Rico Raimundo Artur Constantino, Domingos Moiana Leonel, Pedro Maleia Manuel, Valentini Giseli, Davane Sumbuleiro Arminda, Armando Marcos Marcos
{"title":"Evaluation of the grain yield performance of 5 soybean genotypes in Mozambique using the GGE Biplot method","authors":"Rico Raimundo Artur Constantino, Domingos Moiana Leonel, Pedro Maleia Manuel, Valentini Giseli, Davane Sumbuleiro Arminda, Armando Marcos Marcos","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43729659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adeyinka Adekanmi Abideen, Taiwo Adekanmi Uthman, Sheriffdeen Adekanmi Adeniyi, Kola Ahmad Lawal, Olusegun Emmanuel Oluwadare
{"title":"Production and characterisation of chitosan from chitin of snail shells by sequential modification process","authors":"Adeyinka Adekanmi Abideen, Taiwo Adekanmi Uthman, Sheriffdeen Adekanmi Adeniyi, Kola Ahmad Lawal, Olusegun Emmanuel Oluwadare","doi":"10.5897/ajb2020.17135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2020.17135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43382819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In vitro anthelmintic activities of stem and root barks extracts of Parkia biglobosa on infective larvae and adult of Haemonchus contortus","authors":"J. Josiah, J. Adama, Z. Jiya, O. Abah, C. Imoisi","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17528","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46530490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmota Romain Daiba, M. Ngotho, J. Kagira, J. Kimotho, I. Adoum, N. Maina
The current study assessed the anticoccidial efficacy of chitosan nanoencapsulated bromelain (CNB) against coccidiosis in goats. Bromelain was extracted from the pineapple peels using standard methods while oral solution of CNB was prepared using standard manufacturing methods. The in vivo study was done on fifteen healthy male goats naturally infected with coccidia. The goats were divided into three groups consisting of three treatment groups (90 and 270 mg/Kg CNB, Diclazuril, 5 mg/Kg). The drugs were administered orally for 3 days. Fecal Oocyst Counts (FOC) determined using the modified McMaster technique. The goats were observed for clinical signs on daily basis while body weight was recorded weekly. The level of packed cell volume (PCV), aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), urea, and creatinine were assessed weekly. At the end of the study, goats were euthanized and gross pathology and histopathology conducted. The results showed that at day 28 post-treatment there was a significantly reduction of FOC of 98.42 and 82.30% for Diclazuril and 270 mg/Kg treatment groups, respectively. The reduction of FOC percentage was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) in Diclazuril group than that in 270 mg/Kg. During the monitoring period, there was no mortality or clinical signs observed in the goats. The PCV, AST, ALT, creatinine and urea were in normal ranges for goats. There were no pathological lesions on the goat organs. In conclusion, CNB had high anticoccidial efficacy and was safe for use in goats. Strategies to improve the efficacy of this potential drug should be further investigated.
