Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.5251/abjna.2012.3.10.400.405
F. Famuyiwa, A. C. Adebajo
Eugenia uniflora is used ethnomedicinally in Nigeria for diseases including malaria and in Brazil the leaves are spread on the floor for its insect-repellent activity. Search for plants useful in the control of vector of Dengue fever, necessitated investigation of the activity of E. uniflora leaf against fourth instars larvae of Aedes aegyptii, using bioactivity guided fractionation. Larvicidal activity (LC50 2.74 and 2.18 mg/ml at 24 and 48 h) of the leaf methanolic extract, comparable (p > 0.05) to Endosulphan (LC50 0.93 and 0.90 mg/ml at 24 and 48 h), was concentrated in the nhexane partition fraction (LC50 2.58 and 1.87 mg/ml at 24 and 48 h). Vacuum liquid chromatography of n-hexane fraction gave fifth and sixth bulked fractions with significantly (p 0.05) to that of Endosulphan and better than their mother fractions. The results established the larvicidal activity of E. uniflora leaf and encouraged further development of these fractions as alternative larvicide in the control of Dengue fever, especially among the rural populations of Africa.
{"title":"Larvicidal properties of Eugenia uniflora leaves","authors":"F. Famuyiwa, A. C. Adebajo","doi":"10.5251/abjna.2012.3.10.400.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2012.3.10.400.405","url":null,"abstract":"Eugenia uniflora is used ethnomedicinally in Nigeria for diseases including malaria and in Brazil the leaves are spread on the floor for its insect-repellent activity. Search for plants useful in the control of vector of Dengue fever, necessitated investigation of the activity of E. uniflora leaf against fourth instars larvae of Aedes aegyptii, using bioactivity guided fractionation. Larvicidal activity (LC50 2.74 and 2.18 mg/ml at 24 and 48 h) of the leaf methanolic extract, comparable (p > 0.05) to Endosulphan (LC50 0.93 and 0.90 mg/ml at 24 and 48 h), was concentrated in the nhexane partition fraction (LC50 2.58 and 1.87 mg/ml at 24 and 48 h). Vacuum liquid chromatography of n-hexane fraction gave fifth and sixth bulked fractions with significantly (p 0.05) to that of Endosulphan and better than their mother fractions. The results established the larvicidal activity of E. uniflora leaf and encouraged further development of these fractions as alternative larvicide in the control of Dengue fever, especially among the rural populations of Africa.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74167095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.406.412
Matveyeva Mikhailovna, K. Kaukarbayevich
A competitive version of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on usage of antibodies and conjugates to ribonucleoprotein (RNP) for screening of antibodies to certain subtypes of equine influenza virus has been developed as well as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for identification and typification of equine influenza virus, subtype H3, in biological materials.
{"title":"Development of immunological and molecular test systems for identification and typification of equine influenza virus","authors":"Matveyeva Mikhailovna, K. Kaukarbayevich","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.406.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.406.412","url":null,"abstract":"A competitive version of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on usage of antibodies and conjugates to ribonucleoprotein (RNP) for screening of antibodies to certain subtypes of equine influenza virus has been developed as well as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for identification and typification of equine influenza virus, subtype H3, in biological materials.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75639894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.385.390
H. E. Shafie, A. Almahy
This work was carried out to investigate the effects of grinding, storage conditions and duration on the bio-efficacy of neem seeds as a home-made insecticide against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Samples of neem seeds (intact and ground) were kept in small jute sacks and stored in the sun, refrigerator (4oC), and room temperature (28 ± 2oC) for two, four and six weeks in each condition. After the respective storage period, a water extract (5%) was prepared and sprayed topically on the 3 rd instar larvae of the beetle as well as on the pupal stage. A significant mortality of 62.83% resulted from the neem seeds stored in the refrigerator on the 7 th day of exposure. The seeds stored in the sun caused a mortality of 48.49%. The water extract from the seeds which were stored at room temperature, resulted in significantly high cumulative larval mortality of 50.30%. The efficacy of neem seeds kept in the sun was negatively affected and correlated with the length of storage period. However, the efficacy of the neem seeds stored in the refrigerator was increased with storage time. The pupal mortality due to spraying with water extract from neem seeds stored in the sun, refrigerator and room temperature was 49.67, 68.12 and 69.43% respectively. The mortality in the control (water treatment) was 7.33%. The results indicated that grinding of neem seeds before storage seems to have no effects on their efficacy.
