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Soil fertility in land use for sustainable food crops production in the southern Côte d'Ivoire Côte科特迪瓦南部可持续粮食作物生产中土地利用的土壤肥力
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5251/abjna.2016.7.1.19.26
D. Ettien, Jb Gnahoua, K. Kouadio, B. Koné, B. N’zué, Aaf Kouao, S. Neve, P. Boeckx
For improving knowledge on soil physical and chemical properties and management in cassava as food crop production areas of Côte d’Ivoire, field survey was conducted in localities of Dabou in the southwest and Bingerville in the south of Abidjan city targeting three sites in each of the locality. After defining a topographic position of the cassava fields encountered, the soil composite samples were taken in 0-40 cm depth. Pits were opened on the slope and the profiles were described therein. The subsoil is most frequently used for the production of cassava, the main crop in these two regions. The results of analysis showed that the soils are chemically poor. The pH was strongly acidic, causing the problem of solubilization of the aluminum ions in soil solution as well as phosphorus availability. In addition, organic matter levels were low overall threatening the increase of the productivity of crops unless applying fertilizers. Soils can be described as of poor quality and almost unfit for sustainable cassava production according to its relatively demanding in organic matter.
为了提高对作为Côte科特迪瓦粮食作物产区的木薯的土壤物理和化学特性和管理的认识,在西南部的Dabou和阿比让市南部的Bingerville进行了实地调查,目标是每个地方的三个地点。在确定所遇到的木薯田的地形位置后,在0-40 cm深度采集土壤复合样品。在斜坡上开了坑,并在其中描述了剖面。下层土壤最常用于木薯的生产,木薯是这两个地区的主要作物。分析结果表明,土壤的化学性质很差。pH值呈强酸性,造成铝离子在土壤溶液中的增溶问题,影响磷的有效性。此外,有机质水平总体偏低,除非施用化肥,否则对作物生产力的提高构成威胁。根据土壤对有机质的相对要求,土壤质量差,几乎不适合木薯的可持续生产。
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引用次数: 3
Parameter estimation of height-diameter relationships of Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Family Verbenaceae) 木兰花高径关系的参数估计。(家庭马鞭草科)
Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2013.4.4.468.475
S. Oluwafemi Oyamakin, A. Fajemila
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引用次数: 5
Effect of date fruits quantity on the numbers of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), captured in aggregation pheromone traps 枣果数量对聚集信息素诱捕红棕象甲(Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)数量的影响
Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2013.4.4.496.503
Effect of Date Fruits Quantity on the Numbers of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), Captured in Aggregation Pheromone Traps Ahmad Al Saoudand Aziz Ajlan Bani Yas Agriculture Research and Experiments Station, General Agricultural Directorate, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, PO Box 55009, Hofuf, Alhasa 31982, Saudi Arabia
枣果数量对聚集信息素捕集器捕获红棕榈象甲Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)数量的影响Ahmad Al Saoudand Aziz Ajlan Bani Yas农业研究与实验站,阿联酋阿布扎比农业总局旱地农业部,费萨尔国王大学农业与食品科学学院,邮政信箱55009,胡夫,阿拉木萨31982,沙特阿拉伯
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引用次数: 8
Comparative use of botanical oil extracts in pest management 植物油提取物在病虫害防治中的比较应用
Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2013.4.4.419.421
O. Olotuah
The efficacy of three botanicals, Cymbopogon citrates, Hyptis suaveolens and Eucalyptus globulus were tested on Callosobruchus maculatus (F), a pest of cowpea under ambient laboratory conditions. Oil extracts were obtained using soxhlet apparatus and petroleum ether as solvent. Efficacies of the extracted oils were determined on counted Callosobruchus maculatus and cowpea seeds in petri dishes. Insect mortality was observed at the different concentration levels for a few minutes and repeated three times for three weeks. In a screen house experiment, 1.0% concentration was observed to be the average and most effective concentration and subsequently selected as a basis for comparison in all the selected botanicals. The application of Hyptis suaveolens at 1.0 % was observed to be the most effective and significantly different from other botanicals while Eucalyptus globulus was the least effective.
