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Toward a semiotic pyramid: language studies, AI, and knowledge exchange economy 走向符号金字塔:语言研究、人工智能和知识交换经济
Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1515/lass-2023-0016
Felix Poschinger, R. Coon
Abstract This paper addresses the interrelation between AI and language studies in the (digital) humanities in the context of knowledge exchange economies. We propose a three-dimensional semiotic model (pyramid) that includes AI as an active agent in meaning-creation into the sign system of communication and test its validity on autocompletion and predictive texting. We, therefore, analyzed 360 million tweets on COVID-19 over a period of 2 years and focused on the time-dependent shift of language use in the positive and negative extremes correlating to significant external events. The data suggest that digital language use has significantly changed over the course of the pandemic. Feedback loops are created between AI, utterance, and external reality that fossilize preconceived notions into textual isoglosses by suggesting and completing text entries. We thus argue that AI subtly changes the perception of reality by influencing the choice of wording. To mitigate the impact of AI in meaning-creation, we highlight the structural precautions undertaken by providers; we argue, however, that the (digital) humanities may re-emphasize their intrinsic value within the economy of knowledge exchange according to the subject-specific insights they may provide for language use and AI.
摘要本文探讨了知识交换经济背景下人工智能与(数字)人文学科语言研究之间的相互关系。我们提出了一个三维符号学模型(金字塔),将人工智能作为意义创造的主动主体纳入到通信的符号系统中,并测试了其在自动补全和预测文本上的有效性。因此,我们分析了两年内有关COVID-19的3.6亿条推文,重点关注与重大外部事件相关的积极极端和消极极端中语言使用的时间依赖性转变。数据表明,在疫情期间,数字语言的使用发生了重大变化。在人工智能、话语和外部现实之间建立反馈循环,通过建议和完成文本条目,将先入之见固化为文本等值损失。因此,我们认为人工智能通过影响措辞的选择,微妙地改变了对现实的感知。为了减轻人工智能对意义创造的影响,我们强调了提供商采取的结构性预防措施;然而,我们认为,(数字)人文学科可能会根据它们可能为语言使用和人工智能提供的特定学科的见解,重新强调它们在知识交换经济中的内在价值。
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引用次数: 0
An interpretation of the imagery symbol of the Panopticon in The Eye in the Door 《门中的眼睛》中圆形监狱的意象符号解读
Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1515/lass-2023-0023
Yansheng Zhu
Abstract The Eye in the Door is one of the masterpieces of Pat Barker, a famous contemporary British female writer. In this novel the image of the Panopticon stands out because of its high frequency and detailed descriptions, and it also becomes the key to the interpretation of the novel because of its relation to the fates of many characters and its metaphorical meanings. From the perspective of semiotics, this paper makes a progressive interpretation of this imagery symbol from three aspects: the features of the Panopticon in the surface sense, the surveillance function and power mechanism of the Panopticon in the deeper sense, and the Panopticon as the metaphor of the British society during the First World War in the social and cultural sense, then points out that the imagery symbol of the Panopticon is the encoding and embodiment of the writer’s ideas. Through this imagery symbol, the writer criticizes the disciplinary characteristics and totalitarian tendency of the British society during the First World War and expresses her reflection on the First World War and its causes.
《门中的眼睛》是英国当代著名女作家帕特·巴克的代表作之一。在这部小说中,圆形监狱的形象因其出现频率高、描写细致而引人注目,也因其与众多人物命运的关系和隐喻意义而成为解读小说的关键。从符号学的角度,本文进一步解释这个意象符号的三个方面:表面意义上的“圆形监狱”的特性,“圆形监狱”的监控功能和权力机制在更深层次的意义上,和“圆形监狱”的比喻英国社会在第一次世界大战期间的社会和文化意义,然后指出“圆形监狱”的意象符号的编码和体现作者的想法。通过这一意象符号,作者批判了第一次世界大战期间英国社会的纪律特征和极权主义倾向,表达了她对第一次世界大战及其原因的反思。
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引用次数: 0
Linguistic expressions of despondency: an investigation of Sangness-related Chinese catchwords 沮丧的语言表达:sanginess相关汉语流行语的调查
Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1515/lass-2023-0020
Yehui Song, Junkai Xue, Yali Ma, Junhua Mo
Abstract Catchwords, as important social and cultural symbols, are the barometer of a country’s society and culture. In China, various catchwords are coined and used every year by Chinese people, especially the young. Of these catchwords, one particular type that expresses despondency or Sangness is increasingly gaining scholarly attention. This study takes a socio-linguistic approach to investigating the most frequently used Sangness-related Chinese catchwords in the past ten years. By examining the annual top ten catchwords selected by Biting Words and Chewing Words between 2013 and 2022, it finds that the most frequently used Sangness-related Chinese catchwords in the past decade have been (1) Ge You Slouch, (2) feeling awful and wanting to cry, (3) Buddha-like, (4) 996 work schedule, (5) life is too hard for me, (6) laborer, (7) involution, (8) lying flat, and (9) mental internal friction. These catchwords mainly serve the functions of deconstructing mainstream values, expressing self-mockery, and seeking value recognition. The development of these Sangness-related catchwords is characterized by an increasing diversity and a stronger applicability.
