Yasir A. Noori, Inam S. Arif, Manal M. Younus, Mohammed M. Mohammed
Azithromycin is an antibiotic that belongs to the macrolide family used in a wide variety of bacterial diseases. However, it has been proposed as a potential therapy for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (off-label use) given for its antiviral and immunomodulatory activity. Never-theless, its role in the treatment of COVID-19 remains unclear. Azithromycin has a well-characterized safety profile. However, its use outside the approved indication needs further follow up to ensure that the benefit-risk balance remains positive. One method to look for new/ changed safety information is through using the information component (IC025) value. IC025 is the lower limit of a 95% credibility interval for the IC. The credibility interval provides information about the stability of a particular IC value: the narrower the interval, the higher the stability. Objective: Study the submitted adverse events reports of Azithromycin to the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance center and compare the occurrence of these reported adverse events in Iraq to the internationally reported cases during 2020COVID-19 pandemic using IC025. Methodology: The reported adverse events of Azithromycin to the national Pharmacovigilance database were studied qualitatively (age, gender and seriousness) and quantitatively (using IC025) as a measure of presence of a new/changed safety information related to Azithromycin. Results: The total number of reports for Azithromycin were 419, female represent (43%) and male represent (55.8%), and the predominant age groups was from 45-64 years representing (41.1%). The most widely reported adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders (68%), cardiac disorders (14.1%), general disorders and administration site effect (6.9%), and investigations (Interfere with Lab tests) (5.7%). There were 96 drug-adverse reaction combinations. The IC025 value for the most widely reported adverse events showed a comparable value for ECG-QT prolonged (3.6/3.7), Arrhythmia (0.6/0.7). There was a decreased value for palpitation (0.5/0.9) and dyspnea (0.3/0.6). Tachycardia and increased liver enzymes showed an increased value of (2.0/0.1) and (0.5/0.1) respectively. Conclusion: Using the IC025 was helpful in finding the increased reporting rate of adverse events compared to the background rate.
{"title":"Analysis of Azithromycin adverse events in COVID-19 Patients reported to Iraqi Pharmacovigilance center in 2020","authors":"Yasir A. Noori, Inam S. Arif, Manal M. Younus, Mohammed M. Mohammed","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v22i3.887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v22i3.887","url":null,"abstract":"Azithromycin is an antibiotic that belongs to the macrolide family used in a wide variety of bacterial diseases. However, it has been proposed as a potential therapy for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (off-label use) given for its antiviral and \u0000 \u0000immunomodulatory activity. Never-theless, its role in the treatment of COVID-19 remains unclear. Azithromycin has a well-characterized safety profile. However, its use outside the approved indication needs further follow up to ensure that the benefit-risk balance remains positive. One method to look for new/ changed safety information is through using the information component (IC025) value. IC025 is the lower limit of a 95% credibility interval for the IC. The credibility interval provides information about the stability of a particular IC value: the narrower the interval, the higher the stability. \u0000Objective: \u0000Study the submitted adverse events reports of Azithromycin to the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance center and compare the occurrence of these reported adverse events in Iraq to the internationally reported cases during 2020COVID-19 pandemic using IC025. \u0000 \u0000Methodology: \u0000The reported adverse events of Azithromycin to the national Pharmacovigilance database were studied qualitatively (age, gender and seriousness) and quantitatively (using IC025) as a measure of presence of a new/changed safety information related to Azithromycin. \u0000 \u0000Results: \u0000The total number of reports for Azithromycin were 419, female represent (43%) and male represent (55.8%), and the predominant age groups was from 45-64 years representing (41.1%). The most widely reported adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders (68%), cardiac disorders (14.1%), general disorders and administration site effect (6.9%), and investigations (Interfere with Lab tests) (5.7%). There were 96 drug-adverse reaction combinations. The IC025 value for the most widely reported adverse events showed a comparable value for ECG-QT prolonged (3.6/3.7), Arrhythmia (0.6/0.7). There was a decreased value for palpitation (0.5/0.9) and dyspnea (0.3/0.6). Tachycardia and increased liver enzymes showed an increased value of (2.0/0.1) and (0.5/0.1) respectively. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: \u0000Using the IC025 was helpful in finding the increased reporting rate of adverse events compared to the background rate.","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86208236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A variety of new pyrazolines, isoxazolines, and amide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and tested in vitro for their cytotoxic potential against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Nabumetone is a prodrug that is used as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Before synthesis, the Molecular docking program (GOLD suite v. 5.7.1) was used to evaluate the selectivity for ER-α receptor, which demonstrated good agreement with the in vitro findings. Specifically, compounds 1e and 2e that target the ER- α receptor had the greatest PLP fitness values of (75.61 and 73.36), respectively, when compared to the tamoxifen reference medication, which had a PLP fitness of (92.78). The IC50 values for the synthesized compounds revealed that compound (1e) has a high IC50 value of 19 µM against MCF-7, compared to tamoxifen, which has an IC50 value of (18.02) µM.
