C. Chukwuka, F. Emele, N. Agbakoba, D. Ezeagwuna, C. Oguejiofor
Background: Much controversies have been associated with the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma hominis but little has been done to unravel the mystery behind the different views. This study aimed at investigating the genetic variants abounding within M. hominis and the distribution of the virulent genes among the variants. Methodology: Twenty (20) M. hominis isolates from high vaginal swabs of women (11 from pregnant women and 9 from women presenting with infertility) attending the Obstetrics and Gynaecology clinics of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Nigeria, were sequenced using 16S rRNA universal gene target for the purpose of phylogenetic analysis and epidemiological typing. The isolates were also screened for the presence of M. hominis variable adherence antigen (vaa) and p120 virulent genes using primer constructs from the respective genes in a conventional PCR protocol. Results: Of the 20 M. hominis vaginal isolates, 4 phylogenetic strains were detected; strain MHS43 constituted 10/20 (50.0%) [2/9 (22.2%) from infertile women and 8/11 (72.7%) from pregnant women]; strain MHBS constituted 3/20 (15%) [3/9 (33.3%) from infertile women and 0/11 (0%) from pregnant women]; strain MHSWP2 constituted 4/20 (20.0%) [3/9 (33.3%) from infertile women and 1/11 (9.1%) from pregnant women]; while strain MHKC87 constituted 3/20 (15%) [1/9 (11.1%) from infertile women and 2/11 (18.2%) from pregnant women]. Each of vaa and p120 genes was detected in 14 of 20 isolates, while 6 isolates did not carry the genes. A 2-way ANOVA test showed that none of the genes was significantly associated with a particular strain (p=0.8641). Conclusions: The different views regarding the pathogenicity of M. hominis may be linked to the heterogeneity within the species and lack of omogeneity in the virulent genes as witnessed both in the intra species and intra strain levels.
{"title":"Phylogenetic variants of Mycoplasma hominis from pregnant women and women presenting with infertility in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria","authors":"C. Chukwuka, F. Emele, N. Agbakoba, D. Ezeagwuna, C. Oguejiofor","doi":"10.4314/ajcem.v24i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v24i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Much controversies have been associated with the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma hominis but little has been done to unravel the mystery behind the different views. This study aimed at investigating the genetic variants abounding within M. hominis and the distribution of the virulent genes among the variants. \u0000Methodology: Twenty (20) M. hominis isolates from high vaginal swabs of women (11 from pregnant women and 9 from women presenting with infertility) attending the Obstetrics and Gynaecology clinics of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Nigeria, were sequenced using 16S rRNA universal gene target for the purpose of phylogenetic analysis and epidemiological typing. The isolates were also screened for the presence of M. hominis variable adherence antigen (vaa) and p120 virulent genes using primer constructs from the respective genes in a conventional PCR protocol. \u0000Results: Of the 20 M. hominis vaginal isolates, 4 phylogenetic strains were detected; strain MHS43 constituted 10/20 (50.0%) [2/9 (22.2%) from infertile women and 8/11 (72.7%) from pregnant women]; strain MHBS constituted 3/20 (15%) [3/9 (33.3%) from infertile women and 0/11 (0%) from pregnant women]; strain MHSWP2 constituted 4/20 (20.0%) [3/9 (33.3%) from infertile women and 1/11 (9.1%) from pregnant women]; while strain MHKC87 constituted 3/20 (15%) [1/9 (11.1%) from infertile women and 2/11 (18.2%) from pregnant women]. Each of vaa and p120 genes was detected in 14 of 20 isolates, while 6 isolates did not carry the genes. A 2-way ANOVA test showed that none of the genes was significantly associated with a particular strain (p=0.8641). \u0000Conclusions: The different views regarding the pathogenicity of M. hominis may be linked to the heterogeneity within the species and lack of omogeneity in the virulent genes as witnessed both in the intra species and intra strain levels. ","PeriodicalId":7415,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78511312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is a zoonotic fungal skin infection caused predominantly by Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton spp. It is highly transmissible and, while normally self-limiting, could be problematic due to its potential to cause disease in certain human populations. The occurrence and associated risk factors of dermatophytoses in dogs presented at three veterinary clinics in Osogbo, and Ilorin, Nigeria between July and November 2019 were investigated in this study. