From healthy mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves, 45 endophytic bacteria strains were isolated. Antagonistic bacterium strain FS17 was screened with the confront culture method, and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphological characteristic and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Growth rate method was used to determine that the fermentation broth of FS17 had inhibitory effect on 10 plant pathogenic fungi, and the inhibition rate ranged from 46.83 to 93.25%. The fermentation broth of strain FS17 with lower disease incidence and lesion diameter had better control effects with no significant difference compared with that of carbendazim. This study suggests that strain FS17 showed strong inhibition effect and wide antagonistic spectrum, and could be useful to effectively control Cylindrocarpon destructans causing ginseng root rot.
{"title":"Identification of antagonistic bacterium strain and biocontrol effects on ginseng root rot disease","authors":"Chunyuan Zhou, Piao Chengci, Zhang Hao","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17506","url":null,"abstract":"From healthy mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves, 45 endophytic bacteria strains were isolated. Antagonistic bacterium strain FS17 was screened with the confront culture method, and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphological characteristic and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Growth rate method was used to determine that the fermentation broth of FS17 had inhibitory effect on 10 plant pathogenic fungi, and the inhibition rate ranged from 46.83 to 93.25%. The fermentation broth of strain FS17 with lower disease incidence and lesion diameter had better control effects with no significant difference compared with that of carbendazim. This study suggests that strain FS17 showed strong inhibition effect and wide antagonistic spectrum, and could be useful to effectively control Cylindrocarpon destructans causing ginseng root rot.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"54 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sene Godar, Top Nibourou, Cissoko Maimouna, Niang Nogaye, Ndiaye Cheikh, Faye Issa, Thiao Mansour, Fall Saliou, Ndao Sylla Samba
Peanut is a key component of Senegal’s predominantly cereal-based farming systems
花生是塞内加尔以谷物为主的农业系统的重要组成部分
{"title":"Inoculation effectiveness of native and exotic Bradyrhizobium species strains in a Senegalese agricultural soil: A comparison on modern and traditional peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars","authors":"Sene Godar, Top Nibourou, Cissoko Maimouna, Niang Nogaye, Ndiaye Cheikh, Faye Issa, Thiao Mansour, Fall Saliou, Ndao Sylla Samba","doi":"10.5897/ajb2023.17614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2023.17614","url":null,"abstract":"Peanut is a key component of Senegal’s predominantly cereal-based farming systems","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azalina Azman Nur, Awal Asmah, Abdol Latif Fatimah
.
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{"title":"Callus induction of Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl using stem nodal segment","authors":"Azalina Azman Nur, Awal Asmah, Abdol Latif Fatimah","doi":"10.5897/ajb2023.17569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2023.17569","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" 1050","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparative study of transgenic cotton development, impacts, challenges and prospects with respect to China and Africa","authors":"E. V. Nnaemeka, Yuqiang Sun","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17486","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. K. Teresa, Vaneechoutte Mario, M. M. Paul, Verstraelen Hans, Estambale Benson, Temmerman Marleen, Verhelst Rita
{"title":"Dynamics of the vaginal microbiome during the menstrual cycle of HIV positive and negative women in a sub-urban population of Kenya","authors":"N. K. Teresa, Vaneechoutte Mario, M. M. Paul, Verstraelen Hans, Estambale Benson, Temmerman Marleen, Verhelst Rita","doi":"10.5897/ajb2023.17549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2023.17549","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The maize weevil is a pest of stored maize controlled with synthetic insecticides. The widespread use of these insecticides, however, is harmful to the environment and human health. In this study, solvent extracts (SEs) and powder treatments (PTs) of Nicotiana tabacum leaves and Jatropha curcas seeds were tested for their efficacy against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with three replications. For extraction, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane were used. Extract concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100% were evaluated at dosages of 4, 8, and 12 ml. PT of botanicals was evaluated at dosages of 4, 8, and 12 g. Mortality was calculated at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after treatment. At the end of the experiment, the percentage of grain damage, weight loss, and germination percentage was calculated. Dichloromethane SEs of N. tabacum leaves and J. curcas seeds at 50, 75, and 100% levels of extract concentrations (LEC) in all doses caused 100% mortality. The J. curcas seed PTs at 12 g and its SEs of ethyl acetate and dichloromethane in 100% LEC at 12 ml experienced the least grain weight loss of 1.36, 0.79 and 0.64%, respectively. The results suggest that these plant-based products are very promising, generally available, cost-effective, non-toxic to non-target organisms, and simple to produce. Thus, dichloromethane SEs of N. tabacum leaves and J. curcas seeds at 50% LEC and above in all doses can be recommended for the management of S.
