Pub Date : 2017-11-15DOI: 10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.10
P. Pan, Ying Wang, X. Leng, Jinfang Deng, Chun Wang
Background: Chemotherapeutic treatment of premenopausal women has been linked to premature ovarian failure (POF). Cistanches Herba (CH) is a commonly used male impotence and female infertility treatment in China; however, whether CH protects ovaries from chemotherapeutic drug-induced POF remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of CH in a mouse model of chemotherapeutic drug-induced POF. Materials and Methods: We administered low- and high-concentration CH to cisplatin-induced POF mice for 2 weeks and determined body and ovarian weights, as well as serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol concentrations, to evaluate ovarian function. In addition, we evaluated the protective mechanisms of CH by detecting the levels of apoptosis-related proteins and evaluating markers of mitochondrial function. Results: In POF mice, we observed reduced body and ovarian weights; elevated serum FSH and attenuated estradiol concentrations; apoptosis of ovarian granulosa with concomitant changes in apoptosis-related proteins (including caspase-3, poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase, Bcl-2, and Bax); and mitochondrial dysfunction, such as a reduction in mitochondrial numbers, destruction of ultrastructural morphology, decrease in ATPase activity, and decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and mitofusin-2 (a mitochondria dynamin-like GTPase). Significantly, CH reversed, to an extent, functional and morphologic injuries and ovarian tissue apoptosis by up-regulating the level of Mfn2 and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Furthermore, CH reduced cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian tissues. Conclusion: The present findings showed that CH inhibited cisplatin-induced POF through interactions between Mfn2 and Bcl-2/Bax proteins and, possibly, by up-regulation of Mfn2 expression. Ultimately, CH protects ovarian tissues from cisplatin-induced apoptosis.
{"title":"PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF CISTANCHES HERBA AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON CISPLATIN-INDUCED PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE IN MICE","authors":"P. Pan, Ying Wang, X. Leng, Jinfang Deng, Chun Wang","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chemotherapeutic treatment of premenopausal women has been linked to premature ovarian failure (POF). Cistanches Herba (CH) is a commonly used male impotence and female infertility treatment in China; however, whether CH protects ovaries from chemotherapeutic drug-induced POF remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of CH in a mouse model of chemotherapeutic drug-induced POF. \u0000Materials and Methods: We administered low- and high-concentration CH to cisplatin-induced POF mice for 2 weeks and determined body and ovarian weights, as well as serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol concentrations, to evaluate ovarian function. In addition, we evaluated the protective mechanisms of CH by detecting the levels of apoptosis-related proteins and evaluating markers of mitochondrial function. \u0000Results: In POF mice, we observed reduced body and ovarian weights; elevated serum FSH and attenuated estradiol concentrations; apoptosis of ovarian granulosa with concomitant changes in apoptosis-related proteins (including caspase-3, poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase, Bcl-2, and Bax); and mitochondrial dysfunction, such as a reduction in mitochondrial numbers, destruction of ultrastructural morphology, decrease in ATPase activity, and decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and mitofusin-2 (a mitochondria dynamin-like GTPase). Significantly, CH reversed, to an extent, functional and morphologic injuries and ovarian tissue apoptosis by up-regulating the level of Mfn2 and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Furthermore, CH reduced cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian tissues. \u0000Conclusion: The present findings showed that CH inhibited cisplatin-induced POF through interactions between Mfn2 and Bcl-2/Bax proteins and, possibly, by up-regulation of Mfn2 expression. Ultimately, CH protects ovarian tissues from cisplatin-induced apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"36 Suppl 2 1","pages":"90-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74096922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nyegue Maximilienne Ascension, M. Florence, N. Florentine, Etoa Fronçois-Xavier, C. Menut
Background: In Cameroon, one of the most common childhood illnesses after malaria is diarrhea, which generally has a bacterial origin. In rural areas, plant utilization is often one of the first ways of treatment though, with no scientific bases. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of nine essential oils (EOs) of Cameroonian plants and their combinations against some strains responsible for diarrhea. Material and Methods: To determine the bacterial species generally involved in childhood diarrheal infections, a retrospective study was done. The EOs of Eucalyptus globulus, Cymbopogon citratus, Xylopia aethiopica, Thymus vulgaris, Ocimum canum, Cananga odorata, Citrus medica, Citrus paradisi and Citrus reticulata were screened against the most incriminated bacterial species using the spot-on-agar test and microdilution methods. Some of the EOs with good antibacterial activity were analyzed by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. According to their composition, Thymus vulgaris and Eucalyptus globulus EOs were combined with that of Cymbopogon citratus using the ratios 2/1; 1/1; 1/2 (w/w) and tested against on bacterial growth. Results: The retrospective study showed that 10.8% of infant diarrhea was caused by Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella paratyphimurium. The Minimum inhibition Concentrations (MIC) of single EOs was between 0.78 and 25 mg/mL which were observed to be greater than those of their combinations which ranged between 0.195 and 6.52 mg/mL. The active essential oils contained mainly hydrocarbonated and oxygenated monoterpens. Conclusion: The good antibacterial effects of two Thymus combinations Th1 and Th2 observed on Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella paratyphimurium suggest their used in aromatherapy to cure bacterial diarrhea.
