{"title":"PSAP in JACCP Recorded Webcast: Behavioral Approaches to Optimize Patient Engagement in a Healthy Lifestyle","authors":"Lauren M. Hynicka, Richard J. Rovelli","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 9","pages":"964-965"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Lingow, Nicholas Carris, Jennifer Clements, Lindsay Courtney, Abby Lennon, Christina H. Sherrill, Elizabeth Van Dril
The popularity of incretin-based therapies has increased substantially over the past several years due to their clinically significant efficacy for weight loss and positive impact on weight-related comorbid conditions, yet, few clinical practice guidelines for the management of overweight and obesity have been updated to incorporate these agents. The increased demand for incretin-based therapies for weight management has revealed barriers to their implementation related to cost, availability, and emerging safety concerns. This opinion paper aims to briefly review the available literature on the current role of incretin-based therapy for chronic weight management in persons with overweight or obesity and provide recommendations for clinical pharmacists utilizing these agents. The intent of this opinion paper is to discuss the benefits and risks of incretin-based therapy for weight management, review approaches for clinical pharmacists to overcome barriers to their implementation, and address ongoing questions related to their use. Finally, the authors suggest an approach to the management of people with overweight or obesity with incretin-based therapy using the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process along with actions clinical pharmacists can take to ensure best practices with these agents.
{"title":"The Pharmacist's Role in the Use of Incretin-Based Therapies for Weight Management: An Opinion of the Endocrine and Metabolism Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy","authors":"Sara Lingow, Nicholas Carris, Jennifer Clements, Lindsay Courtney, Abby Lennon, Christina H. Sherrill, Elizabeth Van Dril","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The popularity of incretin-based therapies has increased substantially over the past several years due to their clinically significant efficacy for weight loss and positive impact on weight-related comorbid conditions, yet, few clinical practice guidelines for the management of overweight and obesity have been updated to incorporate these agents. The increased demand for incretin-based therapies for weight management has revealed barriers to their implementation related to cost, availability, and emerging safety concerns. This opinion paper aims to briefly review the available literature on the current role of incretin-based therapy for chronic weight management in persons with overweight or obesity and provide recommendations for clinical pharmacists utilizing these agents. The intent of this opinion paper is to discuss the benefits and risks of incretin-based therapy for weight management, review approaches for clinical pharmacists to overcome barriers to their implementation, and address ongoing questions related to their use. Finally, the authors suggest an approach to the management of people with overweight or obesity with incretin-based therapy using the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process along with actions clinical pharmacists can take to ensure best practices with these agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 10","pages":"1078-1093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jac5.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth C. Hohmeier, Grace Broussard, Melissa Tyszko, Kelly Barland, Kristi Carlston, Yingjia Wei, Craig Field, Adam J. Gordon, Alina Cernasev, Gerald Cochran
Background
Concurrent use of opioids and alcohol can result in respiratory depression, overdose, and death. Prior research has shown that 20%–30% of patients receiving opioid medications in community pharmacies engage in high-risk drinking. We adapted a medication therapy management-based intervention to address co-use and tested its feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy.
Design
This pilot study enrolled adult, English-speaking community pharmacy patients dispensed opioids who reported current drinking. Participants were randomized to standard medication counseling (SMC) or alcohol-targeted brief intervention-medication therapy management (ABI-MTM). ABI-MTM included two pharmacist-delivered sessions focused on reviewing medications/interactions, motivating participants to discontinue co-use, and providing a written action plan. We assessed enrollment, retention, intervention delivery, satisfaction, drinks per drinking day (DDD), and daily morphine milligram equivalent (MME) at baseline, 2, and 3 months. Outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized linear mixed modeling.
Results
We enrolled 44 patients (110% of target; 22 per group). No significant differences were found in age (mean = 55.8), sex (female = 65.9%), race (White = 95.5%), education (> high school = 95.5%), or health insurance status (insured = 95.5%). Consent and retention rates exceeded 90%, session delivery was ≥ 95%, and ABI-MTM satisfaction ranged from 79% to 89%. At 3 months, 59.1% of ABI-MTM participants versus 45.5% of SMC achieved ≥ 30% reduction in DDD and/or daily MME. Mixed models showed ABI-MTM recipients had 2.10 (95% confidence interval = 0.34–12.95) higher odds of achieving this reduction.