{"title":"Assessment of anticoccidial efficacy of chitosan nanoencapsulated bromelain against coccidia in naturally infected goats in Kenya","authors":"Ahmota Romain Daiba, M. Ngotho, J. Kagira, J. Kimotho, I. Adoum, N. Maina","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17540","url":null,"abstract":"The current study assessed the anticoccidial efficacy of chitosan nanoencapsulated bromelain (CNB) against coccidiosis in goats. Bromelain was extracted from the pineapple peels using standard methods while oral solution of CNB was prepared using standard manufacturing methods. The in vivo study was done on fifteen healthy male goats naturally infected with coccidia. The goats were divided into three groups consisting of three treatment groups (90 and 270 mg/Kg CNB, Diclazuril, 5 mg/Kg). The drugs were administered orally for 3 days. Fecal Oocyst Counts (FOC) determined using the modified McMaster technique. The goats were observed for clinical signs on daily basis while body weight was recorded weekly. The level of packed cell volume (PCV), aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), urea, and creatinine were assessed weekly. At the end of the study, goats were euthanized and gross pathology and histopathology conducted. The results showed that at day 28 post-treatment there was a significantly reduction of FOC of 98.42 and 82.30% for Diclazuril and 270 mg/Kg treatment groups, respectively. The reduction of FOC percentage was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) in Diclazuril group than that in 270 mg/Kg. During the monitoring period, there was no mortality or clinical signs observed in the goats. The PCV, AST, ALT, creatinine and urea were in normal ranges for goats. There were no pathological lesions on the goat organs. In conclusion, CNB had high anticoccidial efficacy and was safe for use in goats. Strategies to improve the efficacy of this potential drug should be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47243725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abudu Ballu Duwiejuah, A. Abubakari, A. Quainoo, Y. Amadu, Abdul-Aziz Bawa
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{"title":"Adsorption of lead, cadmium, and mercury ions in aqueous solution using groundnut and sheanut shells biochars","authors":"Abudu Ballu Duwiejuah, A. Abubakari, A. Quainoo, Y. Amadu, Abdul-Aziz Bawa","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17479","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44299936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ngonkeu, A. Damdjo, A. Mongoue, H. Tekeu, Arlette Foko, Patrick Tsimi, Charly E. Mam, Jude D. Manga, P. Effa, P. Djocgoue, Willem C. Bote
.
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{"title":"Molecular and physiological characterization of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding lines for fungal diseases tolerance","authors":"E. Ngonkeu, A. Damdjo, A. Mongoue, H. Tekeu, Arlette Foko, Patrick Tsimi, Charly E. Mam, Jude D. Manga, P. Effa, P. Djocgoue, Willem C. Bote","doi":"10.5897/ajb2019.16863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2019.16863","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41538343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Fashogbon, B. Popoola, S. Aforijiku, Ayomide Ezekiel Oyekanmi, Osaze Ruth Uloko, A. Olanbiwoninu
This research work aimed at screening for different microorganisms associated with Irvingia gabonensis var. gabonesis Kernels, its nutritional value and detection of aflatoxins from some of the infested I. gabonensis Kernels sold in Oyo town. A total of 30 different I. gabonensis var. gabonesis Kernels were randomly purchased from six different points in the five major markets in Oyo town and isolation was done on Nutrient agar (NA), McConkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue Agar (EMB) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) using pour plate method. The isolates were culturally, morphologically and biochemically characterized. The mineral, proximate and aflatoxin detection of the I. gabonensis Kernels with high microbial load and growth of Aspergillus flavus was carried out using standard methods. A total of 25 bacteria and 18 fungal were isolated which include Bacillus spp ., Staphylococcus spp., Aspergillus spp ., Penicillium spp., and yeast. Irvingia gabonensis seeds with growth of A. flavus (OOW1) had the least mineral composition with 5.4% sodium, 20.0 mg/kg vitamin C, 29.4 mg/kg calcium, 0.9 mg/100g iron, 34.4 mg/100 g magnesium and 0.02 mg/100 g zinc. The I. gabonensis Kernels with the growth of A. flavus (OOW1) had the least mineral composition with 5.5% moisture content, 4.2% crude protein, 45.7% crude fat, 9.1% crude fibre and 1.5% total ash. The I. gabonensis Kernels with the growth of A. flavus (OOW4, OOJ6 and OOW1) had aflatoxin level of 3.47, 3.69 and 5.10 ppb, respectively. Irvingia gabonensis seed with high microbial load and growth of A. flavus had low nutritional value making them unsafe for consumption.