在室内环境条件下,研究了枸橼酸Cymbopogon citrates、suaveolens Hyptis suaveolens和globulus Eucalyptus 3种植物制剂对豇豆害虫斑纹小蠹(Callosobruchus maculatus)的防治效果。以石油醚为溶剂,用索氏装置提取油提取物。在培养皿中测定了提取油对计数的黄斑斑蝶和豇豆种子的抑菌效果。观察不同浓度下几分钟的昆虫死亡率,重复三次,连续三周。在筛室试验中,观察到1.0%的浓度是平均和最有效的浓度,随后选择1.0%的浓度作为所有选定植物药的比较基础。结果表明,在1.0%的浓度下,尤加利(Eucalyptus globulus)的效果最好,与其他植物的效果有显著差异。
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引用次数: 4
Improving potato tuber yields using genotypes with multiple virus resistance in Kenya 利用肯尼亚多重病毒抗性基因型提高马铃薯块茎产量
Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2013.4.4.406.412
Onditi John, N. Kiarie, Shibairo Solomon
Potato (Solanumtuberosum L.) viruses play a major role in lowering yields and quality of ware and seed tubers in Kenya. This experiment was conducted to determine potential of potato clones with multiple virus resistance in minimizing virus related crop losses. The trials were conducted in two sites for four successive seasons of re-using seed tubers. The genotypes were exposed to natural sources of virus infection without spraying insecticides to control (aphids) virus vectors. Genotypes with multiple virus resistance experienced significant (P ≤ 0.05) lower rate of yield loss (21.2 %) compared to the major local varieties (68.4 %). There was successful identification of a higher yielding virus resistant clone (CIP396286.7) with significant (P ≤ 0.05) higher mean yield (30.3 T/ha) compared to the highest yielding local variety (24.3 T/ha), Tigoni. The number of tubers per plant was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher (12.1) in the virus resistant clones than in the local varieties (7.3). Reduced rate of yield loss, higher yield performance and higher number of tubers per plant in the tested clones was attributed to genetic contribution of multiple virus resistance. Virus related crop losses currently experienced by local farmers can be minimized with use of such virus resistant genotypes.
在肯尼亚,马铃薯(Solanumtuberosum L.)病毒在降低种子块茎产量和质量方面起着重要作用。本试验旨在确定具有多种病毒抗性的马铃薯无性系在减少与病毒有关的作物损失方面的潜力。试验在两个地点进行,连续四个季节重复使用种块茎。在不喷洒杀虫剂控制(蚜虫)病毒载体的情况下,将基因型暴露于自然病毒感染源。多病毒抗性基因型的产量损失率(21.2%)显著低于地方主要品种(68.4%)(P≤0.05)。成功鉴定出一个高产抗病毒克隆(CIP396286.7),其平均产量(30.3 T/ha)显著(P≤0.05)高于当地最高产量品种Tigoni (24.3 T/ha)。抗病无性系单株块茎数(12.1个)显著高于地方品种(7.3个)(P≤0.05)。在被试无性系中,产量损失率降低,产量性能提高,每株块茎数量增加,归因于多重病毒抗性的遗传贡献。使用这种抗病毒基因型可以最大限度地减少当地农民目前遭受的与病毒有关的作物损失。
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引用次数: 9
Utilization of banana peels for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger 香蕉皮在黑曲霉生产柠檬酸中的应用
Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2013.4.4.384.387
S. Kareem, R. Rahman
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引用次数: 52
Insecticidal and antifeedant efficacy of Jatropha oil extract against the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). 麻疯树油提取物对沙漠蝗的杀虫和拒食效果研究(直翅目:蝗科)
Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2013.4.3.260.267
E. M. Bashir, H. E. Shafie
Jatropha curcas (physic nut) is a drought-resistant multipurpose shrub or a small tree belonging to the Family Euphorbiaceae. Jatropha seed oil concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were tested for biological activity against the third nymphal instar of the desert locust, S. gregaria. All tested concentrations caused significant (p< 0.05) mortality in the experimental insects ranged from 22.4% to 59.2% after 7 days of application. The LD50 values for treated nymphs at 48, 72, and 96 hrs. were 3.12%, 6.57% and 9.85% respectively. Oil concentration of 10% has resulted in a delay of the development time from the 5 th to 6 th nymphal instar by 5 days, where treated nymphs had completed development in 16.50 days compared with only 11.33 days in the untreated control group and 12.00 days in the group treated with hexane. The same concentration (10%) also significantly reduced the per cent of egg hatch. The concentration of 5% caused a significant, 50% more, antifeedant effect on the treated nymphs as compared to the untreated control group.