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 325 dogs with lesions suggestive of dermatophytosis, selected by simple random sampling from three veterinary clinics in Osogbo and Ilorin, purposively selected for the study due to high patronage of the veterinary hospitals by dog owners. Using conventional mycological sampling techniques, plucked hairs and skin scrapings were obtained the dogs. The samples were emulsified in 10% potassium hydroxide, examined microscopically for fungal elements and cultured using standard mycological procedures. Information on dog demographic characteristics and risk factors for dermatophytosis were collected using structured questionnaire. The association between risk factors and demographic variables with the occurrence of dermatophytoses was determined using Chi-square test (with Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Positive cultures for dermatophytes were obtained from samples of 48 (14.8%) dogs with M. canis 37.5% (18/48), M. gypseum 27.0% (13/48) and T. mentagrophytes 8.3% (4/48). Other fungi identified were Aspergillus flavus 12.5% (6/48) and Malassezia canis 12.5% (6/48). The age distribution of positive dogs were < 1 year (50.0%, n=24), 1-3 years (29.2%, n=14) and > 3 years (20.8%, n=10), while the risk factors associated with dermatophytosis included sex of dogs (p=0.0428), history of dermatophytosis (p<0.0001), clinical presentation (p<0.0001) and lesion type, especially kerion and pustular lesions (p=0.0297). Conclusion: These findings established the occurrence of dermatophytosis in dogs kept for companionship (i. e., pets), security and breeding purposes in the two States in Nigeria. Our findings underscore the need for routine mycological investigations in dogs to facilitate early detection of cases and prompt institution of treatment interventions, thereby preventing zoonotic transmission of dermatophytes to their owners, handlers and veterinarians.
{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with canine dermatophytoses among dogs in Kwara and Osun States, Nigeria","authors":"Y. Adesiji, D. Oluwayelu, J. Aiyedun","doi":"10.4314/ajcem.v24i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v24i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is a zoonotic fungal skin infection caused predominantly by Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton spp. It is highly transmissible and, while normally self-limiting, could be problematic due to its potential to cause disease in certain human populations. The occurrence and associated risk factors of dermatophytoses in dogs presented at three veterinary clinics in Osogbo, and Ilorin, Nigeria between July and November 2019 were investigated in this study. \u0000Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 325 dogs with lesions suggestive of dermatophytosis, selected by simple random sampling from three veterinary clinics in Osogbo and Ilorin, purposively selected for the study due to high patronage of the veterinary hospitals by dog owners. Using conventional mycological sampling techniques, plucked hairs and skin scrapings were obtained the dogs. The samples were emulsified in 10% potassium hydroxide, examined microscopically for fungal elements and cultured using standard mycological procedures. Information on dog demographic characteristics and risk factors for dermatophytosis were collected using structured questionnaire. The association between risk factors and demographic variables with the occurrence of dermatophytoses was determined using Chi-square test (with Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: Positive cultures for dermatophytes were obtained from samples of 48 (14.8%) dogs with M. canis 37.5% (18/48), M. gypseum 27.0% (13/48) and T. mentagrophytes 8.3% (4/48). Other fungi identified were Aspergillus flavus 12.5% (6/48) and Malassezia canis 12.5% (6/48). The age distribution of positive dogs were < 1 year (50.0%, n=24), 1-3 years (29.2%, n=14) and > 3 years (20.8%, n=10), while the risk factors associated with dermatophytosis included sex of dogs (p=0.0428), history of dermatophytosis (p<0.0001), clinical presentation (p<0.0001) and lesion type, especially kerion and pustular lesions (p=0.0297). \u0000Conclusion: These findings established the occurrence of dermatophytosis in dogs kept for companionship (i. e., pets), security and breeding purposes in the two States in Nigeria. Our findings underscore the need for routine mycological investigations in dogs to facilitate early detection of cases and prompt institution of treatment interventions, thereby preventing zoonotic transmission of dermatophytes to their owners, handlers and veterinarians. ","PeriodicalId":7415,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89939932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Zaidi, A. Amara Korba, A. Bessas, A. Bouzenad, N.K. Hamnoune, D. Hezil, I. Bitam