Conclusion
ABI-MTM demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. A fully powered trial is warranted to evaluate broader implementation.
{"title":"Impact of Community Pharmacists on Reducing Opioid and Alcohol Co-Use: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial of a Medication Therapy Management Intervention","authors":"Kenneth C. Hohmeier, Grace Broussard, Melissa Tyszko, Kelly Barland, Kristi Carlston, Yingjia Wei, Craig Field, Adam J. Gordon, Alina Cernasev, Gerald Cochran","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Concurrent use of opioids and alcohol can result in respiratory depression, overdose, and death. Prior research has shown that 20%–30% of patients receiving opioid medications in community pharmacies engage in high-risk drinking. We adapted a medication therapy management-based intervention to address co-use and tested its feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This pilot study enrolled adult, English-speaking community pharmacy patients dispensed opioids who reported current drinking. Participants were randomized to standard medication counseling (SMC) or alcohol-targeted brief intervention-medication therapy management (ABI-MTM). ABI-MTM included two pharmacist-delivered sessions focused on reviewing medications/interactions, motivating participants to discontinue co-use, and providing a written action plan. We assessed enrollment, retention, intervention delivery, satisfaction, drinks per drinking day (DDD), and daily morphine milligram equivalent (MME) at baseline, 2, and 3 months. Outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized linear mixed modeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 44 patients (110% of target; 22 per group). No significant differences were found in age (mean = 55.8), sex (female = 65.9%), race (White = 95.5%), education (> high school = 95.5%), or health insurance status (insured = 95.5%). Consent and retention rates exceeded 90%, session delivery was ≥ 95%, and ABI-MTM satisfaction ranged from 79% to 89%. At 3 months, 59.1% of ABI-MTM participants versus 45.5% of SMC achieved ≥ 30% reduction in DDD and/or daily MME. Mixed models showed ABI-MTM recipients had 2.10 (95% confidence interval = 0.34–12.95) higher odds of achieving this reduction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ABI-MTM demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. A fully powered trial is warranted to evaluate broader implementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 10","pages":"991-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Pharmacy Workforce: Proud but Unhappy","authors":"Stuart T. Haines","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 10","pages":"970-973"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexis A. Anthony, Ashlyn M. Kiebach, Lisa E. Dumkow, Jessica A. Benzer
Introduction
Despite the demonstrated benefits of vaccination, rates of recommended vaccine uptake among adults and children in the United States continue to remain low. Pharmacy interns are well-positioned to champion clinical programs. A pharmacy intern-led outreach program utilizing the electronic health record (EHR) messaging system may be a way to increase vaccination uptake.
Objective
The primary objective was to assess the percent of patients vaccinated following the implementation of a pharmacy intern-led vaccine outreach program.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients from 17 primary care sites who were eligible for pneumococcal, Herpes Zoster, meningococcal, or hepatitis B vaccine and received an outreach message from the pharmacy intern. The intern sent EHR messages with vaccine recommendations from November 2023 until August 2024. The primary outcome evaluating the percentage of patients vaccinated was assessed at 6 months following the final day of outreach. Secondary outcomes of this study were to describe the uptake of each vaccine and to assess differences in the demographics of patients receiving the different vaccination types. Program time commitment and revenue were also assessed.
Results
A total of 99 625 outreach messages were sent with 4518 (4.5%) of patients vaccinated. Of the 59 494 (59.7%) patients who read the outreach message, 7.6% of patients received the recommended vaccine compared to 0% of patients who did not read the message (p < 0.001). Of the patients eligible for each vaccination type who read the messaging, a total of 2188 (10.1%) patients received a pneumococcal vaccine, 1496 (10.5%) received a Herpes Zoster vaccine, 281 (47.3%) received a meningococcal vaccine, and 553 (2.4%) patients received a hepatitis B vaccine. The program was associated with an estimated $310 973 in revenue.
Conclusion
A pharmacy intern-led outreach program conducted via EHR messaging demonstrated a significant increase in vaccination uptake and may be financially self-sustainable.