{"title":"BIOACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS OF CAMEROON AND THEIR COMBINATION AGAINST INFANT DIARRHEA INDUCED BY BACTERIA","authors":"Nyegue Maximilienne Ascension, M. Florence, N. Florentine, Etoa Fronçois-Xavier, C. Menut","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Cameroon, one of the most common childhood illnesses after malaria is diarrhea, which generally has \u0000a bacterial origin. In rural areas, plant utilization is often one of the first ways of treatment though, with no scientific \u0000bases. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of nine essential oils (EOs) of \u0000Cameroonian plants and their combinations against some strains responsible for diarrhea. \u0000Material and Methods: To determine the bacterial species generally involved in childhood diarrheal infections, a \u0000retrospective study was done. The EOs of Eucalyptus globulus, Cymbopogon citratus, Xylopia aethiopica, Thymus \u0000vulgaris, Ocimum canum, Cananga odorata, Citrus medica, Citrus paradisi and Citrus reticulata were screened against \u0000the most incriminated bacterial species using the spot-on-agar test and microdilution methods. Some of the EOs with \u0000good antibacterial activity were analyzed by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. \u0000According to their composition, Thymus vulgaris and Eucalyptus globulus EOs were combined with that of \u0000Cymbopogon citratus using the ratios 2/1; 1/1; 1/2 (w/w) and tested against on bacterial growth. \u0000Results: The retrospective study showed that 10.8% of infant diarrhea was caused by Escherichia coli, Salmonella \u0000typhimurium and Salmonella paratyphimurium. The Minimum inhibition Concentrations (MIC) of single EOs was \u0000between 0.78 and 25 mg/mL which were observed to be greater than those of their combinations which ranged between \u00000.195 and 6.52 mg/mL. The active essential oils contained mainly hydrocarbonated and oxygenated monoterpens. \u0000Conclusion: The good antibacterial effects of two Thymus combinations Th1 and Th2 observed on Salmonella \u0000typhimurium and Salmonella paratyphimurium suggest their used in aromatherapy to cure bacterial diarrhea.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"208 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80526181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Onoja, C. Eke, Emmanuel Ejiofo, K. Madubuike, M. I. Ezeja, Y. Omeh, A. O. Anaga
Background: Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod is a perennial herb found in Africa along the rainforest zone and occurs as weed. It is cultivated in Cameroon and Akwa-Ibom in Nigeria due to its medicinal values. This study investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of hydromethanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod leaf in rat model. Materials and Methods: The plant material was extracted using cold maceration method in 80% hydromethanol. The acute oral toxicity test was performed using Up and Down method with limit dose of 2000 mg/kg. The in vitro antioxidant property was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power photometric assays. The anti-inflammatory potential was investigated in egg-albumin and carrageenan induced paw edema models while the antinociceptive activity was determined using acetic acid induced writhing reflex and tail immersion tests at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. The negative control group (group A) received distilled water (vehicle) at 5 ml/kg while acetyl salicylic acid (200 mg/kg) was used as the reference drug for the anti-inflammatory models and acetic acid induced writhing reflex model while pentazocine (5 mg/kg) was used as the reference drug for tail immersion test. Results: The LD50 of the extract was greater than 2000 mg/kg. The extract (25 to 400 μg/ml) demonstrated potent antioxidant activities in both the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. The E. speciosa extract caused significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in the extract treated groups when compared to rats that received distilled water. The optimal activities of the extract were produced at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: The study supports the folkloric use of Eremomastax speciosa leaf in the management of pain and inflammatory conditions in traditional medicine.