流行语作为重要的社会文化符号,是一个国家社会文化的晴雨表。在中国,中国人,尤其是年轻人,每年都会创造和使用各种流行语。在这些流行语中,有一种表达沮丧或忧郁的特殊类型越来越受到学术界的关注。本研究采用社会语言学的方法,对近十年来使用频率最高的“僧”相关汉语流行语进行了调查。通过对2013年至2022年《咬词与咀嚼词》评选的年度十大流行语进行分析,发现近十年来使用频率最高的与“僧”相关的汉语流行语分别是(1)葛优懒散、(2)难受想哭、(3)佛系、(4)996工作制、(5)生活太辛苦、(6)苦力、(7)内耗、(8)平躺、(9)心理内耗。这些流行语主要具有解构主流价值观、表达自嘲、寻求价值认同的功能。这些与sangness相关的流行语的发展呈现出越来越多样化和适用性强的特点。
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引用次数: 0
Human sense and plant blindness 人类的感官和植物的失明
Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1515/lass-2023-0017
Dario Dellino
Abstract Victoria Welby introduces the concept of “Significs” as a methodology that could bridge the various sciences, theoretical trends, and practices in human experience. “Sense”, “meaning”, and “significance” are the three terms in her most important meaning triad. The first level of meaning, ‘sense’ refers to the generation of meaning processes in terms of organic life and perception. Welby hypothesizes that the organic dimension of sense and its human dimension are closely intertwined. She theorized the need for “plastic language” in a biological sense, which she equated with pragmatic, ethic and aesthetic sense: the relation between word and context could be similar to the one between the organism and its environment. The plastic dimension of verbal language and signs in general is necessary for adaptation, development, and expressivity. A century later Elisabeth Schussler and James Wandersee introduce the concept of “plant blindness” which is a human tendency to ignore, in all “senses”, plant species. Plants are different in all aspects from animals: they are not even considered “individuals”. In the etymological sense “individual” means “not divisible”. Plants are “morphologically” divisible. In this presentation I intend to compare these two concepts and analyse their consequences.
维多利亚·韦尔比(Victoria Welby)介绍了“意义”的概念,认为它是一种可以连接人类经验中的各种科学、理论趋势和实践的方法论。“感觉”、“意义”和“意义”是她最重要的三个意义三位一体。意义的第一层次,“感觉”是指在有机生命和感知方面意义过程的产生。韦尔比假设感官的有机维度和人类维度是紧密交织在一起的。她从生物学的角度出发,将“可塑语言”的必要性理论化,并将其等同于实用主义、伦理和审美意识:单词与语境之间的关系可能类似于有机体与其环境之间的关系。一般来说,言语和符号的可塑性是适应、发展和表达所必需的。一个世纪后,Elisabeth Schussler和James Wandersee引入了“植物盲目性”的概念,这是一种人类在所有“感官”上忽视植物物种的倾向。植物在各个方面都不同于动物:它们甚至不被认为是“个体”。在词源学上,“individual”的意思是“不可分割的”。植物在“形态上”是可分的。在这次演讲中,我打算比较这两个概念并分析它们的后果。
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引用次数: 0
Recovering from cultural blindness: multimodal Positive Discourse Analysis of metaphors in hand-drawn sketches about Islam 从文化盲目性中恢复:伊斯兰手绘速写中隐喻的多模态积极话语分析
Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1515/lass-2023-0005
May S. El-Falaky
Abstract This paper extends Nartey’s model of Positive Discourse Analysis (PDA), examining the visual metaphors (VM) in the representations of Islamic identity. The paper highlights how hand-drawings operate as a positive discourse resisting negative accusations in hegemonic discourses about Islam. This PDA study is an intellectual proximity between semiotics, VMs and cultural studies. Through the constructed framework, I argue that PDA can utilize VMs to construct/construe homogeneity and inclusiveness. Through the findings of this study, we can construe the imageries as a reflection of the physical and cultural environments whose cognition is attained by examining how semiotic signs reflect and are reflected by conscious awareness and perception. A major criticism of PDA is its lack of contextual framing, that’s why this paper provides a contextual framing mixing semiotic visuality and the sociocultural construal of discursive representation of Muslim identity. The interpretation of the findings is contextualized after the adaptation of the philosophical view of Molyneux’s question, the issue of blindness from birth, and the capability of seeing things properly if someone, hypothetically, gains his sight again.