麻疯树(物理坚果)是一种抗旱多用途灌木或小乔木属于大戟科。以5%、10%、15%和20%麻风树籽油浓度为对照,研究了麻风树籽油对荒漠蝗第三若虫的生物活性。施用7 d后,各浓度对实验昆虫的死亡率均有显著影响(p< 0.05),死亡率在22.4% ~ 59.2%之间。处理若虫48、72、96小时的LD50值。分别为3.12%、6.57%和9.85%。10%的油浓度使5 ~ 6龄若虫的发育时间延迟了5天,其中处理后的若虫在16.50天内完成了发育,而未处理的对照组仅为11.33天,用己烷处理的组为12.00天。同样的浓度(10%)也显著降低了鸡蛋的孵化率。与未处理的对照组相比,5%的浓度对处理过的若虫产生了显著的,50%以上的拒食效果。
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引用次数: 23
The effect of harvesting stage on fruit quality and shelf-life of four tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). 采收期对4个番茄品种果实品质和货架期的影响。
Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2013.4.3.252.259
R. Parker, B. Maalekuu
After six days of storage at room temperature (24 0 C), the effect of harvesting stage on fruit quality and shelf-life of four local cultivars of tomato (Rendo, Petomech, Cocoa and Power) of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill was investigated at the Department of Horticulture, KNUST. The experimental design adopted was a 4 x 4 x 2 factorial split-plot design; representing the four cultivars, four different ripening stages (Mature Green, 50% ripe, 75% ripe and 95% ripe) and two harvest intervals. Three fruit samples of the individual cultivars selected from each plot at the different ripening stages were evaluated for some quality parameters [fruit water loss(WL), fruit fresh weight (FFW), decay, total soluble solids (TSS), dry matter content (RDM), pericarp thickness (PTK), membrane ion leakage (EL) and fruit firmness (FF)]. The results showed that, Rendo at matured green and 50% ripe stages were outstanding in all the parameters examined, due to its good characteristics such as low water loss, high firmness, low membrane ion leakage and relatively thick pericarp tissue. These results suggest that Rendo could be grown by farmers in even distant areas that have problems with storage facilities, transportation and bad road network since it possesses properties which can prolong its shelf life.