{"title":"ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE PROPERTIES OF HYDRO-METHANOL EXTRACT OF EREMOMASTAX SPECIOSA (HOCHST.) CUFOD LEAF","authors":"S. Onoja, C. Eke, Emmanuel Ejiofo, K. Madubuike, M. I. Ezeja, Y. Omeh, A. O. Anaga","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod is a perennial herb found in Africa along the rainforest zone and occurs as weed. It is cultivated in Cameroon and Akwa-Ibom in Nigeria due to its medicinal values. This study investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of hydromethanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod leaf in rat model. \u0000Materials and Methods: The plant material was extracted using cold maceration method in 80% hydromethanol. The acute oral toxicity test was performed using Up and Down method with limit dose of 2000 mg/kg. The in vitro antioxidant property was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power photometric assays. The anti-inflammatory potential was investigated in egg-albumin and carrageenan induced paw edema models while the antinociceptive activity was determined using acetic acid induced writhing reflex and tail immersion tests at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. The negative control group (group A) received distilled water (vehicle) at 5 ml/kg while acetyl salicylic acid (200 mg/kg) was used as the reference drug for the anti-inflammatory models and acetic acid induced writhing reflex model while pentazocine (5 mg/kg) was used as the reference drug for tail immersion test. \u0000Results: The LD50 of the extract was greater than 2000 mg/kg. The extract (25 to 400 μg/ml) demonstrated potent antioxidant activities in both the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. The E. speciosa extract caused significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in the extract treated groups when compared to rats that received distilled water. The optimal activities of the extract were produced at the dose of 100 mg/kg. \u0000Conclusion: The study supports the folkloric use of Eremomastax speciosa leaf in the management of pain and inflammatory conditions in traditional medicine.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"147 1","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76746026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-15DOI: 10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.11
D. Dragoș, M. Gilca, L. Gaman, I. Stoian, O. Lupescu
Background. Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease affecting a large percentage of aging population, which leads to an increased risk of fractures and has a negative impact on life quality. The available treatments for osteoporosis are effective, but are associated with several severe adverse reactions, hence the interest for alternative treatments devoid of such redoubtable side effects. Medicinal plants represent a viable resource for new therapeutic agents. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview about the medicinal plants that have been reported to have anti-osteoporotic effects in human clinical studies. Materials and Methods. Relevant studies found in PubMed database, pertaining to efficacy in humans, mechanism of action, osteoactive phytochemicals and safety, were selected. For the inquiry, keywords such as “medicinal plant”, “osteoporosis”, “bone”, “fracture”, “osteoclast” and “osteoblast” were used in various combinations. The information extracted was integrated with the traditional knowledge on the correspondent medicinal plants. Results. Eight medicinal plants (Cimicifuga racemosa, Cissus quadrangularis, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Epimedium spp., Glycine max, Pueraria spp., Panax notoginseng, Salvia milthiorriza) were selected. Mechanisms involved include the activation of osteoblasts, inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, estrogen-like activity, anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of collagen degradation by cathepsin K. Conclusion. Several medicinal plants have been included in clinical studies successfully targeting osteoporosis, thus showing the potential to modulate bone resorption and bone formation.