本文扩展了Nartey的积极话语分析(PDA)模型,考察了伊斯兰身份表征中的视觉隐喻(VM)。本文强调了手绘如何作为一种积极的话语来抵制关于伊斯兰教的霸权话语中的消极指责。本PDA研究是符号学、虚拟机和文化研究之间的智力接近。通过构建的框架,我认为PDA可以利用虚拟机来构建/解释同质性和包容性。通过本研究的发现,我们可以将图像解释为对物质和文化环境的反映,通过考察符号符号如何反映和被有意识的意识和知觉所反映来获得认知。对PDA的一个主要批评是它缺乏语境框架,这就是为什么本文提供了一个混合了符号学视觉性和穆斯林身份话语表征的社会文化解释的语境框架。对这些发现的解释是基于Molyneux问题的哲学观点,即出生时失明的问题,以及如果某人重新获得视力,他是否能够正确地看到事物。
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引用次数: 0
Digital tildes (“∼”) may convey more: analyzing innovative uses of tildes in Chinese WeChat messages 数字波浪线(“∼”)可能传达更多信息:分析波浪线在中文微信消息中的创新用法
Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1515/lass-2023-0009
Huan Xu, Dengshan Xia
Abstract Innovative uses of punctuation in online communication have become increasingly visible in research and public awareness since the 2000s, whereas studies on the innovative use of tildes (“∼”) in digital use remain scarce. Drawing on a data set of 543 Chinese WeChat messages with sentence-final tildes, this article investigates the uses and functions of innovative tildes in online communication using quantitative data and follow-up interviews. The findings suggest that: (1) The innovative tildes are deployed in messages implying sounds and performing speech acts in online communication, and they are more frequently used in speech acts (e.g., expressives and directives in particular). (2) The innovative tildes convey sound extension, i.e., to compensate for the loss of audio information in online communication and reproduce elongated sounds; pragmatic function, i.e., to enhance or mitigate the illocutionary forces of speech acts; and entertaining function, i.e., to make messages informal, vivid, joyful, and interesting. (3) The innovative tildes are pragmalicalized as a result of their semiotic features and politeness motivation of messengers for maintaining rapport and achieving successful online communication.
自2000年代以来,标点符号在在线交流中的创新使用在研究和公众意识中越来越明显,而在数字使用中创新使用波浪号(“~”)的研究仍然很少。本文利用543条中文微信消息数据集,采用定量数据和随访访谈的方法,研究了创新波浪在在线交流中的用途和功能。研究结果表明:(1)创新浪潮主要出现在网络交际中暗示声音和言语行为的信息中,并且在言语行为(特别是表达和指示)中使用频率更高。(2)创新的波浪表达声音的延伸,即弥补在线交流中音频信息的丢失,再现拉长的声音;语用功能,即增强或减轻言语行为的言外力量;娱乐功能,即使信息非正式、生动、愉快、有趣。(3)创新浪潮由于其符号学特征和信使的礼貌动机而被语用化,以维持融洽的关系,实现成功的在线交流。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural conceptulisations in Elijah Akintunde’s Yoruba ballad gospel song Ijo Odi ‘Dance of the Deaf’ Elijah Akintunde的约鲁巴民谣福音歌曲《Ijo Odi》中的文化概念
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1515/lass-2023-0010
Rotimi Taiwo, Mayowa Fawunmi, Ajibola Ogundare
Abstract What kind of actions or reactions can sudden good news elicit in the experiencer? How can these actions/reactions be cognitively interpreted by others? Is there a nexus between social realities and the gospel? Using these questions as a spark, this article critically examines the cultural conceptualisations in Ijo Odi, a Yoruba gospel ballad by Elijah Akintunde. Drawing insights from Cultural Linguistics, this study argues that cultural symbols and structures (schemas, categories, and metaphors) are deployed in gospel music to capture the message of liberation from socio-economic challenges. Specifically, DANCE and DEAFNESS are mapped to express the kind of PERPLEXITY and ABSURDITY that characterise reaction to SUDDEN PLEASANT NEWS. The song also invokes cognitive schemas and cultural memories of dance, cultural class categories and metaphorization of dance and its internalized network of cognitive associations in the Yoruba world view to project the message of prosperity as a miracle. The study concludes that language is firmly grounded in cultural cognition and the complex socio-economic lives of Nigerians can be captured in the negotiation of spirituality in gospel songs. Future research may explore how the artistic performance of other music genres equally evoke cultural imageries in communicating other diverse issues.
