{"title":"Optimization of Pre-treatment Conditions of Water Hyacinth Leaf, Stem and Root for Bioethanol Production","authors":"O. Adeyemi, O. Olayebi","doi":"10.9734/ACSJ/2016/27091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSJ/2016/27091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"440 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82911138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The elucidation of Bombax brevicuspe wood was analysed for thermal and physico-chemical techniques. The results obtained were as follows: afterglow time 253.67 sec, flame duration 113.33 sec, flame propagation rate 20.3x10-2cm.s-1, ignition time 2.33 sec, thermal conductivity 51.34x102Umoh/cm, electrical conductivity 5.3x10-3Sm-1, ash content 3.4%, moisture content 29.97%, oven dry density 22.3x10-2g.cm-3, water imbibitions (at different time intervals: 30 mins 46.6%, 5hrs 87.6% and 24 hrs 148.9%), etc, These results showed it to be a good timber suitable for various construction purposes. The elemental analysis obtained through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) indicated the absence of Ca, as well as the presence of Na, K, Pb, Mg, Zn, As, Cu, Hg and Cd in their decreasing order of magnitude respectively as follows: 1.07%, 0.08%, 0.08%, 0.07%, 0.05%, 0,02%, 0.01%, 0.01% and 0.003%. Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) analysis gave Retardation factor (Rf) value of 0.62 in the chloroform-methanol extract. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of all the tested secondary metabolites except steroids which indicated its therapeutic ability. Their proportions are indicated thus; saponins (10.2%), tannins (920 Mg/100 g), flavonoids (8.0%), carbohydrates (1.62 Mg/g), proteins (1.55%), glycosides (356 Mg/100 g) and alkaloids (5.6%). The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Ultraviolet (UV) spectra suggested that the active compound might be 1,2,3-trisubstituted aromatic compound with C=O, O-H and C=N groups attached. The chemical components analysis showed the presence of cellulose 43%, hemicelluloses 20%, lignin 29% and other constituents in their right proportion. From the results, Bombax brevicuspe wood could be used for various construction purposes and it also poses some medicinal ability due to the presence of secondary metabolites
对短叶杉木材进行了热、理化分析。结果表明:余辉时间253.67秒，火焰持续时间113.33秒，火焰传播速率20.3x10-2cm。s-1，点火时间2.33秒，导热系数51.34x102Umoh/cm，电导率5.3x10-3Sm-1，灰分含量3.4%，含水率29.97%，烘箱干密度22.3x10-2g。吸水率(不同时间间隔:30 min 46.6%， 5h 87.6%， 24 h 148.9%)等，是一种适用于各种建筑用途的优良木材。原子吸收分光光度计(AAS)元素分析表明，Ca的存在率为1.07%、0.08%、0.08%、0.07%、0.07%、0.05%、0.02%、0.01%、0.01%、0.003%，Na、K、Pb、Mg、Zn、as、Cu、Hg、Cd的存在率依次为0.07%、0.08%、0.08%、0.07%、0.05%。薄层色谱(TLC)分析表明，氯仿-甲醇提取物的阻滞因子(Rf)值为0.62。植物化学筛选显示，除甾体外，所有被测次级代谢物均存在，表明其具有治疗能力。它们的比例是这样表示的;皂苷(10.2%)、单宁(920 Mg/100 g)、类黄酮(8.0%)、碳水化合物(1.62 Mg/g)、蛋白质(1.55%)、糖苷(356 Mg/100 g)和生物碱(5.6%)。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和紫外光谱(UV)表明，活性化合物可能是由C=O、O- h和C=N基团连接的1,2,3-三取代芳香化合物。化学成分分析表明，纤维素占43%，半纤维素占20%，木质素占29%，其他成分按适当比例存在。综上所述，短叶杉木可用于多种建筑用途，且由于其次生代谢产物的存在，具有一定的药用价值
{"title":"Characterisation, Phytochemical and Functional Groups Assay of Bombax brevicuspe Stem: A Tropical Timber","authors":"I. P. Udeozo, C. Ejikeme, A. Eboatu, H. Kelle","doi":"10.9734/acsj/2016/27047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2016/27047","url":null,"abstract":"The elucidation of Bombax brevicuspe wood was analysed for thermal and physico-chemical techniques. The results obtained were as follows: afterglow time 253.67 sec, flame duration 113.33 sec, flame propagation rate 20.3x10-2cm.s-1, ignition time 2.33 sec, thermal conductivity 51.34x102Umoh/cm, electrical conductivity 5.3x10-3Sm-1, ash content 3.4%, moisture content 29.97%, oven dry density 22.3x10-2g.cm-3, water imbibitions (at different time intervals: 30 mins 46.6%, 5hrs 87.6% and 24 hrs 148.9%), etc, These results showed it to be a good timber suitable for various construction purposes. The elemental analysis obtained through Atomic Absorption \u0000Spectrophotometer (AAS) indicated the absence of Ca, as well as the presence of Na, K, Pb, Mg, Zn, As, Cu, Hg and Cd in their decreasing order of magnitude respectively as follows: 1.07%, 0.08%, 0.08%, 0.07%, 0.05%, 0,02%, 0.01%, 0.01% and 0.003%. Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) analysis gave Retardation factor (Rf) value of 0.62 in the chloroform-methanol extract. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of all the tested secondary metabolites except steroids which indicated its therapeutic ability. Their proportions are indicated thus; saponins (10.2%), tannins (920 Mg/100 g), flavonoids (8.0%), carbohydrates (1.62 Mg/g), proteins (1.55%), glycosides (356 Mg/100 g) and alkaloids (5.6%). The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Ultraviolet (UV) spectra suggested that the active compound might be 1,2,3-trisubstituted aromatic compound with C=O, O-H and C=N groups attached. The chemical components analysis showed the presence of cellulose 43%, hemicelluloses 20%, lignin 29% and other constituents in their right \u0000proportion. From the results, Bombax brevicuspe wood could be used for various construction purposes and it also poses some medicinal ability due to the presence of secondary metabolites","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83024619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Udebuani, A. Ofoma, O. Otitoju, P. Abara, T. Ezejiofor, M. Chukwuma