在室温(240℃)贮藏6天后,研究了采收阶段对番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) 4个地方品种(Rendo、Petomech、Cocoa和Power)果实品质和货架期的影响。试验设计为4 × 4 × 2析因裂图设计;代表四个品种,四个不同的成熟阶段(成熟绿色,50%成熟,75%成熟和95%成熟)和两个收获间隔。在不同的成熟阶段,从每个地块选取3个不同品种的果实样品,对果实失水(WL)、果实鲜重(FFW)、腐烂、总可溶性固形物(TSS)、干物质含量(RDM)、果皮厚度(PTK)、膜离子泄漏(EL)和果实硬度(FF)等品质参数进行评价。结果表明,熟青期和50%熟期的仁都具有水分流失少、硬度高、膜离子渗漏少、果皮组织较厚等特点,在各项指标中表现突出。这些结果表明,即使是在储存设施、运输和道路网络不完善的偏远地区,农民也可以种植莲朵,因为它具有延长保质期的特性。
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引用次数: 4
Indigenous knowledge of shrimps and prawn species and fishing of the Benue and Niger river (middle – belt savannah) – Nigeria. 关于贝努埃河和尼日尔河(中带草原)的虾和对虾种类和渔业的土著知识-尼日利亚。
Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2013.4.3.221.226
Solomon S G, Ataguba A G, Chukwudi O P, Mbata F U
The study was carried out in 3 – state of Nigeria, Benue, Kogi and Niger with the following towns as the study areas Makurdi, Idah , Ganaja and Jebba. The major objective of this study was to have knowledge on the socio – economic indices, fishing gear, local name and fishing methods involved in shrimp fishing in the 3 states. Data on the socio – economic indices of the fisher folk’s were obtained through structured questionnaires and personal interviews. The data obtained revealed that shrimp fishing was mostly the profession of the young persons (Age 21 – 40 years) and the educational level of the fisher folks was high in the 3 study area with most of the fisher folks attaining mostly up to secondary school education and tertiary education in the areas. Ganaja having a value of 57.14% of fisher folks that attained tertiary education, 69.23% as the highest value of fisher folk’s that attain secondary school in Idah and 46.15% as the highest value of fisher folk’s that attain primary school education in Makurdi. The fishing method employed commonly in the areas of study was the use of basket and sticks and the use of fishing traps. The shrimps were sold at varying prices ranging from ₦120.00 per milk cup ₦5,000.00 for half a big basin in the study areas.
该研究在尼日利亚、贝努埃、科吉和尼日尔3个州进行,研究地区为马库尔迪、伊达、加纳加和杰巴。本研究的主要目的是了解这三个州虾类捕捞的社会经济指标、渔具、当地名称和捕捞方法。采用结构化问卷调查和个人访谈法,对渔民的社会经济指标进行了调查。数据显示,捕虾主要以年轻人(21 ~ 40岁)为主,3个研究区渔民的文化程度较高,大部分渔民的文化程度在中学和大学以上。加纳加渔民接受高等教育的比例为57.14%,伊达渔民接受中等教育的比例最高为69.23%,马库尔迪渔民接受小学教育的比例最高为46.15%。在研究地区通常采用的捕鱼方法是使用篮子和棍棒以及使用捕鱼陷阱。在研究地区,虾的售价各不相同,从每奶杯120.00奈拉起,每半盆50000.00奈拉不等。
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引用次数: 11
Cattle marketing in Mubi Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria 尼日利亚阿达马瓦州Mubi地区的牛市场
Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2013.4.3.199.204
A. Mubi, S. Michika
This study is basically concerned with the marketing of cattle in Mubi Area of Adamawa State. It examined the strategies and procedures of marketing cattle and it investigates the socioeconomic characteristics of cattle marketers. The methods and techniques includes; collection of relevant data through the use of questionnaires, where a total of one hundred questionnaires were randomly distributed to various cattle marketers in the study area, their responses used for the analysis and interpretation of the result. The use of tables, frequencies and percentages were employed. The result showed 66% of the respondents were married. Poor educational status of the marketers (4 27%) also affects cattle marketing negatively. The result also shows that 5% of the marketers transport their animals on hooves and vehicles. The result of factors considered in buying also indicates more marketers at 75% consider size. Retailers, comprises 43% of the marketers. Age of the marketers, marital status has no negative effect on the marketing of cattle in this study.
本研究主要涉及阿达马瓦州Mubi地区的牛市场。它考察了营销牛的策略和程序,并调查了牛营销人员的社会经济特征。方法和技术包括:通过问卷调查的方式收集相关数据,其中共100份问卷随机分发给研究地区的各牛营销商,他们的回答用于分析和解释结果。使用表格、频率和百分比。调查结果显示,66%的受访者已婚。营销员受教育程度低(4.27%)也对养牛营销产生负面影响。调查结果还显示,5%的商人用蹄子和车辆运输他们的动物。购买时考虑的因素的结果也表明,有75%的营销人员考虑尺寸。零售商占营销人员的43%。在本研究中,营销员的年龄、婚姻状况对牛的营销员经营没有负向影响。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America
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