Background: By the nature of their environment and behavior, stray cats are at risk of exposure to leptospirosis. Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. The prevalence of leptospirosis in the feline species in Algeria is unknown. The main objectives of this study are to determine the seroprevalence and identify the most common Leptospira serovars in stray cats in the Algiers region.Methodology: Serum samples from 144 randomly selected healthy stray cats from 57 municipalities of the Algiers region were analyzed by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The MAT was performed to determine the antibody titers against nine Leptospira serovars (Canicola, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa, Bratislava, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Patoc). The age of each cat was estimated based on dentition and physical appearance, and information on cat sex, breed and clinical status were collected. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0Results: Leptospira antibodies were detected in 8 of 144 healthy stray cats, giving a seroprevalence rate of 5.6% [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.814-9.297]. The antibody titers ranged from 1:100 to 1:3200. Serovars Pyrogenes (1:100) and Patoc (1:100) were the most prevalent serovars detected in 2.8% (4/144) of the cats, followed by serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae (1:100) and Bratislava (1:100) detected in 2.1% (3/144) of the cats. The seroprevalence of 7.8% (7/90) in the male cats was higher than 1.9% (1/54) in the female cats but this did not reach a significant difference (OR=4.47, 95% CI=0.5344-37.387, p=0.2586). All the positive cats were over one year of age.Conclusion: This study showed that stray cats in Algiers are exposed to leptospirosis. In addition, the serovars detected are very common serovars in dogs and humans. The control of leptospirosis is largely dependent on general hygiene measures and the control of animal reservoirs. Additional investigations are necessary to clarify the epidemiology of the disease in the different regions of Algeria. Contexte: De par la nature de leur environnement et de leur comportement, les chats errants sont à un risque d'exposition à la leptospirose. La leptospirose est une maladie zoonotique émergente de distribution mondiale. La prévalence de la leptospirose chez l’espèce féline en Algérie est inconnue. Les principaux objectifs de cette étude sont de déterminer la séroprévalence et d'identifier les sérovars de Leptospira les plus fréquents chez leschats errants de la région d'Alger.Méthodologie: Des échantillons de sérum de 144 chats errants sanitaires sélectionnés au hasard dans 57 communes de la région d'Alger ont été analysés par le test d'agglutination microscopique (MAT). Le MAT a été réalisé pour déterminer les titres d'anticorps contre neuf sérotypes de Leptospira (Canicola, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa, Bratislava, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Patoc). L'
背景:由于其环境和行为的性质，流浪猫有接触钩端螺旋体病的风险。钩端螺旋体病是一种新兴的人畜共患疾病，分布在世界各地。阿尔及利亚猫科动物中钩端螺旋体病的流行情况尚不清楚。本研究的主要目的是确定阿尔及尔地区流浪猫的血清阳性率并确定最常见的钩端螺旋体血清型。方法:采用显微凝集试验(MAT)对阿尔及尔地区57个城市随机抽取的144只健康流浪猫的血清样本进行分析。采用MAT测定9种钩端螺旋体血清型(Canicola, Copenhageni, icterohemorrhagiae，秋季，grippo伤寒，Bratislava, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Patoc)的抗体滴度。每只猫的年龄根据牙列和外貌进行估计，并收集猫的性别、品种和临床状况信息。结果:144只健康流浪猫中有8只检测到钩端螺旋体抗体，血清阳性率为5.6%[95%置信区间(CI)=1.814-9.297]。抗体滴度范围为1:100 ~ 1:3200。热原型(1:100)和帕托克型(1:100)是最常见的血清型，检出率为2.8%(4/144)，其次是ictero出血型(1:100)和布拉迪斯拉发型(1:100)，检出率为2.1%(3/144)。公猫的血清患病率为7.8%(7/90)，高于母猫的1.9%(1/54)，但差异无统计学意义(OR=4.47, 95% CI=0.5344-37.387, p=0.2586)。所有阳性的猫都在一岁以上。结论:本研究表明，阿尔及尔的流浪猫暴露于钩端螺旋体病。此外，检测到的血清型是在狗和人类中非常常见的血清型。钩端螺旋体病的控制在很大程度上取决于一般卫生措施和对动物宿主的控制。有必要进行进一步调查，以澄清阿尔及利亚不同地区该病的流行病学情况。上下文:自然、环境、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为、行为等。钩端螺旋体病是一种传染性动物传染病。钩端螺旋体的变异与变异的变异与变异的变异是一致的。从原则上说，这些目标是确定的，如:确定的，如:确定的，如:确定的，如:确定的，如:确定的，如:确定的，如:确定的，如:确定的，如:确定的，如:确定的。3 . 和·····- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Le垫的疾病意识到倒限定词les滴定度d 'anticorps靠九种血清型de钩端螺旋体(Canicola、Copenhageni Icterohaemorrhagiae, Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa,布拉迪斯拉发,波莫纳,热原质,Patoc)。