{"title":"OSTEOPROTECTIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS - PART 1 (A HUMAN CLINICAL EVIDENCE-BASED REVIEW)","authors":"D. Dragoș, M. Gilca, L. Gaman, I. Stoian, O. Lupescu","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease affecting a large percentage of aging population, which leads to an increased risk of fractures and has a negative impact on life quality. The available treatments for osteoporosis are effective, but are associated with several severe adverse reactions, hence the interest for alternative treatments devoid of such redoubtable side effects. Medicinal plants represent a viable resource for new therapeutic agents. \u0000The purpose of this review is to provide an overview about the medicinal plants that have been reported to have anti-osteoporotic effects in human clinical studies. \u0000Materials and Methods. Relevant studies found in PubMed database, pertaining to efficacy in humans, mechanism of action, osteoactive phytochemicals and safety, were selected. For the inquiry, keywords such as “medicinal plant”, “osteoporosis”, “bone”, “fracture”, “osteoclast” and “osteoblast” were used in various combinations. The information extracted was integrated with the traditional knowledge on the correspondent medicinal plants. Results. Eight medicinal plants (Cimicifuga racemosa, Cissus quadrangularis, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Epimedium spp., Glycine max, Pueraria spp., Panax notoginseng, Salvia milthiorriza) were selected. Mechanisms involved include the activation of osteoblasts, inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, estrogen-like activity, anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of collagen degradation by cathepsin K. \u0000Conclusion. Several medicinal plants have been included in clinical studies successfully targeting osteoporosis, thus showing the potential to modulate bone resorption and bone formation.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"16 1","pages":"102-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78985657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are increasingly popular globally with frequent use amongst patients with atopic eczema (AE). Despite increased AE prevalence in South Africa (SA), no local data on CAM-use for this disease exists. Methods: A cross-sectional study utilizing a comprehensive questionnaire qualifying and quantifying CAM use in patients with AE. We interviewed 206 AE patients; 106 from a public hospital dermatology clinic and 100 from private dermatology practices in central Durban. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared means of continuous predictors across 3 or more groups. Differences in frequencies of categorical explanatory variables by CAM and AE were assessed using Pearson chi-square (χ2) test or Fishers exact test. Results: There were 143 children, 63 adults; 163 females and 43 males. Races represented were Black (56%), Indian (33%), Coloured (6%) and White (4%). 135(66%) reported current or previous CAM use. Common reasons were family/friends’ recommendations (42%) and media-influence (23%). Frequently used CAMs were vitamins (35%), aromatherapy oils (27%), herbal creams (26%), traditional African medicines (23%) and homeopathy (19%). Nondisclosure to the dermatologist was high (59%). Almost half (48%) said they were not questioned about CAM use. More Indian patients used CAM (p=0.001) and Muslims were most frequent CAM users (p=0.044). Although not statistically significant, the more educated and higher income bracket used CAM more. 28% felt CAM had fewer sideeffects, 28% felt it was safer than conventional medicine and 35% felt CAM was more natural. Conclusion: The detailed trends of CAM use by South Africans for AE is an important addition to the current literature. Dermatologists and healthcare professionals addressing patients with AE need to be more familiar with CAM types that patients may explore as this could impact on the overall clinical outcome.
{"title":"An insight into the use of complementary and alternative medicines among patients with atopic eczema in central Durban, South Africa","authors":"Y. Thandar, J. Botha, B. Sartorius, A. Mosam","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are increasingly popular globally with frequent use \u0000amongst patients with atopic eczema (AE). Despite increased AE prevalence in South Africa (SA), no local data on \u0000CAM-use for this disease exists. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study utilizing a comprehensive questionnaire qualifying and quantifying CAM use in \u0000patients with AE. We interviewed 206 AE patients; 106 from a public hospital dermatology clinic and 100 from private \u0000dermatology practices in central Durban. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared means of continuous \u0000predictors across 3 or more groups. Differences in frequencies of categorical explanatory variables by CAM and AE \u0000were assessed using Pearson chi-square (χ2) test or Fishers exact test. \u0000Results: There were 143 children, 63 adults; 163 females and 43 males. Races represented were Black (56%), Indian \u0000(33%), Coloured (6%) and White (4%). 135(66%) reported current or previous CAM use. Common reasons were \u0000family/friends’ recommendations (42%) and media-influence (23%). Frequently used CAMs were vitamins (35%), \u0000aromatherapy oils (27%), herbal creams (26%), traditional African medicines (23%) and homeopathy (19%). Nondisclosure \u0000to the dermatologist was high (59%). Almost half (48%) said they were not questioned about CAM use. \u0000More Indian patients used CAM (p=0.001) and Muslims were most frequent CAM users (p=0.044). Although not \u0000statistically significant, the more educated and higher income bracket used CAM more. 28% felt CAM had fewer sideeffects, \u000028% felt it was safer than conventional medicine and 35% felt CAM was more natural. \u0000Conclusion: The detailed trends of CAM use by South Africans for AE is an important addition to the current \u0000literature. Dermatologists and healthcare professionals addressing patients with AE need to be more familiar with CAM \u0000types that patients may explore as this could impact on the overall clinical outcome.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"24 1","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83022591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ma Dolores Pérez-García, Ofelia Romero-Cerecero, A. Zamilpa, R. Román-Ramos, J. Tortoriello
