Cordycepin is one of the most important bioactive compounds; the low productivity and long production cycle of cordycepin are barriers to its commercialization . The optimal media for cordycepin production by Cordyceps militaris BCC 2819 and Cordyceps cicadae BCC 19788, which are potent cordycepin - producing - fungal strains, were determined through statistical experiments . Six nutrients including glucose, adenine, glycine, alanine, casein hydrolysate and vitamin solution were found to influence the cordycepin production by C . militaris BCC 2819, while the same factors were found for the cordycepin production by C . cicadae BCC 19788 except glucose that was replaced by ammonium sulfate . The highest cordycepin production of 1,176 . 69 ± 263 . 33 mg / L was obtained by C . militaris BCC 2819 using the central composite design . The highest cordycepin production of 4,259 . 63 ± 224 . 20 mg / L was obtained by C . cicadae BCC 19788 using the central composite design . Cordycepin production in 5 L fed - batch fermentation by C . militaris BCC 2819 and C . cicadae BCC 19788 using optimized medium reached maximum production levels of 3,112 . 50 and 3,587 . 10 mg / L, respectively, accounted for more than 1 . 2 - fold compared to those in batch fermentation . Furthermore, the highest levels of the bioactive compounds; exopolysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol produced by C . militaris BCC 2819 were 43 . 90 ± 2 . 51 g / L, 2,897 . 40 ± 382 . 47 mg / L and 5,981 . 10 ± 254 . 72 mg / L, respectively . The highest levels of the bioactive compounds; exopolysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol produced by C . cicadae BCC 19788 were 38 . 10 ± 2 . 84 g / L, 3,78520 ± 165 . 70 mg / L and 6,100 . 20 ± 191 . 14 mg / L, respectively . These results demonstrated the new isolates produced high amounts of bioactive compounds, especially cordycepin . Interestingly, this process can be applied for cordycepin production for future applications or scale - up studies .
{"title":"Cordycepin production by the potential fungal strains Cordyceps militaris BCC 2819 and Cordyceps cicadae BCC 19788 in submerged culture during batch and Fed-batch fermentation","authors":"Werapan Borworn, Nutaratat Pumin, Ariyaphuttarat Siriporn, Prathumpai Wai","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17514","url":null,"abstract":"Cordycepin is one of the most important bioactive compounds; the low productivity and long production cycle of cordycepin are barriers to its commercialization . The optimal media for cordycepin production by Cordyceps militaris BCC 2819 and Cordyceps cicadae BCC 19788, which are potent cordycepin - producing - fungal strains, were determined through statistical experiments . Six nutrients including glucose, adenine, glycine, alanine, casein hydrolysate and vitamin solution were found to influence the cordycepin production by C . militaris BCC 2819, while the same factors were found for the cordycepin production by C . cicadae BCC 19788 except glucose that was replaced by ammonium sulfate . The highest cordycepin production of 1,176 . 69 ± 263 . 33 mg / L was obtained by C . militaris BCC 2819 using the central composite design . The highest cordycepin production of 4,259 . 63 ± 224 . 20 mg / L was obtained by C . cicadae BCC 19788 using the central composite design . Cordycepin production in 5 L fed - batch fermentation by C . militaris BCC 2819 and C . cicadae BCC 19788 using optimized medium reached maximum production levels of 3,112 . 50 and 3,587 . 10 mg / L, respectively, accounted for more than 1 . 2 - fold compared to those in batch fermentation . Furthermore, the highest levels of the bioactive compounds; exopolysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol produced by C . militaris BCC 2819 were 43 . 90 ± 2 . 51 g / L, 2,897 . 40 ± 382 . 47 mg / L and 5,981 . 10 ± 254 . 72 mg / L, respectively . The highest levels of the bioactive compounds; exopolysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol produced by C . cicadae BCC 19788 were 38 . 10 ± 2 . 84 g / L, 3,78520 ± 165 . 70 mg / L and 6,100 . 20 ± 191 . 14 mg / L, respectively . These results demonstrated the new isolates produced high amounts of bioactive compounds, especially cordycepin . Interestingly, this process can be applied for cordycepin production for future applications or scale - up studies .","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49105324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia, E. Dibildox‐Alvarado, R. Soria-Guerra
The objective of this work was to analyze the growth of Scenedesmus acutus , Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella vulgaris at different temperatures (25, 30 and 38°C) in order to identify changes in lipid content, accumulation of neutral lipids and fatty acids profile. According to the results obtained, the temperature of 30°C does not affect the growth of the microalgae S. acutus , N. oculata and C. vulgaris ; however, there is a greater amount of total lipids in S. acutus at 38°C, while for N. oculata and C. vulgaris , temperature variation does not affect the accumulation of total lipids. From the data obtained from the fatty acid profile, we observed a greater accumulation of palmitic acid followed by oleic acid. According to the cetane number, any temperature condition of any evaluated microalgae culture can be used for biodiesel production. The results suggest that a change in temperature during the growth of microalgae could be applied to enhance lipid production and to obtain fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production. The analysis was made in duplicate and the mean and standard deviation were reported. An analysis of variance (ANOVA, p < 0.05), using Fisher's test, was made to detect differences between the fatty acids obtained by the different strains.