L' ge de chaque chat a samet et L' cest est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est。里面的数据于高频分析l 'aide du包statistique倒Les科学优势种(SPSS)版本17.0结果:Des anticorps靠钩端螺旋体安大略省的高频检测在144 Des聊天的防疫线,donnant联合国taux de seroprevalence de 5 6%(从这个(IC) 95% = 1814 - 9297)。Les titres d'anticorps变奏:1:100:3200。莱斯·萨梅斯·焦热因(1:100)和帕托克(1:100)，萨梅斯·萨梅斯和萨梅斯·萨梅斯加萨梅斯·萨梅斯和萨梅斯·萨梅斯(1:100)，萨梅斯·萨梅斯和萨梅斯·萨梅斯(1:100)，萨梅斯·萨梅斯和萨梅斯·萨梅斯(1:100)，萨梅斯·萨梅斯和萨梅斯·萨梅斯(1:100)，萨梅斯·萨梅斯和萨梅斯·萨梅斯(1:100)，萨梅斯·萨梅斯，1%(3/144)。La ssamupracemode 7,8 % (7/90) chez les chats, m les samupracemode 1,9 % (1/54) chez les chattes, mais cela n'a pas atint 1差异显著(OR=4,47, IC 95%= 0,5444 -37,387, p=0,2586)。这两个字母的正数是“+ d”。结论:研究表明，阿格尔氏舞蹈症患者与其他疾病患者相比，其与钩端螺旋体的接触较少。另外，这些ssamrovars和ssamrovars、ssamrovars和ssamrovars、ssamrovars和ssamrovars、ssamrovars和ssamrovars、ssamrovars、ssamrovous、schien和schel’homme。contrôle关于钩端螺旋体的最大贡品，关于卫生措施的规定，以及关于如何控制动物的规定。这些调查都是由各种各样的调查组成的，它们是由各种各样的调查组成的，它们是由各种各样的调查组成的。
{"title":"Serological study of leptospirosis in cats from Algeria","authors":"S. Zaidi, A. Amara Korba, A. Bessas, A. Bouzenad, N.K. Hamnoune, D. Hezil, I. Bitam","doi":"10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: By the nature of their environment and behavior, stray cats are at risk of exposure to leptospirosis. Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. The prevalence of leptospirosis in the feline species in Algeria is unknown. The main objectives of this study are to determine the seroprevalence and identify the most common Leptospira serovars in stray cats in the Algiers region.Methodology: Serum samples from 144 randomly selected healthy stray cats from 57 municipalities of the Algiers region were analyzed by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The MAT was performed to determine the antibody titers against nine Leptospira serovars (Canicola, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa, Bratislava, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Patoc). The age of each cat was estimated based on dentition and physical appearance, and information on cat sex, breed and clinical status were collected. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0Results: Leptospira antibodies were detected in 8 of 144 healthy stray cats, giving a seroprevalence rate of 5.6% [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.814-9.297]. The antibody titers ranged from 1:100 to 1:3200. Serovars Pyrogenes (1:100) and Patoc (1:100) were the most prevalent serovars detected in 2.8% (4/144) of the cats, followed by serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae (1:100) and Bratislava (1:100) detected in 2.1% (3/144) of the cats. The seroprevalence of 7.8% (7/90) in the male cats was higher than 1.9% (1/54) in the female cats but this did not reach a significant difference (OR=4.47, 95% CI=0.5344-37.387, p=0.2586). All the positive cats were over one year of age.Conclusion: This study showed that stray cats in Algiers are exposed to leptospirosis. In addition, the serovars detected are very common serovars in dogs and humans. The control of leptospirosis is largely dependent on general hygiene measures and the control of animal reservoirs. Additional investigations are necessary to clarify the epidemiology of the disease in the different regions of Algeria. \u0000Contexte: De par la nature de leur environnement et de leur comportement, les chats errants sont à un risque d'exposition à la leptospirose. La leptospirose est une maladie zoonotique émergente de distribution mondiale. La prévalence de la leptospirose chez l’espèce féline en Algérie est inconnue. Les principaux objectifs de cette étude sont de déterminer la séroprévalence et d'identifier les sérovars de Leptospira les plus fréquents chez leschats errants de la région d'Alger.Méthodologie: Des échantillons de sérum de 144 chats errants sanitaires sélectionnés au hasard dans 57 communes de la région d'Alger ont été analysés par le test d'agglutination microscopique (MAT). Le MAT a été réalisé pour déterminer les titres d'anticorps contre neuf sérotypes de Leptospira (Canicola, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa, Bratislava, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Patoc). L'","PeriodicalId":7415,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79272962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Okoeguale, S. Samuel, S. Amadi, A. Njoku, G. Okome
Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses and most women in the world are probably infected with at least one type of the virus during their sexual life. Oncogenic HPVs are predominantly sexually-transmitted pathogens and several high-risk types are associated with nearly all cases of cervical cancer worldwide. In view of paucity of data on the prevalence and distribution of various high risk HPV subtypes, this study was carried out to provide evidence based local data for cervical cancer preventive programs within this region.Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 145 consenting women living in Ugbegun rural community of Edo central senatorial district, Edo State, Nigeria. Informed consent of each participant was obtained and socio-demographic information collected through interviewer-administered collection tool. Cervical swab sample was collected using the female cervical cell collection kit for HPV DNA testing. HPV DNA was detected by the Hybribio 21 HPV Geno array test kit which uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and flow through hybridization assay. Summary statistics were presented as mean, standard deviation, median, frequency and proportions as appropriate using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Association of sociodemographic characteristics of the women with HPV prevalence was done using the ‘t’ test, with p value less than 0.5 considered statistical significance.Results: Twenty four of the 145 women tested positive, giving HPV prevalence of 16.6%. Six HPV serotypes were detected; types 16, 18, 35, 45, 52 and 58. HPV types 16 and 18 were most frequent, contributing 54.2%, and coinfection occurred in 29.2%. HPV-positive women had significantly higher mean number of life time sexual partners (p=0.046) and mean parity (p=0.0001) compared to HPV-negative women. The mean age of the women (p=0.710), mean age at menarche (p=0.570) and mean age at coitarche (p=0.940) were not significantly associated with prevalence of HPVConclusion: CThis study showed predominance of oncogenic cervical HPV types 16 and 18 within this sub region of rural Nigeria. Strengthening reproductive and sexual education in both males and females with focus on HPV vaccination, delaying sexual activities and reduction in number of child birth are strategies which could prevent high risk HPV infection and cervical cancer in rural communities. Contexte: Les papillomavirus humains (VPH) sont des virus à ADN double brin sans enveloppe et la plupart des femmes dans le monde sont probablement infectées par au moins un type de virus au cours de leur vie sexuelle. Les VPH oncogènes sont principalement des agents pathogènes sexuellement transmissibles et plusieurs types à haut risque sont associés à presque tous les cas de cancer du col de l'utérus dans le monde. Compte tenu du manque de données sur la prévalence et la distribution de divers sous-types de
背景:人乳头瘤病毒(hpv)是非包膜的双链DNA病毒，世界上大多数女性可能在其性生活中感染至少一种病毒。致瘤性人乳头状瘤病毒主要是性传播病原体，几种高危类型与全世界几乎所有宫颈癌病例有关。鉴于缺乏各种高危HPV亚型的流行和分布数据，本研究旨在为该地区的宫颈癌预防规划提供基于证据的本地数据。方法:这是一项描述性横断面研究，涉及145名居住在尼日利亚江户州江户中央参议院区ugbegin农村社区的自愿妇女。获得每位参与者的知情同意，并通过访谈者管理的收集工具收集社会人口统计信息。使用女性宫颈细胞采集试剂盒采集宫颈拭子样本进行HPV DNA检测。采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增和流式杂交技术，采用hybribio21 HPV基因阵列检测试剂盒对HPV DNA进行检测。摘要统计数据以平均数、标准差、中位数、频率和比例表示，并酌情使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS) 22.0版。社会人口学特征与HPV患病率的相关性采用t检验，p值小于0.5认为具有统计学意义。结果:145名妇女中有24人检测呈阳性，HPV患病率为16.6%。检测到6种HPV血清型;16、18、35、45、52和58型。HPV 16型和18型最常见，占54.2%，合并感染发生率为29.2%。与hpv阴性妇女相比，hpv阳性妇女终生性伴侣的平均数量(p=0.046)和平均胎次(p=0.0001)显着增加。妇女的平均年龄(p=0.710)、平均初潮年龄(p=0.570)和平均初潮年龄(p=0.940)与HPV患病率无显著相关性。结论:c本研究显示，在尼日利亚农村的这一次区域，宫颈癌HPV 16型和18型占主导地位。加强男性和女性的生殖和性教育，重点是人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种，推迟性活动和减少生育人数，这些战略可以在农村社区预防高危人乳头瘤病毒感染和子宫颈癌。背景:人乳头状瘤病毒(VPH)是一种双膜状病毒，感染了女性乳头状瘤病毒(VPH)，感染了女性乳头状瘤病毒(VPH)，感染了女性乳头状瘤病毒(VPH)。VPH致癌因子是指致病因子、致病因子、性因素、可传播因子和多种类型的变异因子，指有危险的个体，指有关联的个体，指有变异的个体，指有变异的个体，指有变异的个体，指有变异的个体。其他不同类型的VPH的分布情况:如有危险的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的、有前科的。<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -“同意”是指，通过“收集管理信息”，通过“收集管理信息”获得的社会信息和“收集社会信息”。unsamchantillon d' samaccouvillon cervical和samacevevest l'aide du kit de collect de cellular cervicales和samacimines pour le test。L 'ADN du VPH疾病detecte par le工具包de测试Hybribio 21人乳头状瘤病毒基因族群阵列,利用一个放大par en经纱par聚合酶反应(PCR)等联合国d 'hybridation en通量继续测试。Les statisques sommaires ont samims . sous formformde moyenne, d' cart-type, de massine, de fracimquence et de proportions, selon le cas, s.l 'aide de la version 22.0 du package statistical pour Les sciences sociales (SPSS)。L 'association des的特性sociodemographiques des妻子拉杜VPH疾病患病率realisee L 'aide du测试“t”,用一个数值de p inferieure 0 5 consideree这样一个意义statistique。4 / 4: 145名女性的<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -VPH的6个samsamtype和其他的samsamtype;16、18、35、45、52和58型。vph16型和18型分别为感染型和感染型，分别为感染型和感染型，分别为感染型和感染型，分别为54.2%和29.2%。女性samropositive pour le VPH = unnombre moyen de partenaires sexuels (p=0,046)和女性samropositive moyenne (p=0,0001)意义加上女性samropositive pour le VPH。 女性的平均年龄(p = 0,710),平均年龄骨量(p = 0.592)和平均年龄coïtarche并未显著相关(p = 0,940) hpv感染率。结论:该研究展示了从主要类型的hpv疫苗宫颈癌中致癌物16和18尼日利亚在该次区域的农村。加强教育男子和妇女的生殖和性重点接种hpv疫苗,推迟性活动和战略的出生人数的减少是可以预防癌症的高危hpv感染和宫颈癌在农村社区。