Background: Obesity is considered a multifactorial disease that has importantly increased the development of chronic degenerative diseases. Drugs available for treating obesity have the inconvenience of producing side effects of importance. In Mexican traditional medicine, the seeds of Thevetia peruviana have been widely employed for weight reduction. Materials and Methods: The effect produced by different extracts of T. peruviana on MonoSodium Glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity in mice was evaluated. A chemical analysis oriented toward the identification of the chemical compounds contained in the active extract was carried out. Results: Oral administration of the hexanic extract of T. peruviana (for 7 weeks) was capable of diminishing weight gain by up to 24.1% in the mice without observing the development of resistance to insulin. Median lethal dose of the hexanic and Ethyl Acetate (EtOAc) extracts was >2 g/kg. By utilizing bio-assay guided fractionation, eight secondary metabolites were purified and characterized. Conclusion: The hexanic extract obtained from Thevetia peruviana seeds was capable of reducing weight gain in mice with induced obesity. In addition, this extract showed good response to the glucose tolerance test, was able to avoid the development of insulin resistance, and also substantially increased serum adiponectin levels. Eight low-polarity compounds were identified in the active fraction. This species could be considered for ongoing investigation as a potential option to reduce obesity
{"title":"Effect of Thevetia peruviana on murine-induced obesity","authors":"Ma Dolores Pérez-García, Ofelia Romero-Cerecero, A. Zamilpa, R. Román-Ramos, J. Tortoriello","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity is considered a multifactorial disease that has importantly increased the development of chronic degenerative diseases. Drugs available for treating obesity have the inconvenience of producing side effects of importance. In Mexican traditional medicine, the seeds of Thevetia peruviana have been widely employed for weight reduction. \u0000Materials and Methods: The effect produced by different extracts of T. peruviana on MonoSodium Glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity in mice was evaluated. A chemical analysis oriented toward the identification of the chemical compounds contained in the active extract was carried out. \u0000Results: Oral administration of the hexanic extract of T. peruviana (for 7 weeks) was capable of diminishing weight gain by up to 24.1% in the mice without observing the development of resistance to insulin. Median lethal dose of the hexanic and Ethyl Acetate (EtOAc) extracts was >2 g/kg. By utilizing bio-assay guided fractionation, eight secondary metabolites were purified and characterized. \u0000Conclusion: The hexanic extract obtained from Thevetia peruviana seeds was capable of reducing weight gain in mice with induced obesity. In addition, this extract showed good response to the glucose tolerance test, was able to avoid the development of insulin resistance, and also substantially increased serum adiponectin levels. Eight low-polarity compounds were identified in the active fraction. This species could be considered for ongoing investigation as a potential option to reduce obesity","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"4 1","pages":"78-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88081884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Everlyne N. Wanzala, N. K. Gikonyo, G. Murilla, M. Githua, A. Hassanali
Background: Current chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis have become largely ineffective, necessitating the search for alternative compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro anti-trypanosomal activities of methanol extracts of parts of Azadirachta indica against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma evansi and establish the in vivo efficacy of the most active extract. Materials and methods: Maceration of powdered leaves, stem bark and root bark of the plant in methanol afforded three extracts. In vitro assays were carried out with the extracts on the three trypanosome strains in 96-well microtitre plates at concentration ranges of 4000 - 1000μg/ml. The most active extract was assayed in vivo using Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infected Swiss albino mice at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. Melarsoprol and suramin served as positive controls. The infected untreated group served as the negative control. Parasitaemia levels, packed cell volume, body weight changes and mean survival period of all groups were monitored throughout the experimental period. Results: Methanol extract of the stem bark of A.indica was most active in vitro against all the three trypanosome strains (MIC values of 9.93±1.88, 16.25±0.92 and 9.97±0.44μg/ml for T. b. rhodesiense, T. b. brucei and T. evansi, respectively). The extract showed optimum activity at 400 mg/kg and was comparable to the positive control groups. Parasitaemia levels were kept at a significantly low level (p 0.05) in mean survival time of mice treated with the extract at 400 mg/kg and the positive controls. Conclusion: In vitro and in vivo anti-trypanosomal activities of the methanol extract of A. indica stem bark could be attributed to the presence of constituents of moderate polarity.
