Polymeric micelles are nanoscale core-shell structures formed by amphiphilic (block or graft) copolymers, that can self-aggregate in an aqueous medium. PMs characterized by small size, spherical shape, lower critical micellar concentration, which gave higher stability for PMs over conventional surfactant micelles. The core/shell structure permits polymeric micelle to entrap poor soluble drugs and can improve their solubility and permeability. The preparation of PMs tends to be relatively easy as compared to other novel drug delivery systems. This review focus on the general properties, types, types of copolymer utilized, formation mechanism, preparation methods, characterization techniques, and the applications on PMs.
{"title":"Highlights on polymeric micelles as versatile nanocarriers for drug transporting","authors":"Hussein A. Abdul Hussein, Nidhal K. Maraie","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v21i2.806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v21i2.806","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric micelles are nanoscale core-shell structures formed by amphiphilic (block or graft) copolymers, that can self-aggregate in an aqueous medium. PMs characterized by small size, spherical shape, lower critical micellar concentration, which gave higher \u0000stability for PMs over conventional surfactant micelles. The core/shell structure permits polymeric micelle to entrap poor soluble drugs and can improve their solubility and permeability. The preparation of PMs tends to be relatively easy as compared to other novel drug delivery systems. This review focus on the general properties, types, types of copolymer utilized, formation mechanism, preparation methods, characterization techniques, and the applications on PMs.","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89605742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatima Mohammad Saeed Mahdi, M. G. Alabbassi, Muthanna Ibrahim, Al-Ezzi
Fibrosis of the lungs is the final phase of many lung illnesses. Its characterized by excessive matrix production leading to the normal lung architecture destruction and eventually death. CoQ10 is an essential constituent of membrane oxidoreductase System. It is an intracellularly localized antioxidant enzyme that is endogenously synthesized in humans. CoQ10 protects cellular components from destruction by free radical-induced oxidative damage. candesartan is a selective antagonist of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) and is widely employed for treatment of hypertension. Most up to date research shows angiotensin II close involvement with damage and fibrosis process in tissues of organs of circulation. Objective: This animal study was designed to investigate the effect of Co Q10 and candesartan as antifibrotic agents against pulmonary fibrosis focusing on selected markers involved in pulmonary fibrosis. Materials and Method: 48 rats divided randomly into four groups, each consisting of 12 male rats. Group I: (Control group), the rats in this group received single injection of 0.2 ml normal saline via intratracheal route. Group II: (The BLM group), received BLM (8.3 U/kg) as a single dose via the intratracheal rout. Group III: (BLM+CoQ10 group) rats receive BLM (8.3 U/kg) as sulfate salt dissolved in 0.1 ml of normal saline via the intratracheal instillation concomitant with 100 mg/kg co Q 10 per day orally for 5 days before and 10 days after BLM injection. Group IV: (BLM+ candesartan group) rats receive BLM (8.3 U/kg) as sulfate salt dissolved in 0.1 ml of normal saline via the intratracheal instillation concomitant with (10 mg/kg) candesartan per day orally for 5 days before and 10 days after BLM injection. The studied serum biomarkers were glutathione, arachidonate 5 lipoxygenase in addition to histopathological examination using trichrome stain. Results: serum GSH concentration was lower in BLM group in comparison with the control group and the (BLM+ CoQ10) but this difference is not statistically significant. The serum GSH levels showed a significant(P<0.05) elevation in (BLM+ Candesartan) group when compared with the levels in the BLM group. The serum ALOX5 concentration was significantly elevated in BLM group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). The serum ALOX5 levels were highly significantly lower in (BLM +CoQ10) (P < 0.01) and very highly significantly lower in the (BLM+ Candesartan) group (P < 0.001) when comparing it with the levels in the BLM group. furthermore, histologically CoQ10 and candesartan showed reduction in the numbers of inflammation cells and a decrease in the damage to the lung architecture and fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Conclusion: CoQ10 and candesartan decrease pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in male rats.