Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America最新文献

{"title":"Review: List of arthropod pests and their natural enemies identified worldwide on date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L.","authors":"","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.12.516.524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.12.516.524","url":null,"abstract":"The date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae) is subject to damage by numerous arthropod pests. This review lists 112 species of mite and insect pests associated with date palm distributed among 10 orders and 42 different families. Of these species, few are identified as major or potential pests of date palm tree. The listed species are classified according to their preferred part on the tree into: 34 species on the foliages, 30 species on palm bases, stem and roots, 26 species on inflorescences, bunch stalks, green and ripening fruits, and 22 species attacking date during harvest and storage. In addition to harmful insect and mite pests, more than 45 predators and parasitoids in 7 orders and 15 families are identified. Ten species are considered as major pests viz., the red palm weevil (Rhynchophorous ferrugineus), Old world date mite (Oligonychus afrasiaticus), lesser date moth (Batrachedra amydraula), Dubas date bug (Ommatissus binotatus), green pit scale (Palmapsis phoenicis), carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae), longhorn date palm stem borer (Jebusaea hammerschmidti), rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes agamemnon), fruit stalk borer (Oryctes elegans) and almond moth (Cadra cautella).","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83435859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of lead in the tissues of freshwater catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to static nominal concentrations of lead nitrate","authors":"Kusemiju Victor, Amoruwa Patience","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.12.510.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.12.510.515","url":null,"abstract":"Static bioassay methods were used under laboratory conditions to determine the accumulation of lead by Clarias gariepinus. The C. gariepinus fingerlings were exposed to sublethal analar grade of lead nitrate solution. The levels of lead in the samples were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The amount of lead accumulated by C. gariepinus was found to be a function of the concentration of lead in the water in which the test C. gariepinus were maintained and duration of exposure. After 8 weeks of exposure, to 0.032, 0.052, and 0.160mgl -1 the accumulated lead was 12.63, 26.94, and 33.49 Ugg -1 (fresh weight) respectively. The lead was found to be accumulated to different levels by the different tissues analysed. The order of accumulation was gill > liver > muscles. The high level of lead in the lead in the gill might not be unconnected with externally bound lead from the medium rather than internally bound lead to the gill. The increase lead concentration recorded in the control fish could be due to lead in their food (feed) or the lead present in the well water to which the fish were exposed in this study.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74201633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of coloured lights on night-time colony management of the African honey bee (Apis mellifera adansonii)","authors":"D. Edet, A. Oladele","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.12.506.509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.12.506.509","url":null,"abstract":"Torchlight plays an important part during colony inspection and honey harvesting in the tropics. The impact of coloured lights on night – time colony management of the African honey bees (Apis mellifera adansonii) was investigated in a Gmelina arborea plantation, Obubra, Nigeria. A Tanzanian top-bar bee hive coated with bee wax at the inner surface to attract bees and four identical torches modified to emit green, blue, red and white (control) lights were used. The four colours served as treatments for the study. The experiment was conducted for four weeks during the wet season in June/July, 2010. The mean numbers of honeybees attracted to each coloured light were: white (143.00), blue (122.50), green (97.75) and red (85.00). Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (0.001, p ≤ 0.05) among the various coloured lights in relation to number of bees attracted to each light while the Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) revealed no significant difference between green and red coloured lights (0.274, p ≤ 0.05) alone. The red and green lights are therefore recommended for management of African honeybees at night.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78130465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary assessment of tree species diversity in Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Nigeria","authors":"D. Edet, H. Ijeomah, A. Ogogo","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.12.486.492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.12.486.492","url":null,"abstract":"Appraisal of flora species which form an integral part of animal ecology, in wildlife based protected areas is necessary before any meaningful conservation work can commence. This informed the study on the preliminary assessment of tree species diversity in Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary (AMWS) and its adjoining communal forest, a biodiversity hotspot in Nigeria. The Point Centre Quarter Method (PCQM) was employed for the study while the Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H) and student t test were used to analyse data generated. The study revealed a total of 102 tree species in 35 families and 74 tree species in 31 families for the protected (sanctuary) and communal forests respectively. Afzelia bipidensis (RD = 5.00) and Ceiba pentandra (RD = 7.50) were the abundant species in the protected and communal forests respectively. Forty-nine (49) and twenty-seven (27) tree species were recorded as threatened in the protected and communal forests respectively. The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Indices obtained for the sanctuary (H1 = 4.3459) and communal forest (H2 = 4.0250) are not significantly different (p > 0.05). The dominance of Ceiba pentandra and presence of Harungana madagascariensis, and Musanga cecropioides in the communal forest indicated a characteristic of a secondary forest occasioned by anthropogenic impacts.