{"title":"Effect of temperature on lipid accumulation in three green microalgae species","authors":"Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia, E. Dibildox‐Alvarado, R. Soria-Guerra","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17518","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to analyze the growth of Scenedesmus acutus , Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella vulgaris at different temperatures (25, 30 and 38°C) in order to identify changes in lipid content, accumulation of neutral lipids and fatty acids profile. According to the results obtained, the temperature of 30°C does not affect the growth of the microalgae S. acutus , N. oculata and C. vulgaris ; however, there is a greater amount of total lipids in S. acutus at 38°C, while for N. oculata and C. vulgaris , temperature variation does not affect the accumulation of total lipids. From the data obtained from the fatty acid profile, we observed a greater accumulation of palmitic acid followed by oleic acid. According to the cetane number, any temperature condition of any evaluated microalgae culture can be used for biodiesel production. The results suggest that a change in temperature during the growth of microalgae could be applied to enhance lipid production and to obtain fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production. The analysis was made in duplicate and the mean and standard deviation were reported. An analysis of variance (ANOVA, p < 0.05), using Fisher's test, was made to detect differences between the fatty acids obtained by the different strains.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44079802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twenty-one Nigerian rice landraces were screened for tolerance to phosphate deficiency in nutrient medium using selected morphological indices from which Phosphate Deficiency Tolerance Index (PDTI) was evaluated. All landraces were analyzed for the presence of four phosphate uptake 1 ( Pup-1 ) gene-linked markers while relative expression levels of two Pup-1 genes were evaluated in selected landraces under zero, normal and excess phosphate. PDTI analysis grouped the landraces into negative, low positive or high positive PDTI categories depending on whether performance at zero P was better than normal P, comparable to normal P, or less than normal P, respectively. However, irrespective of PDTI grouping, each landrace had at least one Pup-1 gene marker. Under zero P, Phillipine landrace showed no superior expression of OsPupK05-1 and OsPupK04-1 genes despite belonging to negative PDTI group. Thus, PDTI-based characterization of the landraces was not completely consonant with the presence or expression levels of the Pup-1 genes, suggesting a possible influence of other P deficiency tolerant genes. However, with a combination of negative PDTI, superior performance in root and shoot traits under zero P, and possession of at least 3 Pup 1 genes, Dantala Mass , Ankulyan , and Variety 44 may be regarded as P tolerant landraces.
{"title":"Screening for phosphate deficiency tolerance and expression of phosphate uptake genes in Nigerian local rice landraces","authors":"Ewona Ekeme, Nkachukwu Chukwurah Peter, Eyo Eyo-Ita Effiom, Otang Ntui Valentine, Opara Charles, Edna Apaa Shidoon, Ojong Vera, Aniedi Uyoh Edak","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17521","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-one Nigerian rice landraces were screened for tolerance to phosphate deficiency in nutrient medium using selected morphological indices from which Phosphate Deficiency Tolerance Index (PDTI) was evaluated. All landraces were analyzed for the presence of four phosphate uptake 1 ( Pup-1 ) gene-linked markers while relative expression levels of two Pup-1 genes were evaluated in selected landraces under zero, normal and excess phosphate. PDTI analysis grouped the landraces into negative, low positive or high positive PDTI categories depending on whether performance at zero P was better than normal P, comparable to normal P, or less than normal P, respectively. However, irrespective of PDTI grouping, each landrace had at least one Pup-1 gene marker. Under zero P, Phillipine landrace showed no superior expression of OsPupK05-1 and OsPupK04-1 genes despite belonging to negative PDTI group. Thus, PDTI-based characterization of the landraces was not completely consonant with the presence or expression levels of the Pup-1 genes, suggesting a possible influence of other P deficiency tolerant genes. However, with a combination of negative PDTI, superior performance in root and shoot traits under zero P, and possession of at least 3 Pup 1 genes, Dantala Mass , Ankulyan , and Variety 44 may be regarded as P tolerant landraces.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43852429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. M. Betoloum, A. Mbaiogaou, S. Mbaihougadobe, E. Talla, M. Ngassoum, Y. Mahmout
The study was carried out to produce a microcapsule powder of total flavonoids and total total phenols of methanol extract of the cashew, using a complex coacervation encapsulation method. In the search for optimal conditions for encapsulation, a three level factorial design was set up, while taking into account factors like time and proportions in Arabic gum and gelatin. The kinetic of encapsulation follows a kinetic of 2 nd order which gives polynomial equations of the second degree. The conditions found are respectively 45 min, 30% Arabic gum and 70% gelatin, for an encapsulation yield is 84.37%; the encapsulation rate is 77.9% for the total flavonoids and 76.5% for the total phenols. The powder obtained has a doubled concentration in total flavonoids and total phenols than the raw bark powder.