{"title":"Microbial analysis and detection of Aflatoxin from Irvingia gabonensis kernels sold in Oyo Town, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"R. Fashogbon, B. Popoola, S. Aforijiku, Ayomide Ezekiel Oyekanmi, Osaze Ruth Uloko, A. Olanbiwoninu","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17469","url":null,"abstract":"This research work aimed at screening for different microorganisms associated with Irvingia gabonensis var. gabonesis Kernels, its nutritional value and detection of aflatoxins from some of the infested I. gabonensis Kernels sold in Oyo town. A total of 30 different I. gabonensis var. gabonesis Kernels were randomly purchased from six different points in the five major markets in Oyo town and isolation was done on Nutrient agar (NA), McConkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue Agar (EMB) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) using pour plate method. The isolates were culturally, morphologically and biochemically characterized. The mineral, proximate and aflatoxin detection of the I. gabonensis Kernels with high microbial load and growth of Aspergillus flavus was carried out using standard methods. A total of 25 bacteria and 18 fungal were isolated which include Bacillus spp ., Staphylococcus spp., Aspergillus spp ., Penicillium spp., and yeast. Irvingia gabonensis seeds with growth of A. flavus (OOW1) had the least mineral composition with 5.4% sodium, 20.0 mg/kg vitamin C, 29.4 mg/kg calcium, 0.9 mg/100g iron, 34.4 mg/100 g magnesium and 0.02 mg/100 g zinc. The I. gabonensis Kernels with the growth of A. flavus (OOW1) had the least mineral composition with 5.5% moisture content, 4.2% crude protein, 45.7% crude fat, 9.1% crude fibre and 1.5% total ash. The I. gabonensis Kernels with the growth of A. flavus (OOW4, OOJ6 and OOW1) had aflatoxin level of 3.47, 3.69 and 5.10 ppb, respectively. Irvingia gabonensis seed with high microbial load and growth of A. flavus had low nutritional value making them unsafe for consumption.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44140457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ilesanmi, Omowumi Funke Adedugbe, D. A. Oyegoke
Tyrosinase catalyzes formation of browning in plants, foods and vegetables. Sweet potato ( Ipomea batatas ) undergoes browning after harvesting or during post-harvest operations leading to spoilage and loss of economic value. The physico-chemical properties of purified tyrosinase from I. batatas are here described with a view to providing information on the suitability or otherwise of the enzyme for several industrial and biotechnological processes. The enzyme was purified using new approach resulting into final yield and purification fold of 76% and 7.1, respectively. The molecular weight (native) was 48.3 ± 2.5 kDa as estimated on Sephadex G-100. Highest tyrosinase activity was obtained at pH 6.5 while that of temperature was 50 C. Kinetic parameters studies resulted to 2.5 ± 1.2 mM and 451 ± 23.7 units/mg for Michaelis constant ( K m ) and maximum velocity (V max ), respectively. This led to catalytic efficiency, k cat / K m of 1.45 × 10 5 s -1 M -1 . It was concluded that, tyrosinase from I. batatas possesses remarkable properties that could be exploited for biotechnological processes.