设计、合成了多种新型吡唑啉、异恶唑啉和酰胺衍生物，并在体外测试了它们对乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7的细胞毒性。那布美酮是一种用作非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)的前药。在合成前，使用分子对接程序(GOLD suite v. 5.7.1)评估ER-α受体的选择性，结果与体外实验结果一致。具体来说，靶向ER- α受体的化合物1e和2e的PLP适应度值最高，分别为75.61和73.36，而他莫昔芬参考药物的PLP适应度为92.78。合成化合物的IC50值表明，化合物(1e)对MCF-7的IC50值为19µM，而他莫昔芬的IC50值为(18.02)µM。
{"title":"Molecular Docking study, and In vitro Evaluation of Antitumor Activity of Some New Isoxazoline and Pyrazoline Derivatives of Nabumetone against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7)","authors":"Kanar Muthanna Alawad, M. Mahdi, Ayad M. R. Raauf","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v22i3.886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v22i3.886","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of new pyrazolines, isoxazolines, and amide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and tested in vitro for their cytotoxic potential against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Nabumetone is a prodrug that is used as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug \u0000 \u0000(NSAID). Before synthesis, the Molecular docking program (GOLD suite v. 5.7.1) was used to evaluate the selectivity for ER-α receptor, which demonstrated good agreement with the in vitro findings. Specifically, compounds 1e and 2e that target the ER- α receptor had the greatest PLP fitness values of (75.61 and 73.36), respectively, when compared to the tamoxifen reference medication, which had a PLP fitness of (92.78). The IC50 values for the synthesized compounds revealed that compound (1e) has a high IC50 value of 19 µM against MCF-7, compared to tamoxifen, which has an IC50 value of (18.02) µM. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87274720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intesar Tarik Numan, Nadia Hameed Mohamed, Zainab Khalid Ali
Metformin is 1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Additionally, several studies focused on the role of metformin in antioxidant activities for the treatment of hepatic disorders. The experimentally -based result on valproic acid's liver injury, a front-line medicine for the treatment of epilepsy, attracted a lot of interest. As a result, the effect of metformin on valproic acid-induced redox disturbances in rat hepatic tissue was studied. metformin at 250 mg/kg dose was administered via oral gavage for 30 days, and valproic acid at a dose of 400 mg/kg was administered by intraperitoneal route starting from the twenty-second day of the experiment, for eight days to induce hepatotoxicity. Treatment with metformin reduced valproic acid-enhancing alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase activities. Tissue levels of malondialdehyde in the liver tissue of valproic acid-treated rats significantly increased (P-value < 0.05) whereas glutathione decreased. The coadministration of metformin with valproic acid significantly decreased the malondialdehyde levels and increased glutathione levels (P-value < 0.05). Finally, metformin protected rats from valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity, improved antioxidant status, and reduced hepatic oxidative stress.