{"title":"Efficacy of organic extracts of Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) leaf and Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) seed against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions","authors":"Temesgen Tsegab, G. Emana","doi":"10.5897/ajb2023.17612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2023.17612","url":null,"abstract":"The maize weevil is a pest of stored maize controlled with synthetic insecticides. The widespread use of these insecticides, however, is harmful to the environment and human health. In this study, solvent extracts (SEs) and powder treatments (PTs) of Nicotiana tabacum leaves and Jatropha curcas seeds were tested for their efficacy against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with three replications. For extraction, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane were used. Extract concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100% were evaluated at dosages of 4, 8, and 12 ml. PT of botanicals was evaluated at dosages of 4, 8, and 12 g. Mortality was calculated at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after treatment. At the end of the experiment, the percentage of grain damage, weight loss, and germination percentage was calculated. Dichloromethane SEs of N. tabacum leaves and J. curcas seeds at 50, 75, and 100% levels of extract concentrations (LEC) in all doses caused 100% mortality. The J. curcas seed PTs at 12 g and its SEs of ethyl acetate and dichloromethane in 100% LEC at 12 ml experienced the least grain weight loss of 1.36, 0.79 and 0.64%, respectively. The results suggest that these plant-based products are very promising, generally available, cost-effective, non-toxic to non-target organisms, and simple to produce. Thus, dichloromethane SEs of N. tabacum leaves and J. curcas seeds at 50% LEC and above in all doses can be recommended for the management of S.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. K. Viviane, Sévédé Daouda, D. Moussa, E. A. Stanislas, Dosso Mireille
{"title":"Evaluation of viral hepatitis C screening at Institut Pasteur of Cte dIvoire from 2012 to 2022","authors":"A. K. Viviane, Sévédé Daouda, D. Moussa, E. A. Stanislas, Dosso Mireille","doi":"10.5897/ajb2023.17615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2023.17615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boureima Sakande, P. Sawadogo, J. Tiendrébéogo, Z. Kiébré, P. Bationo-Kando
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{"title":"Assessment of the stability and genotype-environment interaction of a spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) collection in Burkina Faso: Application of the AMMI and GGE models","authors":"Boureima Sakande, P. Sawadogo, J. Tiendrébéogo, Z. Kiébré, P. Bationo-Kando","doi":"10.5897/ajb2023.17611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2023.17611","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"68 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize being an important staple food crop is widely consumed in Kenya but its production remains low due to biotic and abiotic challenges that have not been addressed sufficiently through conventional breeding. This study sought to optimize the establishment of cell suspension and protoplast cultures for 10 tropical inbred maize genotypes in order to identify genotypes that can readily establish in liquid cultures and those whose cell suspensions and protoplasts are capable of in vitro regeneration. Callus were induced using immature zygotic embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2, 4-D, 5 mg/L dicamba or 5 mg/L picloram. Dicamba and picloram induced friable calli that readily dispersed into cell suspensions in liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.1 g/L asparagine and either 0.4 or 0.8 g/L proline. Cell growth was determined by packed cell volume (PCV) every seven days. The highest PCV (240 µl/ml) was recorded in genotype EO4 followed by CML 216 (188 µ/ml). Optimal growth was observed in cells maintained in MS Amended with 0.4 or 0.8 g/L of proline in combination with 0.1 g/L asparagine compared to medium without proline. It was also observed that cells cultured in media with reduced Ammonium Nitrate (12 fold reduction) recorded higher PCV values than controls. Protoplasts were generated from the resulting cells using 2% cellulase and 0.5% pectolyase in an enzyme digestion cocktail containing Mannitol and Calcium Chloride (MaCa) and washed in MS with vitamins containing Mannitol (MSMa). Only cell clusters of genotype EO4 gave rise to plants with a regeneration frequency of 42.51%. In conclusion, success was achieved in callus initiation, formation of cell suspension cultures and their eventual regeneration into whole plants for selected tropical maize genotypes. Key words: Cell suspensions, callus, somatic embryos, packed cell volume, protoplasts.