{"title":"Encapsulation by complex coacervation of total flavonoids and total phenols of methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardeaceae) obtained by microwave assisted extraction","authors":"S. M. Betoloum, A. Mbaiogaou, S. Mbaihougadobe, E. Talla, M. Ngassoum, Y. Mahmout","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17487","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to produce a microcapsule powder of total flavonoids and total total phenols of methanol extract of the cashew, using a complex coacervation encapsulation method. In the search for optimal conditions for encapsulation, a three level factorial design was set up, while taking into account factors like time and proportions in Arabic gum and gelatin. The kinetic of encapsulation follows a kinetic of 2 nd order which gives polynomial equations of the second degree. The conditions found are respectively 45 min, 30% Arabic gum and 70% gelatin, for an encapsulation yield is 84.37%; the encapsulation rate is 77.9% for the total flavonoids and 76.5% for the total phenols. The powder obtained has a doubled concentration in total flavonoids and total phenols than the raw bark powder.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47671961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bongani Z. Nkhabindze, Harrison Wanyika, D. Earnshaw, E. Ateka
{"title":"Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using crude leaf extracts of Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Carissa spinarum, Melia azedarach, Senna didymobotrya and Warburgia ugandensis, and their antifungal activity against Sporisorium scitamineum","authors":"Bongani Z. Nkhabindze, Harrison Wanyika, D. Earnshaw, E. Ateka","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17478","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44207766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted to determine fatty acid (FA) profiles in Chinese Maiwa yak milk across the lactation cycle. Sixty-one healthy, similar weight, 4-7 years old, 3-6 parity Maiwa yaks with unrelated background were selected randomly from Hongyuan County, Sichuan province, in southwest of China (with the altitude over 3500 m). The yaks graze on natural pasture all year around without irrigation, fertilizer, or other changes to the pasture. The samples for each animal were collected separately at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days postpartum for fatty acid composition analysis. The most abundant FA species in yak milk were C16:0, C18:1c9, C18:0 and C14:0, all of which varied significantly with the lactation periods. C10:0, C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 was positively correlated with each other, and negatively correlated with C18:0. C18:2t9c11 was negatively correlated with saturated FA (SFA). C18:1t11, iso-C15:0, C22:0 and C16:1c7 were located in the central positions of the correlation network. C18:1t11 showed close correlation with C18 unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) (C18:1t13 and C18:3n3), C16:0, C19:0, and anteiso-C17:0. Besides with each other, iso-C15:0 and C22:0 were associated with C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C19:0, C20:0, and C20:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C14:0, 9,10-hexyl-C17:0, respectively. C16:1c7 was closely associated with C13:0, C17 FA (C17:0 and 9, 10-hexyl-C17:0), C16:1c9, C20:5n3 and C20:4n6. In conclusion, these data will be informative for the study on the regulatory mechanism of milk FA formation in yaks.