{"title":"Impact of a Pharmacy Intern-Led Electronic Health Record Outreach Program on Vaccine Uptake in a Primary Care Network","authors":"Alexis A. Anthony, Ashlyn M. Kiebach, Lisa E. Dumkow, Jessica A. Benzer","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the demonstrated benefits of vaccination, rates of recommended vaccine uptake among adults and children in the United States continue to remain low. Pharmacy interns are well-positioned to champion clinical programs. A pharmacy intern-led outreach program utilizing the electronic health record (EHR) messaging system may be a way to increase vaccination uptake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary objective was to assess the percent of patients vaccinated following the implementation of a pharmacy intern-led vaccine outreach program.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients from 17 primary care sites who were eligible for pneumococcal, Herpes Zoster, meningococcal, or hepatitis B vaccine and received an outreach message from the pharmacy intern. The intern sent EHR messages with vaccine recommendations from November 2023 until August 2024. The primary outcome evaluating the percentage of patients vaccinated was assessed at 6 months following the final day of outreach. Secondary outcomes of this study were to describe the uptake of each vaccine and to assess differences in the demographics of patients receiving the different vaccination types. Program time commitment and revenue were also assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 99 625 outreach messages were sent with 4518 (4.5%) of patients vaccinated. Of the 59 494 (59.7%) patients who read the outreach message, 7.6% of patients received the recommended vaccine compared to 0% of patients who did not read the message (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Of the patients eligible for each vaccination type who read the messaging, a total of 2188 (10.1%) patients received a pneumococcal vaccine, 1496 (10.5%) received a Herpes Zoster vaccine, 281 (47.3%) received a meningococcal vaccine, and 553 (2.4%) patients received a hepatitis B vaccine. The program was associated with an estimated $310 973 in revenue.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A pharmacy intern-led outreach program conducted via EHR messaging demonstrated a significant increase in vaccination uptake and may be financially self-sustainable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 10","pages":"983-990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael L. Behal, Laura M. Ebbitt, Katie M. Ruf, Katherine M. Spezzano, Alexandra M. Wiegand, Komal A. Pandya
Introduction
Historically, there has been a perception that the critical care (CC) job market is saturated; however, there is no confirmation about whether the job market can support residency graduates.
Objectives
To characterize the Post Graduate Year Two (PGY2) CC residency program director (RPD) and resident graduate perceptions of the CC job market.
Methods
A survey was sent to United States-based PGY2 CC pharmacy residency graduates from 2018 to 2023. Demographics, PGY2 CC program data, and post-residency job and job market perceptions data were collected. A similar survey was sent to US-based RPDs. Demographics and job market perceptions data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. PGY2 CC resident graduate and RPD perceptions of the CC job market were compared. The Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS) was utilized to ensure methodological rigor and comprehensive reporting of this survey-based study.
Results
Surveys were completed by 51 RPDs (29.7% response rate) and 138 residents (42.3% response rate). The majority of graduates secured full-time positions, with 111 respondents (80.4%) accepting their first-choice job. Residents identified practice specialty, geographic location, and schedule consistency as critical job selection factors. RPDs and residents reported a predominantly balanced or favorable CC job market, with perceptions aligning across groups. Although some residents faced challenges securing positions in preferred specialty areas or geographic locations, 120 residents (87%) reported their first job matched their residency training well or very well.
Conclusion
PGY2 CC pharmacy residents who graduated between 2018 and 2023 successfully secured positions within their specialty, with most accepting their preferred roles. These findings suggest a favorable job market and highlight opportunities for RPDs to guide residents in navigating job market realities effectively. Further studies could explore longitudinal job satisfaction and the impact of evolving market conditions.