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Co Q10 and Candesartan on Bleomyycin Induced Lung Fibrosis in Rats","authors":"Fatima Mohammad Saeed Mahdi, M. G. Alabbassi, Muthanna Ibrahim, Al-Ezzi","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v21i1.787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v21i1.787","url":null,"abstract":"Fibrosis of the lungs is the final phase of many lung illnesses. Its characterized by excessive matrix production leading to the normal lung architecture destruction and eventually death. CoQ10 is an essential constituent of membrane oxidoreductase System. It is an intracellularly localized antioxidant \u0000 \u0000enzyme that is endogenously synthesized in humans. CoQ10 protects cellular components from destruction by free radical-induced oxidative damage. candesartan is a selective antagonist of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) and is widely employed for treatment of hypertension. Most up to date research shows angiotensin II close involvement with damage and fibrosis process in tissues of organs of circulation. \u0000Objective: This animal study was designed to investigate the effect of Co Q10 and candesartan as antifibrotic agents against pulmonary fibrosis focusing on selected markers involved in pulmonary fibrosis. \u0000Materials and Method: 48 rats divided randomly into four groups, each consisting of 12 male rats. Group I: (Control group), the rats in this group received single injection of 0.2 ml normal saline via intratracheal route. Group II: (The BLM group), received BLM (8.3 U/kg) as a single dose via the intratracheal rout. Group III: (BLM+CoQ10 group) rats receive BLM (8.3 U/kg) as sulfate salt dissolved in 0.1 ml of normal saline via the intratracheal instillation concomitant with 100 mg/kg co Q 10 per day orally for 5 days before and 10 days after BLM injection. Group IV: (BLM+ candesartan group) rats receive BLM (8.3 U/kg) as sulfate salt dissolved in 0.1 ml of normal saline via the intratracheal instillation concomitant with (10 mg/kg) candesartan per day orally for 5 days before and 10 days after BLM injection. The studied serum biomarkers were glutathione, arachidonate 5 lipoxygenase in addition to histopathological examination using trichrome stain. \u0000 Results: serum GSH concentration was lower in BLM group in comparison with the control group and the (BLM+ CoQ10) but this difference is not statistically significant. The serum GSH levels showed a significant(P<0.05) elevation in (BLM+ Candesartan) group when compared with the levels in the BLM group. The serum ALOX5 concentration was significantly elevated in BLM group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). The serum ALOX5 levels were highly significantly lower in (BLM +CoQ10) (P < 0.01) and very highly significantly lower in the (BLM+ Candesartan) group (P < 0.001) when comparing it with the levels in the BLM group. furthermore, histologically CoQ10 and candesartan showed reduction in the numbers of inflammation cells and a decrease in the damage to the lung architecture and fibrosis induced by bleomycin. \u0000Conclusion: CoQ10 and candesartan decrease pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in male rats.","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90698124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mazin Abdulridha Ateyah, Manal Khalid Abdulridha, Munaim Jumaa Alkabee
Background Saw palmetto contains powerful anti-inflammatory components commonly used in Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with symptoms. The current study was designed to assess the effectiveness of saw palmetto alone or supplementation therapy with tamsulosin via measurement of some inflammatory biomarker in male with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) consistent with (BPH). Methods The present study is an interventional prospective randomized enrolled newly diagnosed patients with moderate to severe symptomatic BPH. The eligible 60 patients were allocated into (3) groups, each group with (20) patients; Group (1) treated with Saw palmetto cap (320 mg); Group (2) treated with Saw palmetto cap (320 mg) and tamsulosin (0.4mg); Group (3) treated with tamsulosin (0.4mg), protocols to be given once daily for 12 weeks. Measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) was done. Results There was significant decrease in the serum PSA, CRP and IL-6 level (P<0.01) in group1 and 2 patients only after treatment when compared to pretreatment. Patients on combination therapy presented with high percent of change compared to other groups. No change in CRP and IL-6 level in patients on tamsulosin alone. Conclusion From the findings of the present study, phytotherapy with Saw Palmetto alone or as supplement produced significant 3 months drop in both inflammatory markers, the total CRP level and IL-6 level. Also produced significant decrease in PSA level, and may substitute the conventional therapy in mild disease status.