{"title":"Fatty acid profiles in Chinese Maiwa yak milk across the lactation cycle","authors":"J. J. Xie, J. J. Zhu, R. Ran, M. Jiang","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17423","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to determine fatty acid (FA) profiles in Chinese Maiwa yak milk across the lactation cycle. Sixty-one healthy, similar weight, 4-7 years old, 3-6 parity Maiwa yaks with unrelated background were selected randomly from Hongyuan County, Sichuan province, in southwest of China (with the altitude over 3500 m). The yaks graze on natural pasture all year around without irrigation, fertilizer, or other changes to the pasture. The samples for each animal were collected separately at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days postpartum for fatty acid composition analysis. The most abundant FA species in yak milk were C16:0, C18:1c9, C18:0 and C14:0, all of which varied significantly with the lactation periods. C10:0, C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 was positively correlated with each other, and negatively correlated with C18:0. C18:2t9c11 was negatively correlated with saturated FA (SFA). C18:1t11, iso-C15:0, C22:0 and C16:1c7 were located in the central positions of the correlation network. C18:1t11 showed close correlation with C18 unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) (C18:1t13 and C18:3n3), C16:0, C19:0, and anteiso-C17:0. Besides with each other, iso-C15:0 and C22:0 were associated with C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C19:0, C20:0, and C20:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C14:0, 9,10-hexyl-C17:0, respectively. C16:1c7 was closely associated with C13:0, C17 FA (C17:0 and 9, 10-hexyl-C17:0), C16:1c9, C20:5n3 and C20:4n6. In conclusion, these data will be informative for the study on the regulatory mechanism of milk FA formation in yaks.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42971561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sirri Vera Nsoh, W. N. Tacham, Mercy Veyeh Ngwang, T. R. Kinge
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of substrates on the growth, yield, nutritional, and medicinal value of Pleurotus ostreatus supplemented with four medicinal plants. A completely randomized block design was laid out with 4 treatments replicated 4 times with and without medicinal plants. T1 (sawdust), T2 (sawdust + corncobs), T3 (palm cones), and T4 (elephant stalks) were the treatments used. Croton macrastarchus, Harungana madagascariensis, Tithonia diversifolia, and Rauwolfia vomitoria were the medicinal plants used . Nutritional and phytochemical analysis was carried out. Sawdust + corn cobs indicated the highest effect on growth as it had the highest mean height (19.5 ± 3.3 cm), diameter (29.0 ± 4.3 cm) and mean weight of individual fruiting bodies (175.8 ± 84.3 cm). Biological efficiency was highest in palm cones (77.1%), second by sawdust + corn cobs (61.1%), saw dust (53.0%) and elephant stalk (6.3%). The protein content was highest in sawdust + corn cobs (12.4 g), lipid concentration highest in sawdust only (1.51 g), total carbohydrate highest in palm cones (82.98 g), and total ash highest in sawdust only (7.32 g) per 100 g. The supplementation of sawdust + corn cobs with R. vomitoria had the highest phytochemical components.
{"title":"The effect of substrates on the growth, yield, nutritional and phytochemical components of Pleurotus ostreatus supplemented with four medicinal plants","authors":"Sirri Vera Nsoh, W. N. Tacham, Mercy Veyeh Ngwang, T. R. Kinge","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17466","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of substrates on the growth, yield, nutritional, and medicinal value of Pleurotus ostreatus supplemented with four medicinal plants. A completely randomized block design was laid out with 4 treatments replicated 4 times with and without medicinal plants. T1 (sawdust), T2 (sawdust + corncobs), T3 (palm cones), and T4 (elephant stalks) were the treatments used. Croton macrastarchus, Harungana madagascariensis, Tithonia diversifolia, and Rauwolfia vomitoria were the medicinal plants used . Nutritional and phytochemical analysis was carried out. Sawdust + corn cobs indicated the highest effect on growth as it had the highest mean height (19.5 ± 3.3 cm), diameter (29.0 ± 4.3 cm) and mean weight of individual fruiting bodies (175.8 ± 84.3 cm). Biological efficiency was highest in palm cones (77.1%), second by sawdust + corn cobs (61.1%), saw dust (53.0%) and elephant stalk (6.3%). The protein content was highest in sawdust + corn cobs (12.4 g), lipid concentration highest in sawdust only (1.51 g), total carbohydrate highest in palm cones (82.98 g), and total ash highest in sawdust only (7.32 g) per 100 g. The supplementation of sawdust + corn cobs with R. vomitoria had the highest phytochemical components.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41632886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Barry, N. Sawadogo, M. Ouédraogo, Tégawendé Alphonse Sawadogo, B. Kaboré, Sawa Camara, M. B. Barry, P. Bationo-Kando, M. Sawadogo
Rice is the staple food in the Republic of Guinea. However, its production is seriously hampered by iron toxicity. The fight against this stress necessarily involves the search for tolerant or resistant varieties. The study aims to determine quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with tolerance to iron toxicity and to identify genotypes tolerant or resistant to iron toxicity. Thus, 90 local rice accessions collected in two regions of Guinea with high iron toxicity were evaluated using 33,537 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Seventy of the SNP markers expressed a polymorphism rate of 100%. Diversity analysis of the entire collection with these markers revealed a total of 140 alleles, a moderate Nei genetic diversity of 0.426, a fairly high Shannon diversity index of 0.610 and an organization of the accessions into four genetic groups. The study also identified 12 potentially iron-tolerant accessions and five QTLs associated with iron-toxicity tolerance located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 11, and 12. The 12 genotypes identified could be exploited in the lowland rice breeding program.