{"title":"Some physicochemical properties of tyrosinase from sweet potato (Ipomea batatas)","authors":"O. Ilesanmi, Omowumi Funke Adedugbe, D. A. Oyegoke","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17524","url":null,"abstract":"Tyrosinase catalyzes formation of browning in plants, foods and vegetables. Sweet potato ( Ipomea batatas ) undergoes browning after harvesting or during post-harvest operations leading to spoilage and loss of economic value. The physico-chemical properties of purified tyrosinase from I. batatas are here described with a view to providing information on the suitability or otherwise of the enzyme for several industrial and biotechnological processes. The enzyme was purified using new approach resulting into final yield and purification fold of 76% and 7.1, respectively. The molecular weight (native) was 48.3 ± 2.5 kDa as estimated on Sephadex G-100. Highest tyrosinase activity was obtained at pH 6.5 while that of temperature was 50 C. Kinetic parameters studies resulted to 2.5 ± 1.2 mM and 451 ± 23.7 units/mg for Michaelis constant ( K m ) and maximum velocity (V max ), respectively. This led to catalytic efficiency, k cat / K m of 1.45 × 10 5 s -1 M -1 . It was concluded that, tyrosinase from I. batatas possesses remarkable properties that could be exploited for biotechnological processes.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47921989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Namkona, X. Worowounga, Madongo M. Issa, O. Semboli, F. Moustapha, G. K. M’beli
{"title":"Evaluation of Fagara zanthoxylodes and Mucuna pruriens extracts phenolic profile and their in vitro antioxidant activity","authors":"A. Namkona, X. Worowounga, Madongo M. Issa, O. Semboli, F. Moustapha, G. K. M’beli","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41605879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the research was to investigate the antibacterial activities and the phytochemical properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Mango ( Mangifera indica) and Neem ( Azadirachta indica ) leaves, on clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi , Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C, in Lafia, Nigeria. The agar well diffusion technique was used and the analyses were done in triplicates. At the highest aqueous and ethanolic extract concentration of 80 mg/ml, S. typhi, showed inhibition zones of 29.4±0.1mm and 30.0±0.01 mm respectively, while S. paratyphi A, B and C, exhibited inhibition zones of 14.4±0.2, 21.2±0.4, 13.4±0.1 mm and 18.0±0.03, 20.0±0.04, 21.0±0.04 mm, respectively. At aqueous and ethanolic lower extract concentration of 10 mg/ml, S. typhi, exhibited inhibition zones of 8.4±0.01 and 9.0±0.1 mm, respectively, while S. paratyphi A, B and C, showed inhibition zones of 9.5±0.01, 9.1±0.01, 6.2±0.01 mm and 9.0±0.01, 9.0±0.01, 9.0±0.01 mm, respectively of Neem leaf extract. The MIC and MBC, of aqueous and ethanolic extracts against organisms were 2.5 and 5.0 mg/ml, respectively. The qualitative phytochemical results showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. Conclusively, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the studied medicinal plant exhibited bactericidal activities against all tested organisms, and this supports the claim by traditional medical practitioners and vendors of the use of the plants for the cure of typhoid fever. Further studies are recommended on the toxicity and safe dosage regimen of the plants since the infusion of the plant is taken orally by people for cure of typhoid fever.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activities of selected Medicinal Plants Against Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C, Clinical Isolates in North Central, Nigeria.","authors":"O. O. Stanislaus, M. B. Etsuyankpa, O. Tanko","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17363","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to investigate the antibacterial activities and the phytochemical properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Mango ( Mangifera indica) and Neem ( Azadirachta indica ) leaves, on clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi , Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C, in Lafia, Nigeria. The agar well diffusion technique was used and the analyses were done in triplicates. At the highest aqueous and ethanolic extract concentration of 80 mg/ml, S. typhi, showed inhibition zones of 29.4±0.1mm and 30.0±0.01 mm respectively, while S. paratyphi A, B and C, exhibited inhibition zones of 14.4±0.2, 21.2±0.4, 13.4±0.1 mm and 18.0±0.03, 20.0±0.04, 21.0±0.04 mm, respectively. At aqueous and ethanolic lower extract concentration of 10 mg/ml, S. typhi, exhibited inhibition zones of 8.4±0.01 and 9.0±0.1 mm, respectively, while S. paratyphi A, B and C, showed inhibition zones of 9.5±0.01, 9.1±0.01, 6.2±0.01 mm and 9.0±0.01, 9.0±0.01, 9.0±0.01 mm, respectively of Neem leaf extract. The MIC and MBC, of aqueous and ethanolic extracts against organisms were 2.5 and 5.0 mg/ml, respectively. The qualitative phytochemical results showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. Conclusively, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the studied medicinal plant exhibited bactericidal activities against all tested organisms, and this supports the claim by traditional medical practitioners and vendors of the use of the plants for the cure of typhoid fever. Further studies are recommended on the toxicity and safe dosage regimen of the plants since the infusion of the plant is taken orally by people for cure of typhoid fever.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47844906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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