{"title":"Effects of Saw Palmetto Therapy on some Inflammatory Biomarkers in a Sample of Iraqi Male with Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","authors":"Mazin Abdulridha Ateyah, Manal Khalid Abdulridha, Munaim Jumaa Alkabee","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v21i1.774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v21i1.774","url":null,"abstract":"Background Saw palmetto contains powerful anti-inflammatory components commonly used in Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with symptoms. The current study was designed to assess the effectiveness of saw palmetto alone or supplementation \u0000 \u0000therapy with tamsulosin via measurement of some inflammatory biomarker in male with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) consistent with (BPH). \u0000Methods The present study is an interventional prospective randomized enrolled newly diagnosed patients with moderate to severe symptomatic BPH. The eligible 60 patients were allocated into (3) groups, each group with (20) patients; Group (1) treated with Saw palmetto cap (320 mg); Group (2) treated with Saw palmetto cap (320 mg) and tamsulosin (0.4mg); Group (3) treated with tamsulosin (0.4mg), protocols to be given once daily for 12 weeks. Measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) was done. \u0000Results There was significant decrease in the serum PSA, CRP and IL-6 level (P<0.01) in group1 and 2 patients only after treatment when compared to pretreatment. Patients on combination therapy presented with high percent of change compared to other groups. No change in CRP and IL-6 level in patients on tamsulosin alone. \u0000Conclusion From the findings of the present study, phytotherapy with Saw Palmetto alone or as supplement produced significant 3 months drop in both inflammatory markers, the total CRP level and IL-6 level. Also produced significant decrease in PSA level, and may substitute the conventional therapy in mild disease status.","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76131221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taha HT Al-Saigh, Shatha A Abdulmawjood, Faris A Ahmed
Colorectal cancer is a serious cancer with high mortality. Most of the recurrence usually occurred within two years after surgery. This study was conducted in Nineveh Medical Center and Al-Jammhorri Hospital to evaluate colorectal cancer patients in a follow up study for two years. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen, colonoscopy, ultrasound of the abdomen, and chest X rays were used for evaluation. One hundred and ninety-four patients with colorectal cancer were included in the study. The patients were diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinomas by histopathology and staged according to Duke’s classification. The patients were undergone surgical removal of the cancer. Chemotherapy was started to the patient after two weeks of the surgery. Blood samples were taken one week before and one week after surgery. Other blood samples were taken after chemotherapy and then every six months for two years. The blood samples were analyzed for serum carcinoembryonic antigen. The patients were also checked by colonoscopy, ultrasound for abdomen, and chest X ray every six months. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal patients was higher than 5 ng/mL and decreased significantly after surgery but still higher than 5 ng/mL. After chemotherapy serum decreased significantly compared with that after surgery. During the two-year period serum carcinoembryonic antigen was not significantly different from that in patients after chemotherapy. Twenty-one patients died after two years of the study Serum carcinoembryonic antigen in the dead patients was much significantly higher than 5 ng/mL before surgery and decreased significantly after operation and after chemotherapy but still higher than 5 ng/mL. In conclusion, colorectal cancer is a significant disease in Iraq. The mortality rate is high due to lack of education of the community to that disease. Carcinoembryonic antigen marker is still acceptable test but should be used with other clinical assessments
{"title":"Prognostic factor of serum carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer patients: a follow up study","authors":"Taha HT Al-Saigh, Shatha A Abdulmawjood, Faris A Ahmed","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v21i3.791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v21i3.791","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer is a serious cancer with high mortality. Most of the recurrence usually occurred within two years after surgery. This study was conducted in Nineveh Medical Center and Al-Jammhorri Hospital to evaluate colorectal cancer patients in a follow up study for \u0000two years. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen, colonoscopy, ultrasound of the abdomen, and chest X rays were used for evaluation. One hundred and ninety-four patients with colorectal cancer were included in the study. The patients were diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinomas by histopathology and staged according to Duke’s classification. The patients were undergone surgical removal of the cancer. Chemotherapy was started to the patient after two weeks of the surgery. Blood samples were taken one week before and one week after surgery. Other blood samples were taken after chemotherapy and then every six months for two years. The blood samples were analyzed for serum carcinoembryonic antigen. The patients were also checked by colonoscopy, ultrasound for abdomen, and chest X ray every six months. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal patients was higher than 5 ng/mL and decreased significantly after surgery but still higher than 5 ng/mL. After chemotherapy serum decreased significantly compared with that after surgery. During the two-year period serum carcinoembryonic antigen was not significantly different from that in patients after chemotherapy. Twenty-one patients died after two years of the study Serum carcinoembryonic antigen in the dead patients was much significantly higher than 5 ng/mL before surgery and decreased significantly after operation and after chemotherapy but still higher than 5 ng/mL. In conclusion, colorectal cancer is a significant disease in Iraq. The mortality rate is high due to lack of education of the community to that disease. Carcinoembryonic antigen marker is still acceptable test but should be used with other clinical assessments","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82439525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatotoxicity is a term used to describe serious health complications of liver disease caused by a variety of factors. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 linked factor (Nrf2) as a potential mediator of hepatotoxicity via inflammatory and induction of oxidative stress, oxidation produces more toxic compounds caused more pathogenic cases; therefore, to maintain sufficient homeostasis, involve antioxidant materials and detoxification factors. Controlling cytokine activity in normal cells is a useful way to regulate the signaling pathway of Nrf2. Recent studies found a relation between each Nrf2 and NF-κB activation and drug-induced liver injury. This review presents a detailed and conformation update of Nrf2 roles in hepatotoxicity which considers that drug-induced liver injury is the main problem to draw attention in medical clinics and to develop new drugs with less harmful to the liver. In addition to that. Kept each of normal oxidation and cytokines levels is crucial responses for cells alteration and remaining to survive.
{"title":"Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2 Linked Factor (Nrf2) as a Potential Mediator of Hepatotoxicity","authors":"Inam Sameh Arif, Israa Burhan Raoof, Hayder Hussein Luaibi","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v21i4.796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v21i4.796","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatotoxicity is a term used to describe serious health complications of liver disease caused by a variety of factors. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 linked factor (Nrf2) as a potential mediator of hepatotoxicity via inflammatory and induction of oxidative stress, oxidation \u0000produces more toxic compounds caused more pathogenic cases; therefore, to maintain sufficient homeostasis, involve antioxidant materials and detoxification factors. Controlling cytokine activity in normal cells is a useful way to regulate the signaling pathway of Nrf2. Recent studies found a relation between each Nrf2 and NF-κB activation and drug-induced liver injury. This review presents a detailed and conformation update of Nrf2 roles in hepatotoxicity which considers that drug-induced liver injury is the main problem to draw attention in medical clinics and to develop new drugs with less harmful to the liver. In addition to that. Kept each of normal oxidation and cytokines levels is crucial responses for cells alteration and remaining to survive.","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77049641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasir F. Muhsin, Shakir M. Alwan, Ayad Kareem Khan
Infections caused by bacteria have a significant impact on public health. Chemical synthesis of new derivatives of cephalexin inked to amino acid (tryptophan or histidine) through an amide bond at the acyl side chain is achieved. This is a new approach of incorporating, tryptophan and histidine into the the primary amino group of cephalexin, in order to provide a bulky group very close to the β-lactam ring. This chemical addition act as isosteric group to the alkoximino that protect beta lactam ring from bacterial beta lactamase enzyme. The new derivatives may show resistance to β-lactamases, improve activity and pharmacokinetic properties and may give new life for old drugs that are susceptible to hydrolysis by most β-lactamases. The chemical structures of these derivatives were confirmed by: FTIR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, elemental micro analysis and some physical properties. Molecular docking on serine beta lactamase and prediction of ADME parameters were recorded using GOLD suite and Swiss ADME software respectively. Docking scores of the new derivatives of Cephalexin on β-lactamases were higher than those of Cephalexin, which may indicate better activity
