, which is very promising for a host of technological applications. In this review, we outline recent progress in the understanding of spatial beam self-cleaning, which can be seen as a state of thermal equilibrium in the complex process of modal four-wave mixing. In other words, the associated nonlinear redistribution of the mode powers which ultimately favors the fundamental mode of the fiber can be described in the framework of statistical mechanics applied to the gas of photons populating the fiber modes. On the one hand, this description has been corroborated by a series of experiments by different groups. On the other hand, some open issues still remain, and we offer a perspective for future studies in this emerging and controversial field of research.
{"title":"On spatial beam self-cleaning from the perspective of optical wave thermalization in multimode graded-index fibers","authors":"M. Ferraro, F. Mangini, M. Zitelli, S. Wabnitz","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2023.2228018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2023.2228018","url":null,"abstract":"The input power-induced transformation of the transverse intensity profile at the output of graded-index multimode optical fibers from speckles into a bell-shaped beam sitting on a low intensity background is known as spatial beam self-cleaning. Its remarkable properties are the output beam brightness improvement and robustness to fiber bending and squeezing. These properties permit to overcome the limitations of multimode fibers in terms of low output beam quality, which is very promising for a host of technological applications. In this review, we outline recent progress in the understanding of spatial beam self-cleaning, which can be seen as a state of thermal equilibrium in the complex process of modal four-wave mixing. In other words, the associated nonlinear redistribution of the mode powers which ultimately favors the fundamental mode of the fiber can be described in the framework of statistical mechanics applied to the gas of photons populating the fiber modes. On the one hand, this description has been corroborated by a series of experiments by different groups. On the other hand, some open issues still remain, and we offer a perspective for future studies in this emerging and controversial field of research.","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44944122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2023.2175623
Paulo C. D. Mendes, Yizhen Song, Wenrui Ma, Terry Z. H. Gani, K. Lim, S. Kawi, S. Kozlov
ABSTRACT Nanoparticles composed of metallic cores encapsulated in oxide shells emerged in the last decade as an attractive class of nanocomposite materials due to their high stability and unique properties provided by the high contact area between the metal and oxide components. Diverse metal-oxide interactions in metal@oxide core@shell nanoparticles enable tuning their electronic structure, spectroscopic properties, and surface reactivity for applications in sensing, electrochemistry, batteries as well as thermal and photocatalysis. Herein, we review the recent literature on the synthesis, characterization, simulations, and applications of metal@oxide nanocomposites. In particular, we discuss how the properties of metal@oxide nanoparticles can be tuned for a given application by changing the size of the metal core, the thickness and porosity of the oxide shell, as well as their composition, e.g. by alloying the core or doping the shell. Understanding of structure-property relations in metal@oxide systems provides vast opportunities for the rational design of advanced metal@oxide nanocomposites, making this class of materials promising for a wide range of applications. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Opportunities in the design of metal@oxide core-shell nanoparticles","authors":"Paulo C. D. Mendes, Yizhen Song, Wenrui Ma, Terry Z. H. Gani, K. Lim, S. Kawi, S. Kozlov","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2023.2175623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2023.2175623","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nanoparticles composed of metallic cores encapsulated in oxide shells emerged in the last decade as an attractive class of nanocomposite materials due to their high stability and unique properties provided by the high contact area between the metal and oxide components. Diverse metal-oxide interactions in metal@oxide core@shell nanoparticles enable tuning their electronic structure, spectroscopic properties, and surface reactivity for applications in sensing, electrochemistry, batteries as well as thermal and photocatalysis. Herein, we review the recent literature on the synthesis, characterization, simulations, and applications of metal@oxide nanocomposites. In particular, we discuss how the properties of metal@oxide nanoparticles can be tuned for a given application by changing the size of the metal core, the thickness and porosity of the oxide shell, as well as their composition, e.g. by alloying the core or doping the shell. Understanding of structure-property relations in metal@oxide systems provides vast opportunities for the rational design of advanced metal@oxide nanocomposites, making this class of materials promising for a wide range of applications. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45119663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2023.2206049
Sumukh Vaidya, Xingyu Gao, S. Dikshit, I. Aharonovich, Tongcang Li
Color centers in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have recently emerged as promising candidates for a new wave of quantum applications. Thanks to hBN's high stability and 2-dimensional (2D) layered structure, color centers in hBN can serve as robust quantum emitters that can be readily integrated into nanophotonic and plasmonic structures on a chip. More importantly, the recently discovered optically addressable spin defects in hBN provide a quantum interface between photons and electron spins for quantum sensing applications. The most well-studied hBN spin defects, the negatively charged boron vacancy ($V_B^-$) spin defects, have been used for quantum sensing of static magnetic fields, magnetic noise, temperature, strain, nuclear spins, paramagnetic spins in liquids, RF signals, and beyond. In particular, hBN nanosheets with spin defects can form van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with 2D magnetic or other materials for in situ quantum sensing and imaging. This review summarizes the rapidly evolving field of nanoscale and microscale quantum sensing with spin defects in hBN. We introduce basic properties of hBN spin defects, quantum sensing protocols, and recent experimental demonstrations of quantum sensing and imaging with hBN spin defects. We also discuss methods to enhance their sensitivity. Finally, we envision some potential developments and applications of hBN spin defects.