{"title":"Prevalence and distribution of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus infection in a rural community of Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Okoeguale, S. Samuel, S. Amadi, A. Njoku, G. Okome","doi":"10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses and most women in the world are probably infected with at least one type of the virus during their sexual life. Oncogenic HPVs are predominantly sexually-transmitted pathogens and several high-risk types are associated with nearly all cases of cervical cancer worldwide. In view of paucity of data on the prevalence and distribution of various high risk HPV subtypes, this study was carried out to provide evidence based local data for cervical cancer preventive programs within this region.Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 145 consenting women living in Ugbegun rural community of Edo central senatorial district, Edo State, Nigeria. Informed consent of each participant was obtained and socio-demographic information collected through interviewer-administered collection tool. Cervical swab sample was collected using the female cervical cell collection kit for HPV DNA testing. HPV DNA was detected by the Hybribio 21 HPV Geno array test kit which uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and flow through hybridization assay. Summary statistics were presented as mean, standard deviation, median, frequency and proportions as appropriate using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Association of sociodemographic characteristics of the women with HPV prevalence was done using the ‘t’ test, with p value less than 0.5 considered statistical significance.Results: Twenty four of the 145 women tested positive, giving HPV prevalence of 16.6%. Six HPV serotypes were detected; types 16, 18, 35, 45, 52 and 58. HPV types 16 and 18 were most frequent, contributing 54.2%, and coinfection occurred in 29.2%. HPV-positive women had significantly higher mean number of life time sexual partners (p=0.046) and mean parity (p=0.0001) compared to HPV-negative women. The mean age of the women (p=0.710), mean age at menarche (p=0.570) and mean age at coitarche (p=0.940) were not significantly associated with prevalence of HPVConclusion: CThis study showed predominance of oncogenic cervical HPV types 16 and 18 within this sub region of rural Nigeria. Strengthening reproductive and sexual education in both males and females with focus on HPV vaccination, delaying sexual activities and reduction in number of child birth are strategies which could prevent high risk HPV infection and cervical cancer in rural communities. \u0000Contexte: Les papillomavirus humains (VPH) sont des virus à ADN double brin sans enveloppe et la plupart des femmes dans le monde sont probablement infectées par au moins un type de virus au cours de leur vie sexuelle. Les VPH oncogènes sont principalement des agents pathogènes sexuellement transmissibles et plusieurs types à haut risque sont associés à presque tous les cas de cancer du col de l'utérus dans le monde. Compte tenu du manque de données sur la prévalence et la distribution de divers sous-types de","PeriodicalId":7415,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82009392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a case that highlights the importance of excluding underlying intracranial pathology in a patient presenting with severe headache and positive xanthochromia. This case report demonstrated that false-positive xanthochromia without subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is possible in acute bacterial meningitis when there is a combination of traumatic lumbar puncture and either hyperbilirubinaemia or raised cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) protein. Cet article présente un cas qui met en évidence l'importance d'exclure une pathologie intracrânienne sous-jacente chez un patient présentant une céphalée sévère et une xanthochromie positive. Ce rapport de cas a démontré qu'une xanthochromie faussement positive sans hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne (HSA) est possible dans la méningite bactérienne aiguë lorsqu'il existe une combinaison de ponction lombaire traumatique et d'hyperbilirubinémie ou d'augmentation de la protéine du liquide céphalo-rachidien (LCR).