{"title":"In vitro and in vivo anti-trypanosomal activities of methanol extract of Azadirachta indica stem-bark","authors":"Everlyne N. Wanzala, N. K. Gikonyo, G. Murilla, M. Githua, A. Hassanali","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Current chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis have become largely ineffective, necessitating the search for alternative compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro anti-trypanosomal activities of methanol extracts of parts of Azadirachta indica against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma evansi and establish the in vivo efficacy of the most active extract. \u0000Materials and methods: Maceration of powdered leaves, stem bark and root bark of the plant in methanol afforded three extracts. In vitro assays were carried out with the extracts on the three trypanosome strains in 96-well microtitre plates at concentration ranges of 4000 - 1000μg/ml. The most active extract was assayed in vivo using Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infected Swiss albino mice at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. Melarsoprol and suramin served as positive controls. The infected untreated group served as the negative control. Parasitaemia levels, packed cell volume, body weight changes and mean survival period of all groups were monitored throughout the experimental period. \u0000Results: Methanol extract of the stem bark of A.indica was most active in vitro against all the three trypanosome strains (MIC values of 9.93±1.88, 16.25±0.92 and 9.97±0.44μg/ml for T. b. rhodesiense, T. b. brucei and T. evansi, respectively). The extract showed optimum activity at 400 mg/kg and was comparable to the positive control groups. Parasitaemia levels were kept at a significantly low level (p 0.05) in mean survival time of mice treated with the extract at 400 mg/kg and the positive controls. \u0000Conclusion: In vitro and in vivo anti-trypanosomal activities of the methanol extract of A. indica stem bark could be attributed to the presence of constituents of moderate polarity.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"25 1","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78528701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingjing Yu, Jie Su, Fenghua Li, Jian-Li Gao, Bo Li, Min-Xia Pang, Guiyuan Lv, Suhong Chen
Background: Fresh pine needles, which evergreen, renewable and can be collected at any time, have abundant essential oil. The pine needle essential oil possess various biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective properties etc., and can be widely used as medicine or medical raw materials, fragrances etc. So in order to make full use of pine needle plant resources, especially essential oil, the identification and quantification of essential oil were investigated. Materials and Methods: GC-MS was used to identified compounds in pine needle essential oil of Pinus massoniana Lamb. from Zhejiang, and GC method was developed for determining 5 compounds (namely α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, bornyl acetate, β-caryophyllene) in pine needle essential oil from different habitats of Pinus massoniana Lamb. and different species (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv., Abies holophylla Maxim.). Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was used to evaluate homogeneity of pine needles in China. Results: 42 compounds(monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were identified by GC-MS, which accounted for 99.62% of total essential oil, particularly contained α-and β-pinene (45.23%). Quantification results showed content of bornyl acetate were the lowest, while content of α-pinene, β-pinene were all high except Sichuan, among them α-pinene were higher than β-pinene except for Shandong and Jiangsu, and total content of essential oil in Guangxi is the highest, Jiangsu was the lowest within Pinus massoniana from different habitats. Within pine needle from different species, the highest total content was Pinus koraiensis, the lowest was Pinus sylvestris, Interestingly, the highest content of bornyl acetate was Abies holophylla. By HCA, samples were sorted into two clusters, Abies holophylla and the other, that is Abies holophylla is different from Pinus massoniana, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus sylvestris. Pinus massoniana from Sichuan is different from other Pinus, in which limonene was the highest in all samples. Conclusions: Compounds of pine needle essential oil vary greatly between genus, while smaller between species, so composition differences among pine needle essential oil was related with genus and species. Abies holophylla is different from other pinus species, and Pinus massoniana from Sichuan is different from other habitats. Pine needle essential oil contains abundant α-and β-pinene, which can be used as an alternative raw materials source of pinene. And Abies holophylla and Pinus massoniana from Sichuan can become bornyl acetate and limonene alternative source of raw materials.