{"title":"Quantum sensing and imaging with spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride","authors":"Sumukh Vaidya, Xingyu Gao, S. Dikshit, I. Aharonovich, Tongcang Li","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2023.2206049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2023.2206049","url":null,"abstract":"Color centers in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have recently emerged as promising candidates for a new wave of quantum applications. Thanks to hBN's high stability and 2-dimensional (2D) layered structure, color centers in hBN can serve as robust quantum emitters that can be readily integrated into nanophotonic and plasmonic structures on a chip. More importantly, the recently discovered optically addressable spin defects in hBN provide a quantum interface between photons and electron spins for quantum sensing applications. The most well-studied hBN spin defects, the negatively charged boron vacancy ($V_B^-$) spin defects, have been used for quantum sensing of static magnetic fields, magnetic noise, temperature, strain, nuclear spins, paramagnetic spins in liquids, RF signals, and beyond. In particular, hBN nanosheets with spin defects can form van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with 2D magnetic or other materials for in situ quantum sensing and imaging. This review summarizes the rapidly evolving field of nanoscale and microscale quantum sensing with spin defects in hBN. We introduce basic properties of hBN spin defects, quantum sensing protocols, and recent experimental demonstrations of quantum sensing and imaging with hBN spin defects. We also discuss methods to enhance their sensitivity. Finally, we envision some potential developments and applications of hBN spin defects.","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46893717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2023.2176258
L. Genchi, S. Laptenok, C. Liberale
ABSTRACT Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has gained popularity in recent years due to its linearity to molecule concentration and laser intensity, and to the lack of the nonresonant background that affects its analogous technique, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. However, SRS is not a background-free technique. In fact, there are other optical processes – nonlinear transient scattering and nonlinear transient absorption – that can be detrimental to the contrast and sensitivity of SRS microscopy. In this review, we provide a description of these competing optical processes and present an up-to-date description of current solutions to minimize their effect on SRS measurements. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Background signals in stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and current solutions to avoid them","authors":"L. Genchi, S. Laptenok, C. Liberale","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2023.2176258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2023.2176258","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has gained popularity in recent years due to its linearity to molecule concentration and laser intensity, and to the lack of the nonresonant background that affects its analogous technique, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. However, SRS is not a background-free technique. In fact, there are other optical processes – nonlinear transient scattering and nonlinear transient absorption – that can be detrimental to the contrast and sensitivity of SRS microscopy. In this review, we provide a description of these competing optical processes and present an up-to-date description of current solutions to minimize their effect on SRS measurements. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43871680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-21DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2023.2250105
Sizuo Luo, Robin Weissenbilder, H. Laurell, Mattias Ammitzböll, V'enus Poulain, D. Busto, Lana Neoričić, Chen Guo, S. Zhong, D. Kroon, R. Squibb, R. Feifel, M. Gisselbrecht, A. L’Huillier, C. Arnold
Attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy is often performed with interferometric experimental setups that require outstanding stability. We demonstrate and characterize in detail an actively stabilized, versatile, high spectral resolution attosecond beamline. The active-stabilization system can remain ultra-stable for several hours with an RMS stability of 13 as and a total pump-probe delay scanning range of sim 400 fs. A tunable femtosecond laser source to drive high-order harmonic generation allows for precisely addressing atomic and molecular resonances. Furthermore, the interferometer includes a spectral shaper in 4f-geometry in the probe arm as well as a tunable bandpass filter in the pump arm, which offer additional high flexibility in terms of tunability as well as narrowband or polychromatic probe pulses. We show that spectral phase measurements of photoelectron wavepackets with the rainbow RABBIT technique (reconstruction of attosecond beating by two photon transitions) with narrowband probe pulses can significantly improve the photoelectron energy resolution. In this setup, the temporal-spectral resolution of photoelectron spectroscopy can reach a new level of accuracy and precision.