presents a case that This篇要闻“极其不含动心intracranial pathology in a headache小曲with病人重and xanthochromia正面。该病例报告显示，当创伤性腰椎穿刺和高胆红素血症或升高的脑脊液(CSF)蛋白结合时，急性细菌性脑膜炎中可能出现无蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)的假阳性黄染色。本文介绍了一个病例，强调了排除严重头痛和黄染色阳性患者潜在颅内病理的重要性。本病例报告显示，当伴有创伤性腰椎穿刺和高胆红素血症或脑脊液(csf)蛋白增加时，急性细菌性脑膜炎可能出现假阳性黄染色而无蛛网膜下腔出血(sah)。
{"title":"Cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia in acute bacterial meningitis as a red herring for subarachnoid haemorrhage: A case report","authors":"M.A. Adesokan, A. Akbari","doi":"10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.13","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a case that highlights the importance of excluding underlying intracranial pathology in a patient presenting with severe headache and positive xanthochromia. This case report demonstrated that false-positive xanthochromia without subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is possible in acute bacterial meningitis when there is a combination of traumatic lumbar puncture and either hyperbilirubinaemia or raised cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) protein. \u0000Cet article présente un cas qui met en évidence l'importance d'exclure une pathologie intracrânienne sous-jacente chez un patient présentant une céphalée sévère et une xanthochromie positive. Ce rapport de cas a démontré qu'une xanthochromie faussement positive sans hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne (HSA) est possible dans la méningite bactérienne aiguë lorsqu'il existe une combinaison de ponction lombaire traumatique et d'hyperbilirubinémie ou d'augmentation de la protéine du liquide céphalo-rachidien (LCR).","PeriodicalId":7415,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79224696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Musa-Booth, B. Adegboro, M. Babazhitsu, N. Medugu, S. Abayomi, O. Sanni, O. Ashiru
No abstract
没有抽象的
{"title":"Harness innovation to reduce the malaria disease burden and save lives","authors":"T. Musa-Booth, B. Adegboro, M. Babazhitsu, N. Medugu, S. Abayomi, O. Sanni, O. Ashiru","doi":"10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.14","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract","PeriodicalId":7415,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87051205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The emergence and high ascendancy of infections caused by extensively-drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) Enterobacterales isolates is a serious clinical and public health challenge. Isolation of PDR Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in clinical setting is very rare and rarer is the infection caused by XDR GNB. Apart from restricted therapeutic options, these infections are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Urgent studies to re-evaluate existing therapeutic options and research into new antibiotic molecules are desperately needed. The objectives of this study are to report the emergence of rarely encountered multidrug-resistant (MDR), difficult-to-threat, CRE infections in our hospital and investigate their molecular epidemiology.Methodology: This was a retrospective observational analysis of six patients with severe infections caused by XDR and PDR Enterobacterales isolates at Mubarak AL Kabeer Teaching Hospital, Jabriya, Kuwait, over a period of one and half years. The mechanisms of resistance in these isolates were then prospectively investigated by molecular characterization and genomic studies.Results: The majority of infections were caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (83.3%, 5/6) and one (16.6%) was caused by Escherichia coli. Three patients had bloodstream infection (BSI), one had both BSI and urinary tract infection (UTI), one had respiratory tract infection, and the last one had UTI. Two patients were infected with OXA-48 producers, one patient was infected with NDM-1 producer, one patient was infected with NDM-5 producer, one patient was infected with both NDM-1 and OXA-48 producer and the last patient was infected with both NDM-5 and OXA-181 producer. For definite treatment, all patients received combination therapy. The mortality rate was high (50.0%).Conclusion: The high mortality rate associated with XDR and PDR Enterobacterales infections and the limited antimicrobial options for treatment highlight the need for improved detection of these infections, identification of effective preventive measures, and development of novel agents with reliable clinical efficacy against them. Contexte: L'émergence et la montée en puissance des infections causées par des isolats d'entérobactéries ultrarésistantes (XDR) et pandrug-résistantes (PDR) constituent un sérieux défi clinique et de santé publique. L'isolement de bactéries Gram-négatives PDR (GNB) en milieu clinique est très rare et plus rare est l'infection causée par XDR GNB. En dehors des options thérapeutiques restreintes, ces infections sont associées à une augmentation de la mortalité et de la morbidité. Des études urgentes pour réévaluer les options thérapeutiques existantes et la recherche de nouvelles molécules antibiotiques sont désespérément nécessaires. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de signaler l'émergence d'infections à CRE multirésistantes (MDR), difficiles à menacer, rarement rencontrées dans notre hôpital et d'enquêter sur leur épidémi