{"title":"An optimized protocol for in vitro regeneration of tropical maize inbred lines through cell suspension and semi-protoplast cultures","authors":"Moemi Billiah, Masanga Joel, Runo Steven","doi":"10.5897/ajb2023.17557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2023.17557","url":null,"abstract":"Maize being an important staple food crop is widely consumed in Kenya but its production remains low due to biotic and abiotic challenges that have not been addressed sufficiently through conventional breeding. This study sought to optimize the establishment of cell suspension and protoplast cultures for 10 tropical inbred maize genotypes in order to identify genotypes that can readily establish in liquid cultures and those whose cell suspensions and protoplasts are capable of in vitro regeneration. Callus were induced using immature zygotic embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2, 4-D, 5 mg/L dicamba or 5 mg/L picloram. Dicamba and picloram induced friable calli that readily dispersed into cell suspensions in liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.1 g/L asparagine and either 0.4 or 0.8 g/L proline. Cell growth was determined by packed cell volume (PCV) every seven days. The highest PCV (240 µl/ml) was recorded in genotype EO4 followed by CML 216 (188 µ/ml). Optimal growth was observed in cells maintained in MS Amended with 0.4 or 0.8 g/L of proline in combination with 0.1 g/L asparagine compared to medium without proline. It was also observed that cells cultured in media with reduced Ammonium Nitrate (12 fold reduction) recorded higher PCV values than controls. Protoplasts were generated from the resulting cells using 2% cellulase and 0.5% pectolyase in an enzyme digestion cocktail containing Mannitol and Calcium Chloride (MaCa) and washed in MS with vitamins containing Mannitol (MSMa). Only cell clusters of genotype EO4 gave rise to plants with a regeneration frequency of 42.51%. In conclusion, success was achieved in callus initiation, formation of cell suspension cultures and their eventual regeneration into whole plants for selected tropical maize genotypes. Key words: Cell suspensions, callus, somatic embryos, packed cell volume, protoplasts.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. O. Igile, A. I. Iwara, O. O. Ekpe, N. M. Essien, G. E. Egbung
Quality of palm oil determines its consumer and market acceptability and price. This correlates directly to its moisture (%), free fatty acid (% FFA) and total fatty matter (%TFM) content. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of low free fatty acid (LFFA) and high free fatty acid (HFFA) crude palm oil (CPO) samples aged 5 to 10 days, purchased from four locations in Southern Nigeria. HFFA CPO is produced using traditional methods while LFFA CPO is produced by modern milling methods. The oil samples were analyzed for quality and fatty acid using standard analytical methods. The results obtained showed that FFA and total contaminants were significantly (p<0.05) lower in LFFA and higher in HFFA CPO samples. The values of FFA were significantly (P<0.05) higher in HFFA (9.25±0.70-12.76±1.20%) when compared to LFFA CPO values (2.44±0.30-2.95±0.08%). No significant (p>05) difference was observed in the mean saponification value of LFFA (198.95±0.80 mg KOH/g oil) and HFFA CPO (198.62±0.40 mg KOH/g oil). TFM for LFFA CPO ranged between 91.94±0.40 - 92.45±0.75% suggesting no significant (p>0.05) variability in TFM values for LFFA CPO. TFM values for HFFA CPO were significantly (P<0.05) lower and varied between 81.06±0.64 and 85.16±1.05%. The palmitic acid in HFFA CPO was 44.670±0.85 and 45.641±1.77% in LFFA CPO. Oleic acid content was 37.370±0.92% in HFFA oil and 39.005±1.06% in LFFA oil. It was concluded that CPO is rich in SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs. The ratio of TSFAs to TUFAs for both LFFA and HFFA CPO is 1:1. Key words: Quality, crude palm oil, free fatty acid, total fatty matter, fatty acids, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
{"title":"Quality evaluation of low free fatty acid and high free fatty acid crude palm oil and variation of total fatty matter and fatty acid composition in Nigerian palm oil","authors":"G. O. Igile, A. I. Iwara, O. O. Ekpe, N. M. Essien, G. E. Egbung","doi":"10.5897/ajb2020.17181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2020.17181","url":null,"abstract":"Quality of palm oil determines its consumer and market acceptability and price. This correlates directly to its moisture (%), free fatty acid (% FFA) and total fatty matter (%TFM) content. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of low free fatty acid (LFFA) and high free fatty acid (HFFA) crude palm oil (CPO) samples aged 5 to 10 days, purchased from four locations in Southern Nigeria. HFFA CPO is produced using traditional methods while LFFA CPO is produced by modern milling methods. The oil samples were analyzed for quality and fatty acid using standard analytical methods. The results obtained showed that FFA and total contaminants were significantly (p<0.05) lower in LFFA and higher in HFFA CPO samples. The values of FFA were significantly (P<0.05) higher in HFFA (9.25±0.70-12.76±1.20%) when compared to LFFA CPO values (2.44±0.30-2.95±0.08%). No significant (p>05) difference was observed in the mean saponification value of LFFA (198.95±0.80 mg KOH/g oil) and HFFA CPO (198.62±0.40 mg KOH/g oil). TFM for LFFA CPO ranged between 91.94±0.40 - 92.45±0.75% suggesting no significant (p>0.05) variability in TFM values for LFFA CPO. TFM values for HFFA CPO were significantly (P<0.05) lower and varied between 81.06±0.64 and 85.16±1.05%. The palmitic acid in HFFA CPO was 44.670±0.85 and 45.641±1.77% in LFFA CPO. Oleic acid content was 37.370±0.92% in HFFA oil and 39.005±1.06% in LFFA oil. It was concluded that CPO is rich in SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs. The ratio of TSFAs to TUFAs for both LFFA and HFFA CPO is 1:1. Key words: Quality, crude palm oil, free fatty acid, total fatty matter, fatty acids, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"13 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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