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88152815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of infestation by cereal leaf beetles (Oulema spp.) on six varieties of durum wheat (Triticum dirum, Desf.) seedlings in arid conditions of Setif, Algeria","authors":"A. Mekhlouf, M. Makhlouf","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.12.525.528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.12.525.528","url":null,"abstract":"The abundance of cereal leaf beetle on six durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.) and the influence of leaf flags infestation on grain yield per spike were studied. The results show the existence of two species of beetle at the experimental site (ITGC, Setif), namely Oulema melanopus and Oulema hoffmannseggi. The study shows also, that varieties tested were infested at different rates and there is a negative effect between the infestation rate of the flag leaf and grain weight per ear. Thus, the rate of loss of grain per spike ranged range from 3.48% in Boussellam variety to 23.15% in Megress variety if the infestation rate of the flag leaf is less than 10%, then the rate of loss in grain per spike can vary between 29.35% in Boussellam to 85.71% in Ofanto if the infestation rate of flag leaf is greater than 40%.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82210656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MBYMV), its epidemiology and management through Mycotal, Imidacloprid and Tracer","authors":"M. A. Khan, A. Rashid, A. Mateen, M. Sohail, H. Rehman, M. Sajid, F. Rasheed, M. Anjum, A. Anjum, M. Ashraf","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.11.476.480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.11.476.480","url":null,"abstract":"Four varieties of mungbean AARI-2006, Mung-97001, NM-2006 and M-6 were subjected to screening in the Research Area of Department of Plant Pathology, University Of Agriculture Faisalabad. Three chemicals Imidacloprid, Mycotal and Tracer were evaluated against mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MBYMV) and whitefly. The variety AARI-2006 was resistant while the variety NM-2006 was moderately resistant. The chemical imidacloprid was most effective to control whitefly population and MBYMV. Correlation of environmental factors (maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) with MBYMV percent plant infection was also determined. There was a significant correlation of environmental variables with MBYMV percent plant infection. The use of Imidacloprid proves to be a best option in case of epidemiological occurrence of environmental variables followed by Tracer and Mycotal respectively.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80496758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonism capability in vitro of Trichoderma harzianum against some pathogenic fungi","authors":"H. Mokhtar, A. Dehimat","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.11.452.460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.11.452.460","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to clarify the antagonism capability in vitro of the antagonistic fungus (Trichoderma harzianum) against the pathogenic fungus, four isolates of pathogenic fungus associated internally with the solid wheat seeds ( Triticum durum )Desf , follower for species: Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium sp, Stemphylium botryosum and Alternaria sp, were brought. The antagonistic sample (Trichoderma harzianum) was isolated from the wheat plant soil. The results showed that:The direct confrontation of Trichoderma harzianum against the different fungus isolates in vitro on PDA medium, showed in the third day of the experiment an inhibition in the pathogenic mycelia growth, with a different ratios, it was equal to: 41.66% and 50% for Stemphylium botryosum and Cladosporium sp, respectively, and amounted in the fourth day to 56.52% and 57.14% , for Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria sp, respectively, did not show any growth of the different pathogenic fungi when re-planting a disk from the interaction hyphal areas between the antagonistic fungus and the pathogenic fungus from the different dual cultures, while the antagonistic fungus was grown. The microscopic observations of the different interactions hyphal showed that the antagonistic fungus was affected on the pathogenic fungi with a several biological forms: Decomposition phenomenon (Lyses): the antagonistic fungus was analyzed the mycelia and spores of Cladosporium sp, while was analyzed the mycelia and damped the spore formation in the other pathogenic fungi, compared with control. Parasitism phenomenon (Mycoparasitism): it was found that the hyphae of Trichoderma harzianum has formed Haustoria on the cell walls of Stemphylium botryosum hyphae and they penetrated within them. The remote confrontation showed that the volatile metabolic substances of the antagonistic fungus affected the growth of the pathogenic fungi , with a different rates over the seven days of treatment, it peaked after two days of treatment to reach 13.33% and 50% in Botrytis cinirea and Cladosporium sp, respectively, and decreased to 08.33% in the fourth day in Botrytis cinirea and scored in the fifth day a ratio equal to 25.42% for Cladosporium sp, and was scored the maximum ratio in the third day in Stemphylium botryosum to 23.07%,and lowered to 07.93% in the seventh day, but in the Alternararia sp has recorded the lowest inhibition percentage to 05.55% in the third day and 05.76% in the seventh day. The microscopic observations Noted that the volatile metabolic substances of the antagonistic fungus was affected the pathogenic fungi with a several modes, their were with the mycelia analysis and prevent the spore formation in the Alternararia sp, while was analyzed and aggregated the spores in the Cladosporium sp, and stopped only the spore formation in both Botrytis cinirea and Stemphylium botryosum, compared with control.