突然的好消息会在体验者中引起什么样的行动或反应?他人如何在认知上解释这些行为/反应?社会现实和福音之间有联系吗?本文以这些问题为启发,批判性地检视约鲁巴福音民谣《Ijo Odi》中的文化概念。借鉴文化语言学的见解,本研究认为,在福音音乐中使用文化符号和结构(图式、类别和隐喻),以捕捉从社会经济挑战中解放出来的信息。具体地说,舞蹈和耳聋是用来表达对突如其来的好消息的反应所特有的那种困惑和荒谬。这首歌还唤起了对舞蹈的认知图式和文化记忆,文化阶层分类和舞蹈的隐喻以及约鲁巴人世界观中其内化的认知联系网络来传达繁荣作为奇迹的信息。该研究的结论是,语言牢固地建立在文化认知的基础上,尼日利亚人复杂的社会经济生活可以在福音歌曲的灵性谈判中得到体现。未来的研究可能会探讨其他音乐流派的艺术表演如何在交流其他不同问题时同样唤起文化意象。
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引用次数: 0
A multimodal analysis of Piggyvest’s animated advertisement videos Piggyvest动画广告视频的多模态分析
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/lass-2023-0013
Toluwani Deborah Odedeyi, T. Ajayi
Abstract This study examines the persuasive strategies in selected animated advertisement videos by Piggyvest, the first and one of the fastest-growing online savings platforms in Nigeria, whose modus operandi is quite different from those of the conventional banking system. Drawing insights from Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2006. Reading images: The grammar of visual design, 2nd edn. New York: Routledge) Multimodal Discourse Analytic framework, 12 samples of Piggyvest’s animated videos (for advertisements) were randomly sampled out of the 30 videos initially purposively sampled. Findings reveal metaphorisation of financial management and discipline, playing around gender-related ideas on finances, foregrounding of aspirations and financial decisions, depiction of cognitive strength and weakness on money matters, and striking a connection between money and relationships are persuasive strategies deployed in the animated advertisement videos by Piggyvest to appeal to their target audience.
摘要:本研究考察了Piggyvest在选定的动画广告视频中的说服策略,Piggyvest是尼日利亚第一个也是增长最快的在线储蓄平台之一,其运作方式与传统银行系统截然不同。从Kress和van Leeuwen(2006)的研究中获得见解。阅读图像:视觉设计的语法,第2版。在多模态语篇分析框架下,从最初有目的的30个视频中随机抽取了12个Piggyvest的动画视频(用于广告)样本。调查结果显示,Piggyvest在动画广告视频中运用了一些有说服力的策略,包括对财务管理和纪律的隐喻、在财务方面与性别有关的想法、对抱负和财务决策的前景、对金钱问题认知强弱的描述、以及在金钱和人际关系之间建立联系等,以吸引目标受众。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of semantic predictability on transposition effects in Chinese and English 语义可预测性对汉英换位效应的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/lass-2023-2002
Feng Wang, Guanjie Jia, Yun Wang
Abstract Semantic predictability is one of the important factors that influence word processing and recognition. Based on the SPaM paradigm (Self-paced reading + Masked priming), the present study explores the influence of semantic predictability on TL effects in Chinese and English. The findings show that in both languages, internal and final transpositions produce priming effect in low-predictability preceding and following contexts as well as in high-predictability following contexts. From the perspective of priming magnitude, internal transposition produces greater priming effect than final transposition in English, while in Chinese, final transposition produces greater priming effect than internal transposition. In high-predictability preceding contexts, internal and final transpositions reveal significant priming effect and initial transposition produces close-to-significant-level priming effect in English, while in Chinese, no significant priming effect is observed in initial, internal or final transpositions.
语义可预测性是影响文字处理和识别的重要因素之一。基于SPaM范式(自定节奏阅读+隐性启动),本研究探讨了语义可预见性对汉语和英语语用效应的影响。研究结果表明,在两种语言中,内部和最终转位在低可预测性的前后语境和高可预测性的后语境中都产生启动效应。从启动量的角度看,英语中,内转位产生的启动效应大于末转位,汉语中,末转位产生的启动效应大于内转位。在高可预见性语境中,内置和末置的启动效应显著,英语中初始换位产生了接近显著水平的启动效应,而汉语中初始、内置和末置的启动效应均不显著。
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引用次数: 0
Frontmatter 头版头条
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/lass-2023-frontmatter2
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引用次数: 0
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Language and semiotic studies
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