{"title":"Antioxidative effect of metformin on valproic acid induced hepatoxicity in male rats","authors":"Intesar Tarik Numan, Nadia Hameed Mohamed, Zainab Khalid Ali","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v22i3.885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v22i3.885","url":null,"abstract":"Metformin is 1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Additionally, several studies focused on the role of metformin in antioxidant activities for the treatment of hepatic disorders. The experimentally \u0000 \u0000 -based result on valproic acid's liver injury, a front-line medicine for the treatment of epilepsy, attracted a lot of interest. As a result, the effect of metformin on valproic acid-induced redox disturbances in rat hepatic tissue was studied. metformin at 250 mg/kg dose was administered via oral gavage for 30 days, and valproic acid at a dose of 400 mg/kg was administered by intraperitoneal route starting from the twenty-second day of the experiment, for eight days to induce hepatotoxicity. Treatment with metformin reduced valproic acid-enhancing alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase activities. Tissue levels of malondialdehyde in the liver tissue of valproic acid-treated rats significantly increased (P-value < 0.05) whereas glutathione decreased. The coadministration of metformin with valproic acid significantly decreased the malondialdehyde levels and increased glutathione levels (P-value < 0.05). Finally, metformin protected rats from valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity, improved antioxidant status, and reduced hepatic oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81998411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marwa Abdullah Saleh, Karima Fadhil Ali, Basma M. Abd Razik
This study included synthesis of new serotonin derivatives in which imidazolidine rings are present in their structures. The final imidazolidine derivatives compounds were synthesized by reaction of synthesized Schiff bases derivatives of serotonin with the glycine (NH2-CH2COOH) in presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent. The imidazolidine derivatives were identified by physical characteristics, FT-IR spectroscopy and 1H- NMR spectroscopy. Biological activities against two Gram negative (Klebsiella and E. coli) and two Gram positive (Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria were also distinguished. All the synthesized compounds III(a-d) exhibit moderate activities on four types of bacteria comparing with the activity of standard drug (Trimethoprim) but the highest activities of these compounds occur on Streptococcus pyogenes and their least activities occur on E. coli. The synthesized compounds were studied for the molecular docking to know the interaction and affinity of binding between them and bacteria
{"title":"Synthesizing, Studying Molecular Docking, Characterizing, and Preliminary Evaluating Anti-Bacterial Effects of Derivatives of Serotonin Contain Imidazolidine Ring","authors":"Marwa Abdullah Saleh, Karima Fadhil Ali, Basma M. Abd Razik","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v22i3.884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v22i3.884","url":null,"abstract":"This study included synthesis of new serotonin derivatives in which imidazolidine rings are present in their structures. The final imidazolidine derivatives compounds were synthesized by reaction of synthesized \u0000 \u0000Schiff bases derivatives of serotonin with the glycine (NH2-CH2COOH) in presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent. The imidazolidine derivatives were identified by physical characteristics, FT-IR spectroscopy and 1H- NMR spectroscopy. Biological activities against two Gram negative (Klebsiella and E. coli) and two Gram positive (Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria were also distinguished. All the synthesized compounds III(a-d) exhibit moderate activities on four types of bacteria comparing with the activity of standard drug (Trimethoprim) but the highest activities of these compounds occur on Streptococcus pyogenes and their least activities occur on E. coli. The synthesized compounds were studied for the molecular docking to know the interaction and affinity of binding between them and bacteria \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79789774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dina Saleem M. Ameen, Mohammed Dheyaa Hamdi, A. K. Khan
This review is about 1,2,4-triazoles include their synthesis; their physio-chemical properties, SAR, reactions, derivatives. Finally, their biological activities with a demonstrated showing different requirements to achieve different activity
{"title":"Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives: A Review","authors":"Dina Saleem M. Ameen, Mohammed Dheyaa Hamdi, A. K. Khan","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v22i3.890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v22i3.890","url":null,"abstract":"This review is about 1,2,4-triazoles include their synthesis; their physio-chemical properties, SAR, reactions, derivatives. Finally, their biological activities with a demonstrated showing \u0000 \u0000different requirements to achieve different activity","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86508203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An accurate prediction of the ligand-receptor binding free energies (ΔG) is a critical step in the early stages of rational drug design. The Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) method is a popular approach to estimate ΔG. However, correlations between the predicted and the experimental ΔG are variable. The goal of this study is to investigate various approaches to optimize accuracy of the MM-GBSA method. A molecular dynamic (MD) simulations protocol was applied using penicillopepsin receptor against its inhibitor ligands, repeated 50 times for each complex system. After that, ΔG of the five inhibitors were predicted using MM-GBSA method. Moreover, a diverse ΔG values were calculated from the replicate MD simulations of each system. The results were showed correlations not only between the predicted and the experimental binding affinities of the systems but also between the predicted values and root-mean-square deviation. In addition, statistical analysis was evaluated the sample size.