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91549311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Export trend of Indian ornamental fish industry","authors":"L. Jayalal, A. Ramachandran","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.11.439.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.11.439.451","url":null,"abstract":"Inspite of having two hotspots of biodiversity India is way long back in the ornamental fish trade. Large number of species can only foster the needs of the industry. The study aims to (1) to find the various indigenous, exotic ornamental fish species and ornamental shrimp species being exported from India, (2) to provide an overview of the trends in the Indian ornamental fish export industry. 287 indigenous fish species, 92 exotic fish species and 44 ornamental shrimps have been found to get exported from India. The export trend of the industry for the past ten years shows a declining state which is also reflected in the annual and compound annual growth rate. Ornamental fish industry has enormous potential in tropical countries like India. To expand trade, new technologies and policies will have to be developed which will help in attaining a sustainable industry.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88315260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RAPD analysis of genetic diversity in natural populations of Aegilops geniculata Roth and Triticum durum Desf from Tunisia","authors":"A. Mahjoub, K. Mguis, M. Rouaissi, R. Abdellaoui, N. Brahim, H. Karray","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.11.466.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.11.466.475","url":null,"abstract":"Aegilops geniculata Roth (Poaceae) is a potential source of genetic variation for wheat improvement. In order to distinguish and evaluate different genetic of Aegilops and Triticum using RAPD markers, thirteen Aegilops geniculata populations and three durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.) were collected from different regions of Tunisia (North and central). Aegilops geniculata Roth populations (Goussa, Djebel Abderahmen, Tabarka, Djebel Ressas), (Bizerte, Zaghouan), (Mekna, Ain Zana), (Djebel Oust, Souk jemaa, Sbeitla), (Djebel Serj, Nefza) constitute different groups. Complement gene locus were amplified by nineteen RAPD primers witch produced 212 bands, that 182 bands (about 86%) were polymorphic. The results revealed that genetic diversity within populations was relatively high. Nei’s genetic diversity (H) and Shannon’s index (I) were 0.324, 0.484 respectively. Global AMOVA showed that genetic variation within populations accounted 80% occurring (ΦPT =0.205 p<0.05). The total genetic diversity (Ht) and the within population genetic diversity (Hs) were 0.3195 and 0.1516 respectively, Total gene diversity was attributable mostly to diversity within population, indicating that the groups of populations were likely to differ genetically. Genetic differentiation was low in the two closely related species. The amount of gene flow (Nm) among groups of populations was also low. Despite the relatively restricted geographical range covered by the investigation, studied groups of populations exhibited a pronounced genetic divergence at different hierarchical levels. Therefore, dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance indicated segregation of Aegilops geniculata groups of populations and Triticum durum into two main clear pattern clusters. All this results proved that RAPD markers could be a powerful tool for investigating genetic variation and for detecting genetic structuring of populations at different hierarchical levels according to the segregation by distance model.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81531559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trans fatty acids effect on some serum enzymes and immunological parameters in Wistar albino rats","authors":"G. Egbung, I. Atangwho, E. Itam, E. U. Essien","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.11.461.465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.11.461.465","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of trans fatty acids on some serum enzymes and immunological parameters in male albino Wistar rats was evaluated in this study. Fifty (50) male Wistar albino rats weighing between 100-140g were divided into five groups of ten rats each. The animals were fed varying proportions of trans fatty acids (15% and 25%) respectively using margarine and thermoxidised palm oil as sources.The control received palletized grower’s feed. The feeding experiment lasted for eight (8) weeks after which the animals were sacrificed and sera collected for analyses. Results showed significant decrease/increase in levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) respectively.CD4+ levels and basophils count were increased in the test groups except group 3 compared to the controls. Lymphocytes showed significant decreases (P<0.05) in all the test groups except group 3 when compared to the control. Our findings did not reveal probable hepatotoxic effect and decreased immunity on consumption of of trans fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90396394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}