{"title":"Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Impacts of Pharmaceutical Effluent from KP Pharmaceutical Industry, Nigeria","authors":"A. Udebuani, A. Ofoma, O. Otitoju, P. Abara, T. Ezejiofor, M. Chukwuma","doi":"10.9734/ACSJ/2016/27604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSJ/2016/27604","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"1992 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86589939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Michael, I. Aderemi, Onoyioma Christian, A. Adedayo, Y. James, A. Salamatu
{"title":"Multivariate Analysis of Under Ground Water Pollution Sources in Agbabu Bitumen Belt","authors":"A. Michael, I. Aderemi, Onoyioma Christian, A. Adedayo, Y. James, A. Salamatu","doi":"10.9734/acsj/2016/21991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2016/21991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86798939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, nylon 6/66 (S0) and nylon 6/66/510 (S1~S3) containing 5 ~ 15 mol % nylon-510 were synthesized by melt condensation polymerization and the isothermal crystallization kinetics and melting behaviors after isothermal crystallization of copolymer were systematically studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The chemical structures and molecular weights were characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR). The values of t 1/2 and the equilibrium melting temperature for all samples were calculated by Avrami equation and HoffmanWeeks, respectively. The crystal structure of the copolyamides were also investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WARD). The results shows that: (1) Avrami model can be used to well describe the isothermal crystallization behavior of the copolyamides, and all the values of t 1/2 increase with increasing the Tc or the mole fraction of nylon 510. (2) The crystallization activation energy ( ∆E) and nucleation constant ( Kg) both increase with increasing the mole fraction of nylon-510, which indicating that the addition of nylon nylon-510 decreases the crystallization rate of copolymer.
{"title":"Isothermal Crystallizaiton Kinetic and Melting Behaviors of Nylon 6/66/510","authors":"Lei Zhou, Weilan Xue, Zuoxiang Zeng","doi":"10.9734/ACSJ/2016/25442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSJ/2016/25442","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, nylon 6/66 (S0) and nylon 6/66/510 (S1~S3) containing 5 ~ 15 mol % nylon-510 were synthesized by melt condensation polymerization and the isothermal crystallization kinetics and melting behaviors after isothermal crystallization of copolymer were systematically studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The chemical structures and molecular weights were characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR). The values of t 1/2 and the equilibrium melting temperature for all samples were calculated by Avrami equation and HoffmanWeeks, respectively. The crystal structure of the copolyamides were also investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WARD). The results shows that: (1) Avrami model can be used to well describe the isothermal crystallization behavior of the copolyamides, and all the values of t 1/2 increase with increasing the Tc or the mole fraction of nylon 510. (2) The crystallization activation energy ( ∆E) and nucleation constant ( Kg) both increase with increasing the mole fraction of nylon-510, which indicating that the addition of nylon nylon-510 decreases the crystallization rate of copolymer.","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82275257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Debye relaxation equation and its derivatives were used to analyze the experimental permittivity data of high purityPropan-1-ol and Propan-2-ol over the frequency up to 10GHz and temperature range of 10oC to 50oC. The plots of dielectric constant ε and loss factor ε against the frequency were found useful in determining how well experimental data fits the Debye equation and these methods were also found capable of reproducing good results of fitted data using doubleDebye. The dielectric constant of Propan-1-ol was found to decrease as the temperature increases beyond 10oC whereas that of Propan-2-ol increased at the temperature 20oC. It then decreased as the temperature increased beyond 20oC. The loss factor on the other hand was found decreasing as the temperature increases for both Propan-1-ol and Propan-2-ol. This work also reveals that Propan-2-ol at 20oC followed Debye relaxation equation only at frequency range 5GHz.