{"title":"Effect of storage conditions and duration on the potency of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seeds as a home-made Insecticide","authors":"H. E. Shafie, A. Almahy","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.385.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.385.390","url":null,"abstract":"This work was carried out to investigate the effects of grinding, storage conditions and duration on the bio-efficacy of neem seeds as a home-made insecticide against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Samples of neem seeds (intact and ground) were kept in small jute sacks and stored in the sun, refrigerator (4oC), and room temperature (28 ± 2oC) for two, four and six weeks in each condition. After the respective storage period, a water extract (5%) was prepared and sprayed topically on the 3 rd instar larvae of the beetle as well as on the pupal stage. A significant mortality of 62.83% resulted from the neem seeds stored in the refrigerator on the 7 th day of exposure. The seeds stored in the sun caused a mortality of 48.49%. The water extract from the seeds which were stored at room temperature, resulted in significantly high cumulative larval mortality of 50.30%. The efficacy of neem seeds kept in the sun was negatively affected and correlated with the length of storage period. However, the efficacy of the neem seeds stored in the refrigerator was increased with storage time. The pupal mortality due to spraying with water extract from neem seeds stored in the sun, refrigerator and room temperature was 49.67, 68.12 and 69.43% respectively. The mortality in the control (water treatment) was 7.33%. The results indicated that grinding of neem seeds before storage seems to have no effects on their efficacy.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84803655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.427.434
A. Elsafori
The study deals with the ecology and taxonomy of the vegetation of Um Rimmitta area, Central Sudan. Taxonomic studies included collection, preparation, identification and classification of plant species in the study area. A total of 85 plant species were identified belonging o 30 families, represent the flora of the study area. From the identified species of the present study, (42) species were found to have medicinal values, and these represented (49.4%), of the total plant species of the study area. Moreover, a check-list of endangered, extinct and famine food plants has been provided. The study shown that during the drought spells in 1975, 1980, some of the plant species at the study area were lost. Also the study found that some plant species supported that locals during the period s of drought and bridged the gap in food supplies. The present study revealed that the soil moisture content was relatively low at the study area. The chemical analysis of the soil shown that there were no significant differences between sites in the study area with respect to soil elements. However, there were significant different between the sites in their pH values.
{"title":"Contribution to the flora of Um Rimmitta area, White Nile State, Sudan","authors":"A. Elsafori","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.427.434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.427.434","url":null,"abstract":"The study deals with the ecology and taxonomy of the vegetation of Um Rimmitta area, Central Sudan. Taxonomic studies included collection, preparation, identification and classification of plant species in the study area. A total of 85 plant species were identified belonging o 30 families, represent the flora of the study area. From the identified species of the present study, (42) species were found to have medicinal values, and these represented (49.4%), of the total plant species of the study area. Moreover, a check-list of endangered, extinct and famine food plants has been provided. The study shown that during the drought spells in 1975, 1980, some of the plant species at the study area were lost. Also the study found that some plant species supported that locals during the period s of drought and bridged the gap in food supplies. The present study revealed that the soil moisture content was relatively low at the study area. The chemical analysis of the soil shown that there were no significant differences between sites in the study area with respect to soil elements. However, there were significant different between the sites in their pH values.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77135865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.413.426
C. Madukosiri, D. Bawo
The illness pattern and the relationship between malaria and other infections were examined in the present work – a base-line information prior to a meaningful healthcare policy formulation. A period of 5years (2007 – 2011) illness pattern was retrospectively obtained from the University Medical Centre, while questionnaires addressing the various health-related activities were administered to 500 volunteer subjects - students and staff of the institution. Biochemical parameters in the various disease conditions were determined using standard tests, while the means of frequencies of disease occurrence were compared using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Results of mean comparison showed that the mean of frequencies of malaria infection was significantly increasing (p 0.05). Malaria infection was the most prevalent illness with the highest frequency occurring around the month of April, accounting for 63.83 – 67.10% of the illnesses compared. This was followed by upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), peptic ulcer, and candidiasis, in that order. The relationship between the illness types showed that a positive correlation existed between malaria and typhoid, and malaria and URTI, (p<0.05). From the results of questionnaire analysis, 70.89% of the male students’ group admitted having a frequency of one to twelve attacks of malaria infection per annum with 43.67% of them who claimed to have suffered previous typhoid infections. As a result, 25.32% were absent from lectures for a period of 1- 30 days per annum. These results showed that malaria infection was on the increase and apart from the likelihood of impacting negatively on students’ performance, could represent a huge source of financial drain on a developing economy.