{"title":"Evaluating the Reliability of MM-PB/GB-SA Method for the Protein-Ligand Binding Free Energies Using Penicillopepsin-Inhibitor ligands","authors":"Twana Salih","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v22i3.889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v22i3.889","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate prediction of the ligand-receptor binding free energies (ΔG) is a critical step in the early stages of rational drug design. The Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) method is a popular \u0000 \u0000approach to estimate ΔG. However, correlations between the predicted and the experimental ΔG are variable. The goal of this study is to investigate various approaches to optimize accuracy of the MM-GBSA method. A molecular dynamic (MD) simulations protocol was applied using penicillopepsin receptor against its inhibitor ligands, repeated 50 times for each complex system. After that, ΔG of the five inhibitors were predicted using MM-GBSA method. Moreover, a diverse ΔG values were calculated from the replicate MD simulations of each system. The results were showed correlations not only between the predicted and the experimental binding affinities of the systems but also between the predicted values and root-mean-square deviation. In addition, statistical analysis was evaluated the sample size.","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83244190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because of its capabilities for fast development, potency, secure delivery, and promise for cost effective manufacture, mRNA vaccines are a promising vaccination technique. Many recent research has suggested that mRNA vaccines could be effective intreating a wide range of tumor and viral disorders where standard vaccine techniques have failed to stimulate protective immune responses. The inefficient and unstable in vivo distribution of mRNA has limited their application. Direct electroporation of mRNA vaccines into dendritic cells induced the generation of protective antibodies capable of destroying infected or transformed cells and inducing polyclonal CD8+ and CD4+ that mediated Ag specific T cell responses. in this review mRNA vaccines in detail were examined, as well as future objectives and challenges in the prevention of infectious diseases
{"title":"Messenger RNA Based Vaccines and Their immunological effect on diseases","authors":"Osama Mohammed Hasan","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v22i2.836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v22i2.836","url":null,"abstract":"Because of its capabilities for fast development, potency, secure delivery, and promise for cost effective manufacture, mRNA vaccines are a promising vaccination technique. Many recent research has suggested that mRNA vaccines could be effective intreating a wide range of tumor and viral disorders where standard vaccine techniques have failed to stimulate protective immune responses. The inefficient and unstable in vivo distribution of mRNA has limited their application. Direct electroporation of mRNA vaccines into dendritic cells induced the generation of protective antibodies capable of destroying infected or transformed cells and inducing polyclonal CD8+ and CD4+ that mediated Ag specific T cell responses. in this review mRNA vaccines in detail were examined, as well as future objectives and challenges in the prevention of infectious diseases","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88747404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Banan Kareem Bedewi, Ghaith Ali Jasim, Ibrahim Saleh Abbas, BasmaTalib Al-Sudani
oleifera L., a Moringaceae family is fast-growing tree. M. oleifera's dried leaves are Characterized with high in phenolic compounds. phenolic compounds have anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and antioxidant activities. Therefore, The current study involved isolation Cryptochlorogenic acid by preparative TLC from M.oleifera leaves grown in Iraq, and study its cytotoxicity effect against a breast cancer cell line (MCF7) using the MTT cell viability assay, and comparing it to a standard anticancer drug (Tamoxifen). The isolated Cryptochlorogenic acid was cytotoxic to the MCF7 cell line, with an IC50 of 20.8M.