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PINE NEEDLE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM DIFFERENT HABITATS AND SPECIES OF CHINA BY GC-MS AND GC METHOD","authors":"Jingjing Yu, Jie Su, Fenghua Li, Jian-Li Gao, Bo Li, Min-Xia Pang, Guiyuan Lv, Suhong Chen","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fresh pine needles, which evergreen, renewable and can be collected at any time, have abundant \u0000essential oil. The pine needle essential oil possess various biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, \u0000anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective properties etc., and can be widely used as medicine or medical raw materials, \u0000fragrances etc. So in order to make full use of pine needle plant resources, especially essential oil, the identification and \u0000quantification of essential oil were investigated. \u0000Materials and Methods: GC-MS was used to identified compounds in pine needle essential oil of Pinus massoniana \u0000Lamb. from Zhejiang, and GC method was developed for determining 5 compounds (namely α-pinene, β-pinene, \u0000limonene, bornyl acetate, β-caryophyllene) in pine needle essential oil from different habitats of Pinus massoniana \u0000Lamb. and different species (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv., Abies holophylla \u0000Maxim.). Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was used to evaluate homogeneity of pine needles in China. \u0000Results: 42 compounds(monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were identified by GC-MS, which accounted for 99.62% of \u0000total essential oil, particularly contained α-and β-pinene (45.23%). Quantification results showed content of bornyl \u0000acetate were the lowest, while content of α-pinene, β-pinene were all high except Sichuan, among them α-pinene were \u0000higher than β-pinene except for Shandong and Jiangsu, and total content of essential oil in Guangxi is the highest, \u0000Jiangsu was the lowest within Pinus massoniana from different habitats. Within pine needle from different species, the \u0000highest total content was Pinus koraiensis, the lowest was Pinus sylvestris, Interestingly, the highest content of bornyl \u0000acetate was Abies holophylla. By HCA, samples were sorted into two clusters, Abies holophylla and the other, that is \u0000Abies holophylla is different from Pinus massoniana, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus sylvestris. Pinus massoniana from \u0000Sichuan is different from other Pinus, in which limonene was the highest in all samples. \u0000Conclusions: Compounds of pine needle essential oil vary greatly between genus, while smaller between species, so \u0000composition differences among pine needle essential oil was related with genus and species. Abies holophylla is \u0000different from other pinus species, and Pinus massoniana from Sichuan is different from other habitats. Pine needle \u0000essential oil contains abundant α-and β-pinene, which can be used as an alternative raw materials source of pinene. And \u0000Abies holophylla and Pinus massoniana from Sichuan can become bornyl acetate and limonene alternative source of \u0000raw materials.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74437720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Saka, R. Akhigbe, A. Ajayi, L. Ajayi, O. E. Nwabuzor
Background: Evaluation of the medicinal uses of plants remains a growing field of research. This study investigated the effects of Eucalyptus globules on alloxan -induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male albino rats were randomized into 5 groups (n=6). Group A served as the control and was maintained on standard rat chow and water ad’libitum. Diabetes was induced in Group C, D and E animals by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). Groups B and D were orally administered with aqueous extract of Eucalyptus globulus at a dose of 150 mg/kg per oral daily for 4 weeks, while group E received glibenclamide at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg orally in addition. Fasting plasma glucose, antioxidant status (catalase and xanthine), malondialdehyde (MDA), liver function enzymes (AST and ALT) and bicarbonate ion (HC03 -) were assessed after 4 weeks. Results: Aqueous extract of Eucalyptus globulus leaves significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose level, MDA, HC03 -, and liver enzymes (P
{"title":"ANTI-DIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS IN EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS","authors":"W. Saka, R. Akhigbe, A. Ajayi, L. Ajayi, O. E. Nwabuzor","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V14I6.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evaluation of the medicinal uses of plants remains a growing field of research. This study investigated \u0000the effects of Eucalyptus globules on alloxan -induced diabetic rats. \u0000Materials and Methods: Thirty male albino rats were randomized into 5 groups (n=6). Group A served as the control \u0000and was maintained on standard rat chow and water ad’libitum. Diabetes was induced in Group C, D and E animals by \u0000intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). Groups B and D were orally administered with \u0000aqueous extract of Eucalyptus globulus at a dose of 150 mg/kg per oral daily for 4 weeks, while group E received \u0000glibenclamide at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg orally in addition. Fasting plasma glucose, antioxidant status (catalase and \u0000xanthine), malondialdehyde (MDA), liver function enzymes (AST and ALT) and bicarbonate ion (HC03 \u0000-) were \u0000assessed after 4 weeks. \u0000Results: Aqueous extract of Eucalyptus globulus leaves significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose level, MDA, \u0000HC03 \u0000-, and liver enzymes (P","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"23 3 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78130588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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