{"title":"llness pattern and the relationship between the prevalence of malaria and other infections in Niger Delta University","authors":"C. Madukosiri, D. Bawo","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.413.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.413.426","url":null,"abstract":"The illness pattern and the relationship between malaria and other infections were examined in the present work – a base-line information prior to a meaningful healthcare policy formulation. A period of 5years (2007 – 2011) illness pattern was retrospectively obtained from the University Medical Centre, while questionnaires addressing the various health-related activities were administered to 500 volunteer subjects - students and staff of the institution. Biochemical parameters in the various disease conditions were determined using standard tests, while the means of frequencies of disease occurrence were compared using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Results of mean comparison showed that the mean of frequencies of malaria infection was significantly increasing (p 0.05). Malaria infection was the most prevalent illness with the highest frequency occurring around the month of April, accounting for 63.83 – 67.10% of the illnesses compared. This was followed by upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), peptic ulcer, and candidiasis, in that order. The relationship between the illness types showed that a positive correlation existed between malaria and typhoid, and malaria and URTI, (p<0.05). From the results of questionnaire analysis, 70.89% of the male students’ group admitted having a frequency of one to twelve attacks of malaria infection per annum with 43.67% of them who claimed to have suffered previous typhoid infections. As a result, 25.32% were absent from lectures for a period of 1- 30 days per annum. These results showed that malaria infection was on the increase and apart from the likelihood of impacting negatively on students’ performance, could represent a huge source of financial drain on a developing economy.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87163445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-01DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.391.399
V. Asaolu, S. Odeyinka
Four myccorhizal fungi strains {Glomus facultative, Glomus mossae, Glomus agregatum and Glomus intraradices } and goat manure were assessed as options to NPK fertilization on fodder production by Moringa oleifera over a 60-day growing period in a randomized complete design. Germination percentages, average plant heights, canopy formation, biomass yields and fodder:stem ratios were monitored. Experimental soil samples' and resulting moringa fodders' contents of N, P and Ca were assessed. No fertilization (P>0.05) effects were observed on germination percentage and plant height at germination. The myccorhizal fungi (except Glomus facultative), NPK and goat manure produced comparable moringa biomass yields, with each treatment producing above 4 tons DM/ha. Fertilization effects (P<0.05) were however observed on plant height at harvest, final canopy formation and the resulting fodder:stem ratios. No significant (P>0.05) effects were observed on the mineral contents of the moringa fodders, while a significant (P<0.05) depletion in available soil P was observed. Two of the investigated mycorrhizal fungi; Glomus agregatum and Glomus mossae, and goat manure applications could be practical alternatives to chemical fertilization in the cultivation of Moringa oleifera for fodder production, with goat manure having the edge in terms of relative availability, cost and nutrient recycling.