{"title":"Dielectric Study of Pure Propan-1-OL and Propan-2-OL Using Debye Relaxation Method","authors":"M. Onimisi, J. Ikyumbur","doi":"10.9734/acsj/2016/21662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2016/21662","url":null,"abstract":"The Debye relaxation equation and its derivatives were used to analyze the experimental permittivity data of high purityPropan-1-ol and Propan-2-ol over the frequency up to 10GHz and temperature range of 10oC to 50oC. The plots of dielectric constant ε and loss factor ε against the frequency were found useful in determining how well experimental data fits the Debye equation and these methods were also found capable of reproducing good results of fitted data using doubleDebye. The dielectric constant of Propan-1-ol was found to decrease as the temperature increases beyond 10oC whereas that of Propan-2-ol increased at the temperature 20oC. It then decreased as the temperature increased beyond 20oC. The loss factor on the other hand was found decreasing as the temperature increases for both Propan-1-ol and Propan-2-ol. This work also reveals that Propan-2-ol at 20oC followed Debye relaxation equation only at frequency range 5GHz.","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82555217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A prospective study on the synthesis of sulfomethylated urea, thiourea and aniline is presented. Experiments were performed under atmospheric pressure. The obtained products and compositions based thereon can be used as inhibitors of mineral scales. Products were prepared at four different composition of components and named DASS-1 to DASS-4. Optimal conditions for the production of desired products are defined. All synthesized products have inhibitory properties, but their individual application for waters with high hardness do not provide the desired result and approximately 50-80 % lower than the standard reference industrial scale inhibitors. However, high effective inhibitors were developed through preparing a composition in equimolecular proportions of the synthesized products with IOMS-1 and OEDP. The inhibition efficiency of the product of DASS-1+OEDP with a concentration of 3.0+2.0 reaches 96.5% at a water hardness of 4-5 mEq/L (about 30% efficiency) and 92.0% at 13-14 mEq/L (10% efficiency). It is proved that the inhibitory properties of complexons (chelating agents) were clearly affected by the denticity of complexing ligands.
{"title":"Synthesis of Sulfomethylated Urea, Thiourea, Aniline Derivatives and Their Application","authors":"H. Kodirov","doi":"10.9734/acsj/2016/26805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2016/26805","url":null,"abstract":"A prospective study on the synthesis of sulfomethylated urea, thiourea and aniline is presented. Experiments were performed under atmospheric pressure. The obtained products and compositions based thereon can be used as inhibitors of mineral scales. Products were prepared at four different composition of components and named DASS-1 to DASS-4. Optimal conditions for the production of desired products are defined. All synthesized products have inhibitory properties, but their individual application for waters with high hardness do not provide the desired result and approximately 50-80 % lower than the standard reference industrial scale inhibitors. However, high effective inhibitors were developed through preparing a composition in equimolecular proportions of the synthesized products with IOMS-1 and OEDP. The inhibition efficiency of the product of DASS-1+OEDP with a concentration of 3.0+2.0 reaches 96.5% at a water hardness of 4-5 mEq/L (about 30% efficiency) and 92.0% at 13-14 mEq/L (10% efficiency). It is proved that the inhibitory properties of complexons (chelating agents) were clearly affected by the denticity of complexing ligands.","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"120 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82586852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Investigation into the Effect of Some Selected pH Control Chemicals {Ca(OH)2, NaHCO3 and CaCO3} on Batch Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of Jimeta Metropolis","authors":"Ojo Samuel, B. Mohammed, Aaron Bakut","doi":"10.9734/acsj/2016/21586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2016/21586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89490621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mamedov, Z. Salimov, L. Mashadiyeva, M. Babanly
{"title":"Thermodynamic Calculation and 3D Modeling of the Liquidus and Immiscibility Surfaces of the Ge–Cu–Tl System","authors":"A. Mamedov, Z. Salimov, L. Mashadiyeva, M. Babanly","doi":"10.9734/acsj/2016/21808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2016/21808","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90111364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chitosan-Grafted Carbon for the Sequestration of Heavy Metals in Aqueous Solution","authors":"A. Okoya, A. Akinyele, O. S. Amuda, I. Ofoezie","doi":"10.9734/acsj/2016/21813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2016/21813","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74725516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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