{"title":"Cross-Sectional Survey of Critical Care Pharmacy Residency Programs: Post-Residency Positions Acquired and Job Market Perceptions","authors":"Michael L. Behal, Laura M. Ebbitt, Katie M. Ruf, Katherine M. Spezzano, Alexandra M. Wiegand, Komal A. Pandya","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Historically, there has been a perception that the critical care (CC) job market is saturated; however, there is no confirmation about whether the job market can support residency graduates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterize the Post Graduate Year Two (PGY2) CC residency program director (RPD) and resident graduate perceptions of the CC job market.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A survey was sent to United States-based PGY2 CC pharmacy residency graduates from 2018 to 2023. Demographics, PGY2 CC program data, and post-residency job and job market perceptions data were collected. A similar survey was sent to US-based RPDs. Demographics and job market perceptions data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. PGY2 CC resident graduate and RPD perceptions of the CC job market were compared. The Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS) was utilized to ensure methodological rigor and comprehensive reporting of this survey-based study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Surveys were completed by 51 RPDs (29.7% response rate) and 138 residents (42.3% response rate). The majority of graduates secured full-time positions, with 111 respondents (80.4%) accepting their first-choice job. Residents identified practice specialty, geographic location, and schedule consistency as critical job selection factors. RPDs and residents reported a predominantly balanced or favorable CC job market, with perceptions aligning across groups. Although some residents faced challenges securing positions in preferred specialty areas or geographic locations, 120 residents (87%) reported their first job matched their residency training well or very well.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PGY2 CC pharmacy residents who graduated between 2018 and 2023 successfully secured positions within their specialty, with most accepting their preferred roles. These findings suggest a favorable job market and highlight opportunities for RPDs to guide residents in navigating job market realities effectively. Further studies could explore longitudinal job satisfaction and the impact of evolving market conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 10","pages":"1003-1014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on “Point-Of-Care Testing in Community Pharmacies to Expand Access to Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections”","authors":"Rebekah Cox","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 10","pages":"1099-1100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morgan P. Stewart, Sook Hyun Park, Mary Katie Sanders, Amy Holland, John Luk, Sarah Sloan, Veronica Young
<div> <section> <h3> Introduction</h3> <p>Interprofessional education (IPE) is a core component for preparing health care professionals for collaborative practice. Leveraging technology to support IPE can enhance active team-based learning. At the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), a longitudinal IPE course fosters team-based learning through modules aligned with the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies. In the Fall of 2024, an artificial intelligence (AI)-generated image activity was introduced to enhance the roles and responsibilities module, replacing an Interprofessional Pictionary activity.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>This IPE activity aimed to assess the impact of incorporating an AI-generated image activity on student perceptions of learning outcomes related to IPEC Core Competency #2, roles and responsibilities, compared to a historical cohort who completed the same module using a conventional Interprofessional Pictionary activity.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>The module engaged 36 interprofessional teams of students from pharmacy, nursing, medicine, and social work. Teams used AI tools to generate images representing assigned professions, focusing on stereotypes, perceptions, and biases. Faculty facilitators guided teams through image analysis, fostering dialogue on professional stereotypes and the implications for collaboration and patient care.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Quantitative analysis of student evaluations from 2023 (<i>n</i> = 225) and 2024 (<i>n</i> = 241) revealed similar or improved outcomes for the AI-enhanced module. Significant increases were observed in students' understanding of others' professions (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and perceptions of mutual trust and respect (<i>p</i> = 0.042) after completing the AI activity. A thematic analysis of student comments revealed primary themes of relevance and engagement, reflection on stereotypes and biases, and application to professional development.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Leveraging technology to enhance existing IPE teaching methods can enhance student-perceived learning about roles and responsibilities, expose students to emerging technologies, and contribute to a team climate of mutual trust and respect. Health educators have the opportunity to evaluate their current and previously used IPE teaching methods and consider how AI can also serve as a tool to generate
{"title":"Implementation of an AI activity to teach interprofessional roles and responsibilities","authors":"Morgan P. Stewart, Sook Hyun Park, Mary Katie Sanders, Amy Holland, John Luk, Sarah Sloan, Veronica Young","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interprofessional education (IPE) is a core component for preparing health care professionals for collaborative practice. Leveraging technology to support IPE can enhance active team-based learning. At the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), a longitudinal IPE course fosters team-based learning through modules aligned with the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies. In the Fall of 2024, an artificial intelligence (AI)-generated image activity was introduced to enhance the roles and responsibilities module, replacing an Interprofessional Pictionary activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This IPE activity aimed to assess the impact of incorporating an AI-generated image activity on student