{"title":"Assessment of genetic diversity of local rice accessions cultivated in Guinea revealed by SNPs markers, and identification of markers associated with tolerance to iron toxicity","authors":"M. Barry, N. Sawadogo, M. Ouédraogo, Tégawendé Alphonse Sawadogo, B. Kaboré, Sawa Camara, M. B. Barry, P. Bationo-Kando, M. Sawadogo","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17489","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the staple food in the Republic of Guinea. However, its production is seriously hampered by iron toxicity. The fight against this stress necessarily involves the search for tolerant or resistant varieties. The study aims to determine quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with tolerance to iron toxicity and to identify genotypes tolerant or resistant to iron toxicity. Thus, 90 local rice accessions collected in two regions of Guinea with high iron toxicity were evaluated using 33,537 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Seventy of the SNP markers expressed a polymorphism rate of 100%. Diversity analysis of the entire collection with these markers revealed a total of 140 alleles, a moderate Nei genetic diversity of 0.426, a fairly high Shannon diversity index of 0.610 and an organization of the accessions into four genetic groups. The study also identified 12 potentially iron-tolerant accessions and five QTLs associated with iron-toxicity tolerance located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 11, and 12. The 12 genotypes identified could be exploited in the lowland rice breeding program.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45617346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Uhunmwangho, O. Oyiborhoro, Olafusi Celestina Oluwaseun
Breast cancer is prevalent among women worldwide. African walnut ( Tetracarpidium conophorum ) seeds extract have been shown to have medicinal properties. This study is to determine the effects of feeding T. conophorum seeds lipid extract on 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) induced breast carcinogenesis and the expression of ethoxyresorufin- O -deethylase (CYP1A1), benzoxyresorufin- O -dealkylase (CYP1B1) and pentoxyresorufin- O -dealkylase (CYP2B1). The lipid was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with n -hexane. Forty-five female Wistar rats of 21 days old were used, which were randomly divided into three major groups of 15 animals each. Groups A and B were fed for 12 weeks with diet containing T. conophorum seeds lipid extract (10%), and group B animals were administered MC (200 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally after 4 weeks of feeding. Group C animals were fed for 12 weeks with diet containing no T. conophorum seeds lipid extract and administered MC (200 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally after 4 weeks of feeding. Results indicated that CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and CYP2B1 were significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced in Group B animals liver cells compared to group C with higher expression. Prolonged latency period, reduce tumor weight and size characterized group B animals compared to group C. Histopathology results showed normal morphology of the liver hepatocytes of animals in group B, while necrosis and steatosis were seen in group C. This study therefore showed that T. conophorum seeds lipid extract contains bioactive components that may oppose breast carcinogenesis induced by MC.