{"title":"Cytotoxicity of Cryptochlorogenic acid against Breast cancer cell line (MCF7) isolated from Moringa oleifera Leaves Cultivated in Iraq","authors":"Banan Kareem Bedewi, Ghaith Ali Jasim, Ibrahim Saleh Abbas, BasmaTalib Al-Sudani","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v22i2.837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v22i2.837","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000oleifera L., a Moringaceae family is fast-growing tree. M. oleifera's dried leaves are Characterized with high in phenolic compounds. phenolic compounds have anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and antioxidant activities. \u0000 \u0000Therefore, The current study involved isolation Cryptochlorogenic acid by preparative TLC from M.oleifera leaves grown in Iraq, and study its cytotoxicity effect against a breast cancer cell line (MCF7) using the MTT cell viability assay, and comparing it to a standard anticancer drug (Tamoxifen). The isolated Cryptochlorogenic acid was cytotoxic to the MCF7 cell line, with an IC50 of 20.8M.","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83828630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Though chemotherapy is the major strategy to manage patients with advanced-stage colorectal cancer (CRC), the main challenge is the progression of CRC despite using combination of different chemotherapeutic agents. So, to overcome this challenge, a new class Of therapy was developed naming “Targeted-therapy”. This class of drugs aim to target specific overexpressed or aberrant enzyme, receptor, or gene that have critical role in the growth and survival of colorectal cancerous cells. So that, by using combination of traditional strategy (chemotherapy) and targeted-drug, this will lead to improve survival and prevent the progression of advanced CRC
{"title":"The Effective Role of Targeted Therapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer","authors":"Sarah K. Obay, Ali N. Wannas, Rana A. Ghaleb","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v22i2.835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v22i2.835","url":null,"abstract":"Though chemotherapy is the major strategy to manage patients with advanced-stage colorectal cancer (CRC), the main challenge is the progression of CRC despite using combination of different chemotherapeutic agents. So, to overcome this challenge, a new class \u0000Of therapy was developed naming “Targeted-therapy”. This class of drugs aim to target specific overexpressed or aberrant enzyme, receptor, or gene that have critical role in the growth and survival of colorectal cancerous cells. So that, by using combination of traditional strategy (chemotherapy) and targeted-drug, this will lead to improve survival and prevent the progression of advanced CRC","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81127297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute liver disease is characterized by loss of liver function within days or weeks however, in the patient who is not previously diagnosed, its less common compared with chronic liver failure, which developed slowly and irreversible process. It’s caused by drug-induced liver damage (DILI) therefore identifying liver injury is challenging for clinical treatment and diagnosis. The major causes of liver failure involve toxic metabolites of some medications that consumed Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP) compared with normal conditions and increased oxidative stress due to overexpression of MicroRNAs, it is necessary to do complete diagnosis of patients. Biomarker parameters can be utilized to validate liver damage like microRNAs (miRNAs) analysis, it is a more receptive marker because increased earlier than the transaminases enzymes allowing for a more accurate diagnosis. we summarized recent signs of progress disease concerning the role of miRNA as a novel DILI biomarker, the miRNA levels can be measured in plasma, saliva, urine, fetal fluid (amniotic), as well as other materials either in human or animals like mice, rats which significantly elevate during illness, therefore, provide e specific biomarker of hepatoinjury.
{"title":"Role of miRNA in drug-induced hepatic injury","authors":"Inam Sameh Arif, Israa Burhan Raoof, Hayder Hussein Luaibi, Shams Khaleel Ibraheem","doi":"10.32947/ajps.v22i2.833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v22i2.833","url":null,"abstract":"Acute liver disease is characterized by loss of liver function within days or weeks however, in the patient who is not previously diagnosed, its less common compared with chronic liver failure, which developed slowly and irreversible process. It’s caused by \u0000 \u0000drug-induced liver damage (DILI) therefore identifying liver injury is challenging for clinical treatment and diagnosis. The major causes of liver failure involve toxic metabolites of some medications that consumed Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP) compared with normal conditions and increased oxidative stress due to overexpression of MicroRNAs, it is necessary to do complete diagnosis of patients. Biomarker parameters can be utilized to validate liver damage like microRNAs (miRNAs) analysis, it is a more receptive marker because increased earlier than the transaminases enzymes allowing for a more accurate diagnosis. we summarized recent signs of progress disease concerning the role of miRNA as a novel DILI biomarker, the miRNA levels can be measured in plasma, saliva, urine, fetal fluid (amniotic), as well as other materials either in human or animals like mice, rats which significantly elevate during illness, therefore, provide e specific biomarker of hepatoinjury.","PeriodicalId":7406,"journal":{"name":"Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85470002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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