perceptions of learning outcomes related to IPEC Core Competency #2, roles and responsibilities, compared to a historical cohort who completed the same module using a conventional Interprofessional Pictionary activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The module engaged 36 interprofessional teams of students from pharmacy, nursing, medicine, and social work. Teams used AI tools to generate images representing assigned professions, focusing on stereotypes, perceptions, and biases. Faculty facilitators guided teams through image analysis, fostering dialogue on professional stereotypes and the implications for collaboration and patient care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Quantitative analysis of student evaluations from 2023 (<i>n</i> = 225) and 2024 (<i>n</i> = 241) revealed similar or improved outcomes for the AI-enhanced module. Significant increases were observed in students' understanding of others' professions (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and perceptions of mutual trust and respect (<i>p</i> = 0.042) after completing the AI activity. A thematic analysis of student comments revealed primary themes of relevance and engagement, reflection on stereotypes and biases, and application to professional development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leveraging technology to enhance existing IPE teaching methods can enhance student-perceived learning about roles and responsibilities, expose students to emerging technologies, and contribute to a team climate of mutual trust and respect. Health educators have the opportunity to evaluate their current and previously used IPE teaching methods and consider how AI can also serve as a tool to generate","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 8","pages":"816-822"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jac5.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Bush, Tina Benny, Genevieve Hale, Matthew Seamon, Mekaliah Creese
The shift in health care toward value-based payment models has allowed for the integration of pharmacists into innovative care models to improve patient outcomes. Home visits are useful in value-based settings as they can enhance care management and help patients with complex needs manage their conditions. However, the ideal interprofessional team to conduct these home visits is unknown. In efforts to improve care and quality outcomes as well as assess feasibility and identify barriers to implementation, an interprofessional home visit team consisting of paramedics and pharmacists was utilized within a managed services organization. Pharmacists and paramedics possess the expertise and skill to manage primary care patients in the home setting to provide medication management and needs assessments. There is limited research on pharmacist-paramedic collaboration in home visits in the value-based primary care setting. In this article, experiences in conducting home visits with pharmacists and paramedics, the role of the pharmacist and the paramedic, and considerations regarding interprofessional home visit care are described in detail.
{"title":"Pharmacists and paramedics: An exploration toward the ideal interprofessional team to deliver home visits in the value-based primary care setting","authors":"Andrea Bush, Tina Benny, Genevieve Hale, Matthew Seamon, Mekaliah Creese","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The shift in health care toward value-based payment models has allowed for the integration of pharmacists into innovative care models to improve patient outcomes. Home visits are useful in value-based settings as they can enhance care management and help patients with complex needs manage their conditions. However, the ideal interprofessional team to conduct these home visits is unknown. In efforts to improve care and quality outcomes as well as assess feasibility and identify barriers to implementation, an interprofessional home visit team consisting of paramedics and pharmacists was utilized within a managed services organization. Pharmacists and paramedics possess the expertise and skill to manage primary care patients in the home setting to provide medication management and needs assessments. There is limited research on pharmacist-paramedic collaboration in home visits in the value-based primary care setting. In this article, experiences in conducting home visits with pharmacists and paramedics, the role of the pharmacist and the paramedic, and considerations regarding interprofessional home visit care are described in detail.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 8","pages":"694-701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitchell L. Struewing, Omolola A. Adeoye-Olatunde, Yuedi Yang, Kourtney A. D. Byrd, Megan E. Conklin, Jasmine D. Gonzalvo, Kalesia Smith, Ashley H. Meredith
Background
Pharmacist-led interventions have demonstrated success in managing cardiovascular risk factors; addressing social drivers of health (SDOH) is essential to improving health outcomes. Community health workers (CHWs) can help overcome SDOH barriers and enhance care delivery. Little research exists on pharmacist-CHW collaborations, particularly in free clinics.
Objectives
The objectives of this study were to characterize the infrastructure of a pharmacist-CHW managed cardiovascular clinic model and assess whether systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) changed over time.
Methods
The Pharmacists' Patient Care Process characterized the model infrastructure aligning pharmacist and CHW roles. This single-center, retrospective study evaluated patients with hypertension engaged in pharmacist-CHW services between February 1, 2023 and September 4, 2024. Data included demographics, as well as clinical and SDOH outcomes. A Linear Mixed Effects Model (LMEM) assessed the relationship between predictor variables, time, and their interaction. Multivariable analysis using LMM included predictors while excluding variables with multicollinearity or limited data.
Results
Data were analyzed for 53 unique patients across 231 visits. SBP and DBP decreased significantly over time, with a predicted mean reduction of 9.63 and 7.57 mmHg, respectively (β = −9.63, p = 0.002 and β = −7.57, p < 0.001, respectively). Individuals who had three or more identified medication therapy problems (MTPs) had a significantly higher SBP (β = 19.10, p = 0.001) and DBP (β = 9.60, p = 0.015) than individuals who had no MTPs identified. The CHW provided 100 referrals, often for medical services beyond the scope of the free clinic.