乳腺癌在世界各地的女性中普遍存在。非洲核桃(Tetracarpidium conophorum)种子提取物已被证明具有药用价值。本研究旨在研究饲喂松果籽脂质提取物对3-甲基胆蒽(MC)诱导的乳腺癌发生及乙氧基间苯二酚- O -脱烷基酶(CYP1A1)、苯并氧基间苯二酚- O -脱烷基酶(CYP1B1)和五氧基间苯二酚- O -脱烷基酶(CYP2B1)表达的影响。脂质提取采用索氏装置，正己烷萃取。选用21日龄Wistar雌性大鼠45只，随机分为三组，每组15只。A组和B组在饲粮中添加牛蒡子脂质提取物(10%)，饲喂12周，B组在饲喂4周后腹腔注射MC (200 mg/kg体重)。C组饲喂12周，饲粮中不含金针菇种子脂质提取物，饲喂4周后腹腔注射MC (200 mg/kg体重)。结果显示，与C组相比，B组动物肝细胞中CYP1A1、CYP1B1和CYP2B1的表达均显著降低(p < 0.05)，表达水平较高。与c组相比，B组动物潜伏期延长，肿瘤重量和大小减小。组织病理学结果显示，B组动物肝脏肝细胞形态正常，而c组动物出现坏死和脂肪变性。因此，本研究表明，麻花种子脂质提取物含有抗MC诱导乳腺癌的生物活性成分。
{"title":"Modulation of ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, benzoxyresorufin-o-dealkylase and pentoxyresorufin-o-dealkylase expression by African walnut seeds lipid extract in 3-methylcholanthrene induced breast cancer in Wistar rats","authors":"E. Uhunmwangho, O. Oyiborhoro, Olafusi Celestina Oluwaseun","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17480","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is prevalent among women worldwide. African walnut ( Tetracarpidium conophorum ) seeds extract have been shown to have medicinal properties. This study is to determine the effects of feeding T. conophorum seeds lipid extract on 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) induced breast carcinogenesis and the expression of ethoxyresorufin- O -deethylase (CYP1A1), benzoxyresorufin- O -dealkylase (CYP1B1) and pentoxyresorufin- O -dealkylase (CYP2B1). The lipid was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with n -hexane. Forty-five female Wistar rats of 21 days old were used, which were randomly divided into three major groups of 15 animals each. Groups A and B were fed for 12 weeks with diet containing T. conophorum seeds lipid extract (10%), and group B animals were administered MC (200 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally after 4 weeks of feeding. Group C animals were fed for 12 weeks with diet containing no T. conophorum seeds lipid extract and administered MC (200 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally after 4 weeks of feeding. Results indicated that CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and CYP2B1 were significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced in Group B animals liver cells compared to group C with higher expression. Prolonged latency period, reduce tumor weight and size characterized group B animals compared to group C. Histopathology results showed normal morphology of the liver hepatocytes of animals in group B, while necrosis and steatosis were seen in group C. This study therefore showed that T. conophorum seeds lipid extract contains bioactive components that may oppose breast carcinogenesis induced by MC.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47107381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytochrome belongs to red/far-red light family of photoreceptors. It exists in two spectral forms named red light absorbing form (Pr), said to be the inactive form and far-red light absorbing form (Pfr) which is the active form. This photoreceptor is structurally divided into two modules- the amino acid (N-) terminal photosensory module and caboxylic acid (C-) terminal His kinase-like catalytic output module. Five different types exist in Arabidopsis (PhyA-E). Roots and hypocotyls elongation in Arabidopsis is regulated by photoreceptors one class of which is phytochrome. The role of phytochrome B (PhyB) in red light responses has been established through studies using PhyB mutant and truncated versions. N-terminal module of PhyB containing 651 amino acids was shown to be biologically active in regulating photomorphogenesis. Meanwhile, the C-terminal module was long assumed to be involved in downstream signal transduction. Recently, this module was suggested to play a role in integrating red and blue light signaling to circadian clock. Here, the study shows that the C-terminal module of PhyB is needed for root growth and strongly modulates the root to hypocotyl ratio at 22°C. At an elevated temperature (34°C), this ratio was altered suggesting a role of this module in temperature signaling during plant growth.
{"title":"The role of N-terminal module of PhyB in modulating root and hypocotyl growth length in Arabidopsis","authors":"Ibrahim Njimona, F. Baluška","doi":"10.5897/ajb2020.17170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2020.17170","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochrome belongs to red/far-red light family of photoreceptors. It exists in two spectral forms named red light absorbing form (Pr), said to be the inactive form and far-red light absorbing form (Pfr) which is the active form. This photoreceptor is structurally divided into two modules- the amino acid (N-) terminal photosensory module and caboxylic acid (C-) terminal His kinase-like catalytic output module. Five different types exist in Arabidopsis (PhyA-E). Roots and hypocotyls elongation in Arabidopsis is regulated by photoreceptors one class of which is phytochrome. The role of phytochrome B (PhyB) in red light responses has been established through studies using PhyB mutant and truncated versions. N-terminal module of PhyB containing 651 amino acids was shown to be biologically active in regulating photomorphogenesis. Meanwhile, the C-terminal module was long assumed to be involved in downstream signal transduction. Recently, this module was suggested to play a role in integrating red and blue light signaling to circadian clock. Here, the study shows that the C-terminal module of PhyB is needed for root growth and strongly modulates the root to hypocotyl ratio at 22°C. At an elevated temperature (34°C), this ratio was altered suggesting a role of this module in temperature signaling during plant growth.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47782674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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