{"title":"Design, Molecular Docking, Synthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids Linked to Cephalexin.","authors":"Yasir F. Muhsin, Shakir M. Alwan, Ayad Kareem Khan","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v21i3.794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v21i3.794","url":null,"abstract":"Infections caused by bacteria have a significant impact on public health. Chemical synthesis of new derivatives of cephalexin inked to amino acid (tryptophan or histidine) through an amide bond at the acyl side chain is achieved. This is a new \u0000approach of incorporating, tryptophan and histidine into the the primary amino group of cephalexin, in order to provide a bulky group very close to the β-lactam ring. This chemical addition act as isosteric group to the alkoximino that protect beta lactam ring from bacterial beta lactamase enzyme. The new derivatives may show resistance to β-lactamases, improve activity and pharmacokinetic properties and may give new life for old drugs that are susceptible to hydrolysis by most β-lactamases. The chemical structures of these derivatives were confirmed by: FTIR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, elemental micro analysis and some physical properties. Molecular docking on serine beta lactamase and prediction of ADME parameters were recorded using GOLD suite and Swiss ADME software respectively. Docking scores of the new derivatives of Cephalexin on β-lactamases were higher than those of Cephalexin, which may indicate better activity","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75194664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inam Sameh Arif, Yassir Mustafa Kamal, Israa Burhan Raoof
Nrf2 is active protein presents in the cytoplasm in the cells of the body. In the presence of an activators, Nrf2 can enter the nucleus which bind to Antioxidant Responses Elements (ARE) or otherwise named human ARE (hARE) which control the whole antioxidants activity in human cell. Many factors may contribute to defective or overwhelmed cellular antioxidants activities for instances aging and cellular damages. These cellular damages can be produced by free radicals or oxidative stress. In the mechanism, if Nrf2 activated in the nucleus, can caused the production of collaborative antioxidants enzymes especially: catalase, glutathione (GLT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a responsible for detoxification of free radical inside the cells.
{"title":"Nrf2 as a modulator of oxidative stress","authors":"Inam Sameh Arif, Yassir Mustafa Kamal, Israa Burhan Raoof","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v21i4.798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v21i4.798","url":null,"abstract":"Nrf2 is active protein presents in the cytoplasm in the cells of the body. In the presence of an activators, Nrf2 can enter the nucleus which bind to Antioxidant Responses Elements (ARE) or otherwise named human ARE (hARE) which control the whole antioxidants activity in \u0000human cell. Many factors may contribute to defective or overwhelmed cellular antioxidants activities for instances aging and cellular damages. These cellular damages can be produced by free radicals or oxidative stress. In the mechanism, if Nrf2 activated in the nucleus, can caused the production of collaborative antioxidants enzymes especially: catalase, glutathione (GLT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a responsible for detoxification of free radical inside the cells.","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83713796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Abdulaziz Ahmed, Baydaa Hameed Abdulah, Yaser Mustafa Kamal
Since ancient times Urtica dioica has been used as an herbal medicine in Western Asia. The current study demonstrates the anti-bacterial effect of N_butanol extraction of Urtica dioica. The antibacterial effect was tested against some of gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients having urinary tract infection. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used. Urticasea is a family of plant known for their medicinal activity from folk medicine. Urtica dioica is a member of urticasea and it is known for it is antibacterial effect. Methods The leaves of Urtica dioica were collected in Iraq from jisr dayla district in Baghdad province in april 2019.The N_butanol extraction was compared with the drug ciprofloxacin. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the sensitivity of the samples. Results The N_ butanol extract shows weak inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli while other strain does not affect by extract comparing with ciprofloxacin. Conclusion The N_butanol extract of urtica dioica have weak antibacterial effect when compared with ciproflxacine
{"title":"Study the antibacterial effect of N_butanol extract of Urtica dioica","authors":"Ahmed Abdulaziz Ahmed, Baydaa Hameed Abdulah, Yaser Mustafa Kamal","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v21i1.800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v21i1.800","url":null,"abstract":"Since ancient times Urtica dioica has been used as an herbal medicine in Western Asia. The current study demonstrates the anti-bacterial effect of N_butanol extraction of Urtica dioica. The antibacterial effect was tested against some of gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria isolated \u0000 \u0000from hospitalized patients having urinary tract infection. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used. Urticasea is a family of plant known for their medicinal activity from folk medicine. Urtica dioica is a member of urticasea and it is known for it is antibacterial effect. \u0000Methods \u0000The leaves of Urtica dioica were collected in Iraq from jisr dayla district in Baghdad province in april 2019.The N_butanol extraction was compared with the drug ciprofloxacin. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the sensitivity of the samples. \u0000Results \u0000The N_ butanol extract shows weak inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli while other strain does not affect by extract comparing with ciprofloxacin. \u0000Conclusion \u0000The N_butanol extract of urtica dioica have weak antibacterial effect when compared with ciproflxacine","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88143240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khulood Saadoon Salim, Atheer S. Alsabah, Hassanian S. Taghi