{"title":"Ultra-stable and versatile high-energy resolution setup for attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy","authors":"Sizuo Luo, Robin Weissenbilder, H. Laurell, Mattias Ammitzböll, V'enus Poulain, D. Busto, Lana Neoričić, Chen Guo, S. Zhong, D. Kroon, R. Squibb, R. Feifel, M. Gisselbrecht, A. L’Huillier, C. Arnold","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2023.2250105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2023.2250105","url":null,"abstract":"Attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy is often performed with interferometric experimental setups that require outstanding stability. We demonstrate and characterize in detail an actively stabilized, versatile, high spectral resolution attosecond beamline. The active-stabilization system can remain ultra-stable for several hours with an RMS stability of 13 as and a total pump-probe delay scanning range of sim 400 fs. A tunable femtosecond laser source to drive high-order harmonic generation allows for precisely addressing atomic and molecular resonances. Furthermore, the interferometer includes a spectral shaper in 4f-geometry in the probe arm as well as a tunable bandpass filter in the pump arm, which offer additional high flexibility in terms of tunability as well as narrowband or polychromatic probe pulses. We show that spectral phase measurements of photoelectron wavepackets with the rainbow RABBIT technique (reconstruction of attosecond beating by two photon transitions) with narrowband probe pulses can significantly improve the photoelectron energy resolution. In this setup, the temporal-spectral resolution of photoelectron spectroscopy can reach a new level of accuracy and precision.","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43911867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2023.2165148
Y. Ouyang, Feng Wang, Minhao Zhang, Yuyuan Qin, Yuanzhi Tan, W. Ji, F. Song
ABSTRACT The aim of atom electronics, i.e. the final scale of electronics, is to make use of specific individual atoms as active electronic components. Here, we review recent researches on atom electronics in single-molecule transistors (SMTs) through single-atom access and manipulation. We begin by describing the basic concepts and characteristics of atom electronics in SMTs, before discussing some of the most recent examples, including atomic transistors and atomic storage. In our concluding remarks, we discuss some perspectives on fabrication, integration, and other potential atomic devices in which high precision access to, and manipulation of single atoms could be of great significance. This will affect integrated circuits, quantum computing, and other devices that will drive the electronics of the future. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Atom electronics in single-molecule transistors: single-atom access and manipulation","authors":"Y. Ouyang, Feng Wang, Minhao Zhang, Yuyuan Qin, Yuanzhi Tan, W. Ji, F. Song","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2023.2165148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2023.2165148","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of atom electronics, i.e. the final scale of electronics, is to make use of specific individual atoms as active electronic components. Here, we review recent researches on atom electronics in single-molecule transistors (SMTs) through single-atom access and manipulation. We begin by describing the basic concepts and characteristics of atom electronics in SMTs, before discussing some of the most recent examples, including atomic transistors and atomic storage. In our concluding remarks, we discuss some perspectives on fabrication, integration, and other potential atomic devices in which high precision access to, and manipulation of single atoms could be of great significance. This will affect integrated circuits, quantum computing, and other devices that will drive the electronics of the future. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41346108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2158757
Zhenhao Sun, N. Tang, Shixiong Zhang, Shuai Chen, Xingchen Liu, B. Shen
ABSTRACT GaN-based semiconductors are deemed to be a potential candidate for developing spintronic devices owing to the artificially controllable spin-orbit coupling and the high Curie temperature of GaN-based diluted magnetic semiconductors. Spin injection, spin relaxation dynamics, and spin manipulation are the key issues in the development of GaN-based spintronic devices, which have been reviewed in this article. In the end, a brief section presents the research progress of GaN-based spintronic devices. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Spin injection, relaxation, and manipulation in GaN-based semiconductors","authors":"Zhenhao Sun, N. Tang, Shixiong Zhang, Shuai Chen, Xingchen Liu, B. Shen","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2158757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2158757","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT GaN-based semiconductors are deemed to be a potential candidate for developing spintronic devices owing to the artificially controllable spin-orbit coupling and the high Curie temperature of GaN-based diluted magnetic semiconductors. Spin injection, spin relaxation dynamics, and spin manipulation are the key issues in the development of GaN-based spintronic devices, which have been reviewed in this article. In the end, a brief section presents the research progress of GaN-based spintronic devices. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45760632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-04DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2023.2165452
A. Melnikov, Mohammad Kordzanganeh, A. Alodjants, R. Lee
Quantum machine learning is a rapidly growing field at the intersection of quantum technology and artificial intelligence. This review provides a two-fold overview of several key approaches that can offer advancements in both the development of quantum technologies and the power of artificial intelligence. Among these approaches are quantum-enhanced algorithms, which apply quantum software engineering to classical information processing to improve keystone machine learning solutions. In this context, we explore the capability of hybrid quantum-classical neural networks to improve model generalization and increase accuracy while reducing computational resources. We also illustrate how machine learning can be used both to mitigate the effects of errors on presently available noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, and to understand quantum advantage via an automatic study of quantum walk processes on graphs. In addition, we review how quantum hardware can be enhanced by applying machine learning to fundamental and applied physics problems as well as quantum tomography and photonics. We aim to demonstrate how concepts in physics can be translated into practical engineering of machine learning solutions using quantum software.
{"title":"Quantum machine learning: from physics to software engineering","authors":"A. Melnikov, Mohammad Kordzanganeh, A. Alodjants, R. Lee","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2023.2165452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2023.2165452","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum machine learning is a rapidly growing field at the intersection of quantum technology and artificial intelligence. This review provides a two-fold overview of several key approaches that can offer advancements in both the development of quantum technologies and the power of artificial intelligence. Among these approaches are quantum-enhanced algorithms, which apply quantum software engineering to classical information processing to improve keystone machine learning solutions. In this context, we explore the capability of hybrid quantum-classical neural networks to improve model generalization and increase accuracy while reducing computational resources. We also illustrate how machine learning can be used both to mitigate the effects of errors on presently available noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, and to understand quantum advantage via an automatic study of quantum walk processes on graphs. In addition, we review how quantum hardware can be enhanced by applying machine learning to fundamental and applied physics problems as well as quantum tomography and photonics. We aim to demonstrate how concepts in physics can be translated into practical engineering of machine learning solutions using quantum software.","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42185428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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