Conclusion
This study highlights the effectiveness of a pharmacist-CHW cardiovascular clinic model in significantly improving blood pressure outcomes over time. The findings demonstrate the potential to integrate CHWs and address SDOH, ultimately enhancing care delivery for diverse populations. Future research should explore the model's scalability, economic impact, and effectiveness in managing other chronic conditions.
药剂师主导的干预措施在管理心血管危险因素方面已被证明是成功的；解决健康的社会驱动因素对于改善健康结果至关重要。社区卫生工作者（CHWs）可以帮助克服SDOH障碍并加强保健服务。很少有关于药剂师与chw合作的研究，特别是在免费诊所。本研究的目的是表征药剂师- chw管理的心血管临床模型的基础设施，并评估收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）是否随时间变化。方法采用药师与CHW角色匹配的模型结构对药师的病人护理过程进行表征。这项单中心回顾性研究评估了2023年2月1日至2024年9月4日期间从事药师- chw服务的高血压患者。数据包括人口统计数据，以及临床和SDOH结果。线性混合效应模型（LMEM）评估了预测变量、时间及其相互作用之间的关系。使用LMM的多变量分析包括预测因子，而排除具有多重共线性或有限数据的变量。结果分析了231次就诊的53例独特患者的数据。随着时间的推移，收缩压和舒张压显著降低，预计平均分别降低9.63和7.57 mmHg （β = - 9.63, p = 0.002和β = - 7.57, p < 0.001）。有三个或更多药物治疗问题（MTPs）的个体的收缩压（β = 19.10, p = 0.001）和舒张压（β = 9.60, p = 0.015）显著高于无MTPs的个体。卫生保健中心提供了100次转诊，通常是免费诊所范围之外的医疗服务。结论：本研究强调了药师- chw心血管临床模型在长期显著改善血压预后方面的有效性。研究结果表明，整合卫生保健和解决SDOH的潜力，最终提高对不同人群的护理服务。未来的研究应该探索该模型的可扩展性、经济影响和管理其他慢性病的有效性。
{"title":"Outcomes of the Pharmacist and Community Health Worker Heart Healthy Clinic Model","authors":"Mitchell L. Struewing, Omolola A. Adeoye-Olatunde, Yuedi Yang, Kourtney A. D. Byrd, Megan E. Conklin, Jasmine D. Gonzalvo, Kalesia Smith, Ashley H. Meredith","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharmacist-led interventions have demonstrated success in managing cardiovascular risk factors; addressing social drivers of health (SDOH) is essential to improving health outcomes. Community health workers (CHWs) can help overcome SDOH barriers and enhance care delivery. Little research exists on pharmacist-CHW collaborations, particularly in free clinics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objectives of this study were to characterize the infrastructure of a pharmacist-CHW managed cardiovascular clinic model and assess whether systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) changed over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Pharmacists' Patient Care Process characterized the model infrastructure aligning pharmacist and CHW roles. This single-center, retrospective study evaluated patients with hypertension engaged in pharmacist-CHW services between February 1, 2023 and September 4, 2024. Data included demographics, as well as clinical and SDOH outcomes. A Linear Mixed Effects Model (LMEM) assessed the relationship between predictor variables, time, and their interaction. Multivariable analysis using LMM included predictors while excluding variables with multicollinearity or limited data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were analyzed for 53 unique patients across 231 visits. SBP and DBP decreased significantly over time, with a predicted mean reduction of 9.63 and 7.57 mmHg, respectively (<i>β</i> = −9.63, <i>p</i> = 0.002 and <i>β</i> = −7.57, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Individuals who had three or more identified medication therapy problems (MTPs) had a significantly higher SBP (<i>β</i> = 19.10, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and DBP (<i>β</i> = 9.60, <i>p</i> = 0.015) than individuals who had no MTPs identified. The CHW provided 100 referrals, often for medical services beyond the scope of the free clinic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the effectiveness of a pharmacist-CHW cardiovascular clinic model in significantly improving blood pressure outcomes over time. The findings demonstrate the potential to integrate CHWs and address SDOH, ultimately enhancing care delivery for diverse populations. Future research should explore the model's scalability, economic impact, and effectiveness in managing other chronic conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 9","pages":"850-859"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jac5.70108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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