{"title":"The effects of four strains of mycorrhizal fungi and goat manure on fodder production by Moringa oleifera under rain-fed conditions in the Gambia","authors":"V. Asaolu, S. Odeyinka","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.391.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.10.391.399","url":null,"abstract":"Four myccorhizal fungi strains {Glomus facultative, Glomus mossae, Glomus agregatum and Glomus intraradices } and goat manure were assessed as options to NPK fertilization on fodder production by Moringa oleifera over a 60-day growing period in a randomized complete design. Germination percentages, average plant heights, canopy formation, biomass yields and fodder:stem ratios were monitored. Experimental soil samples' and resulting moringa fodders' contents of N, P and Ca were assessed. No fertilization (P>0.05) effects were observed on germination percentage and plant height at germination. The myccorhizal fungi (except Glomus facultative), NPK and goat manure produced comparable moringa biomass yields, with each treatment producing above 4 tons DM/ha. Fertilization effects (P<0.05) were however observed on plant height at harvest, final canopy formation and the resulting fodder:stem ratios. No significant (P>0.05) effects were observed on the mineral contents of the moringa fodders, while a significant (P<0.05) depletion in available soil P was observed. Two of the investigated mycorrhizal fungi; Glomus agregatum and Glomus mossae, and goat manure applications could be practical alternatives to chemical fertilization in the cultivation of Moringa oleifera for fodder production, with goat manure having the edge in terms of relative availability, cost and nutrient recycling.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83077146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-01DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.9.354.359
A. Agbolosu, G. Teye
An eleven-week experiment to compare the performance of 45 weeks old local layer guinea fowls from Upper East (UER), Upper West (UWR) and Northern (NR) regions of Ghana was conducted at the Animal Science Department farm of the University for Development Studies, Tamale. 243 birds, 86 from UER, 79 from UWR and 78 from NR were used. Birds from each region were divided into four groups and put into four cages each. The diet was made up of 25% layer concentrate, 55% maize and 20% wheat bran. Water was provided ad libitum. Parameters measured were feed intake (FI), body weight, and weight gain, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), mortality, rate of egg laying and fertility. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in FI and FCE of birds from the three regions. UWR birds were more efficient in feed conversion than birds from UER and NR. Mortality was generally low. Birds from UWR laid more eggs (631) while UER birds recorded the lowest (352 eggs). Egg fertility was high (74%) with NR birds but low in UER (53.6%) and UWR birds (43%). UWR birds exhibited high potential for egg production and FCE than those from the UER and NR. NR birds performed fairly well in egg production and body weight gain. UER birds laid fewer eggs though they had large body size indicating they possess meat production tendencies.
{"title":"Comparative study of growth and laying performance of indigenous layer guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) from Upper East, Upper West and Northern Regions of Ghana","authors":"A. Agbolosu, G. Teye","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.9.354.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.9.354.359","url":null,"abstract":"An eleven-week experiment to compare the performance of 45 weeks old local layer guinea fowls from Upper East (UER), Upper West (UWR) and Northern (NR) regions of Ghana was conducted at the Animal Science Department farm of the University for Development Studies, Tamale. 243 birds, 86 from UER, 79 from UWR and 78 from NR were used. Birds from each region were divided into four groups and put into four cages each. The diet was made up of 25% layer concentrate, 55% maize and 20% wheat bran. Water was provided ad libitum. Parameters measured were feed intake (FI), body weight, and weight gain, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), mortality, rate of egg laying and fertility. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in FI and FCE of birds from the three regions. UWR birds were more efficient in feed conversion than birds from UER and NR. Mortality was generally low. Birds from UWR laid more eggs (631) while UER birds recorded the lowest (352 eggs). Egg fertility was high (74%) with NR birds but low in UER (53.6%) and UWR birds (43%). UWR birds exhibited high potential for egg production and FCE than those from the UER and NR. NR birds performed fairly well in egg production and body weight gain. UER birds laid fewer eggs though they had large body size indicating they possess meat production tendencies.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83389936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-01DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.9.345.353
A. Donye, A. Ani
This paper examines the risks and uncertainties in food production and their implications for extension work in Nigeria. It also discusses some of the factors constituting uncertainties that limit agricultural production and productivity. These factors include, inter alia, land, labour, farm implements and inputs, market systems and government policies. On the other hand, weather risks, biological risks, technical risks and economic and social risks were discussed as other circumstances which greatly reduce the values of agricultural produce and products in terms of quality and quantity. Some risk mitigation and coping strategies which were noted as important ways of reducing crop losses include wiping out the sources of infection, use of disease-resistant plants for crop production and seed propagation, practicing good crop rotation and plant association, use of chemical products and growing crops in mixture. Some of the implications noted for extension work require that extension workers should move beyond simply providing farmers with information on food production and standardized technological packages. They should also provide advice and guidance that facilitate communication and coordination among many different stakeholders in natural resource management and market supply chains. Agricultural extension workers should be able to assist farmers in developing a range of agricultural production options. Extension workers and government should strengthen the existing village-level marketing options. They should analyze the marketing seasons, interact with the people involved in marketing and the provision of transportation facilities and thus, advise farmers accordingly. The recommendations made include, among others, the need for the Government of Nigeria to create and maintain the infrastructure required for agricultural development, ensure that research and extension services, input supply and credit arrangements, marketing structures and price system as well as communication and transport networks are all properly put in place.