Misuse of antibiotics is one of the health problems worldwide. In Iraq, prevalence of self- medication with antibiotics increases resistant organisms, this will lead to bad impacts on health and economic aspects in the future. Aim of study is to review the published articles on the antibiotics misuse in Iraq, in addition to assess the level of the population’s knowledge towards antibiotics misuse and the suggested recommendation to reduce this problem. Method: In this study 12 articles conducted in different regions of Iraq were reviewed to assess antibiotic misuse in a period from 2014-2020.Results: The results demonstrated high prevalence of antibiotic misuse among Iraqi population ranging from (45%- 92%). In addition, poor knowledge among population towards antibiotics misuse also reported. Bad attitudes of pharmacists and physicians regarding antibiotics prescribing and dispensing were registered. Conclusion: The review focuses on important health issue in Iraq that effect on health & economic system. New legislations and restriction need to apply to limit this problem.
{"title":"Misuse of antibiotics in Iraq: A review of Iraqi published studies","authors":"Khulood Saadoon Salim, Atheer S. Alsabah, Hassanian S. Taghi","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v21i2.805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v21i2.805","url":null,"abstract":"Misuse of antibiotics is one of the health problems worldwide. In Iraq, prevalence of self- medication with antibiotics increases resistant organisms, this will lead to bad impacts on health and economic aspects in the future. Aim of study is to review the published articles on the antibiotics misuse in Iraq, in \u0000 \u0000addition to assess the level of the population’s knowledge towards antibiotics misuse and the suggested recommendation to reduce this problem. Method: In this study 12 articles conducted in different regions of Iraq were reviewed to assess antibiotic misuse in a period from 2014-2020.Results: The results demonstrated high prevalence of antibiotic misuse among Iraqi population ranging from (45%- 92%). In addition, poor knowledge among population towards antibiotics misuse also reported. Bad attitudes of pharmacists and physicians regarding antibiotics prescribing and dispensing were registered. Conclusion: The review focuses on important health issue in Iraq that effect on health & economic system. New legislations and restriction need to apply to limit this problem.","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"116 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91443460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among many therapeutic treatments for cancer, nano-carriers are the focus of our review to illustrate the update usage of this drug delivery approach, the most likely side effects and the reality of their potential application with minimum adverse effects. Here, we demonstrate the types of these nano-carriers based on their nature with detailed recent studies about their use. The variation in the skeleton of these nanoparticles enable the selection of the suitable type with higher specifications than others. However, the poor in vivo testing is the main stumbling block for completion of their manufacturing. This review will help the researchers to find the road map for further investigation to finally aid the pharmaceutical companies in manufacturing these nano-carriers in appropriate dosage forms to save the life of millions of people in the world.
{"title":"Nano-carriers as a Selective Treatment for Cancer","authors":"Ghaidaa S. Hameed, Methaq Hamad Sabar","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v21i1.802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v21i1.802","url":null,"abstract":"Among many therapeutic treatments for cancer, nano-carriers are the focus of our review to illustrate the update usage of this drug delivery approach, the most likely side effects and the reality of their potential application with minimum adverse effects. Here, we demonstrate the types of these nano-carriers based on \u0000their nature with detailed recent studies about their use. The variation in the skeleton of these nanoparticles enable the selection of the suitable type with higher specifications than others. However, the poor in vivo testing is the main stumbling block for completion of their manufacturing. This review will help the researchers to find the road map for further investigation to finally aid the pharmaceutical companies in manufacturing these nano-carriers in appropriate dosage forms to save the life of millions of people in the world. ","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86573551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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