{"title":"Risks and uncertainties in food production and their implications for extension work in Nigeria","authors":"A. Donye, A. Ani","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.9.345.353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.9.345.353","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the risks and uncertainties in food production and their implications for extension work in Nigeria. It also discusses some of the factors constituting uncertainties that limit agricultural production and productivity. These factors include, inter alia, land, labour, farm implements and inputs, market systems and government policies. On the other hand, weather risks, biological risks, technical risks and economic and social risks were discussed as other circumstances which greatly reduce the values of agricultural produce and products in terms of quality and quantity. Some risk mitigation and coping strategies which were noted as important ways of reducing crop losses include wiping out the sources of infection, use of disease-resistant plants for crop production and seed propagation, practicing good crop rotation and plant association, use of chemical products and growing crops in mixture. Some of the implications noted for extension work require that extension workers should move beyond simply providing farmers with information on food production and standardized technological packages. They should also provide advice and guidance that facilitate communication and coordination among many different stakeholders in natural resource management and market supply chains. Agricultural extension workers should be able to assist farmers in developing a range of agricultural production options. Extension workers and government should strengthen the existing village-level marketing options. They should analyze the marketing seasons, interact with the people involved in marketing and the provision of transportation facilities and thus, advise farmers accordingly. The recommendations made include, among others, the need for the Government of Nigeria to create and maintain the infrastructure required for agricultural development, ensure that research and extension services, input supply and credit arrangements, marketing structures and price system as well as communication and transport networks are all properly put in place.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89198212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-01DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.9.340.344
H. El-Shafie, B. Abdelraheem
Two field experiments were conducted at two different locations in Khartoum State, Sudan during the cropping season 2007/2008 to evaluate the efficacy of three biopesticides on the major insects of tomato, (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Treatments applied were NeemAzal ® -T/S (2L/ha), XenTari ® (1kg/ha), Spinosad ® (2L/ha). Sumicidin ® 20% EC was applied at a rate of 0.7L/ha for comparison. Major insect pests studied were whitefly, Bemisia tabaci; aphids, Aphis gossypii and African bollworm (ABW), Helicoverpa armigera. All treatments significantly reduced the populations of the test insect pests. NeemAzal proved to be nearly as effective as Sumicidin. Higher numbers of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) were found in biopesticidestreated and control plots compared with fewer numbers in Sumicidintreated plots. The per cent increase in yield was 32%, 31.2%, 25.3% and 20% in plots treated with NeemAzal, Sumicidin, Xen Tari and Spionsad respectively.
{"title":"Field evaluation of three biopesticides for integrated management of major pests of tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. in Sudan","authors":"H. El-Shafie, B. Abdelraheem","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.9.340.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.9.340.344","url":null,"abstract":"Two field experiments were conducted at two different locations in Khartoum State, Sudan during the cropping season 2007/2008 to evaluate the efficacy of three biopesticides on the major insects of tomato, (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Treatments applied were NeemAzal ® -T/S (2L/ha), XenTari ® (1kg/ha), Spinosad ® (2L/ha). Sumicidin ® 20% EC was applied at a rate of 0.7L/ha for comparison. Major insect pests studied were whitefly, Bemisia tabaci; aphids, Aphis gossypii and African bollworm (ABW), Helicoverpa armigera. All treatments significantly reduced the populations of the test insect pests. NeemAzal proved to be nearly as effective as Sumicidin. Higher numbers of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) were found in biopesticidestreated and control plots compared with fewer numbers in Sumicidintreated plots. The per cent increase in yield was 32%, 31.2%, 25.3% and 20% in plots treated with NeemAzal, Sumicidin, Xen Tari and Spionsad respectively.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76523955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-01DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.9.360.364
N. Odu, H. Njoku
{"title":"Microbiological quality of smoke-dried mangrove oysters (Crassostrea gasar) sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"N. Odu, H. Njoku","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.9.360.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.9.360.364","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86048264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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