{"title":"Emergence of nosocomial-acquired extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant Enterobacterales in a teaching hospital in Kuwait","authors":"A. Chadha, W. Jamal, V. Rotimi","doi":"10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The emergence and high ascendancy of infections caused by extensively-drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) Enterobacterales isolates is a serious clinical and public health challenge. Isolation of PDR Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in clinical setting is very rare and rarer is the infection caused by XDR GNB. Apart from restricted therapeutic options, these infections are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Urgent studies to re-evaluate existing therapeutic options and research into new antibiotic molecules are desperately needed. The objectives of this study are to report the emergence of rarely encountered multidrug-resistant (MDR), difficult-to-threat, CRE infections in our hospital and investigate their molecular epidemiology.Methodology: This was a retrospective observational analysis of six patients with severe infections caused by XDR and PDR Enterobacterales isolates at Mubarak AL Kabeer Teaching Hospital, Jabriya, Kuwait, over a period of one and half years. The mechanisms of resistance in these isolates were then prospectively investigated by molecular characterization and genomic studies.Results: The majority of infections were caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (83.3%, 5/6) and one (16.6%) was caused by Escherichia coli. Three patients had bloodstream infection (BSI), one had both BSI and urinary tract infection (UTI), one had respiratory tract infection, and the last one had UTI. Two patients were infected with OXA-48 producers, one patient was infected with NDM-1 producer, one patient was infected with NDM-5 producer, one patient was infected with both NDM-1 and OXA-48 producer and the last patient was infected with both NDM-5 and OXA-181 producer. For definite treatment, all patients received combination therapy. The mortality rate was high (50.0%).Conclusion: The high mortality rate associated with XDR and PDR Enterobacterales infections and the limited antimicrobial options for treatment highlight the need for improved detection of these infections, identification of effective preventive measures, and development of novel agents with reliable clinical efficacy against them. \u0000Contexte: L'émergence et la montée en puissance des infections causées par des isolats d'entérobactéries ultrarésistantes (XDR) et pandrug-résistantes (PDR) constituent un sérieux défi clinique et de santé publique. L'isolement de bactéries Gram-négatives PDR (GNB) en milieu clinique est très rare et plus rare est l'infection causée par XDR GNB. En dehors des options thérapeutiques restreintes, ces infections sont associées à une augmentation de la mortalité et de la morbidité. Des études urgentes pour réévaluer les options thérapeutiques existantes et la recherche de nouvelles molécules antibiotiques sont désespérément nécessaires. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de signaler l'émergence d'infections à CRE multirésistantes (MDR), difficiles à menacer, rarement rencontrées dans notre hôpital et d'enquêter sur leur épidémi","PeriodicalId":7415,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82344359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mobile phones are increasingly associated with the transmission of pathogenic microbial agents. In the clinical setting where there is usually high exposure to pathogens, these devices may serve as vehicles for the transmission/spread of pathogens. This study determined the prevalence of bacterial contamination of mobile phones of health workers and the predisposing factors, in order to ascertain the risk of transmission of pathogenic bacteria through mobile phones.Methodology: This study was carried out in a private medical center at Mbouda, Cameroon, involving 78 health workers including health professionals (nurses, physicians, laboratory scientists) and hospital support workers (cleaners, cashiers and security guards), recruited by convenient sampling. Sterile swab sticks moistened with physiological saline were used to swab about three quarter of the surface of each phone. The swabs were cultured on MacConkey and Mannitol Salt agar plates which were incubated aerobically at 37oC for 24 hours, while Chocolate agar plate was incubated in a candle extinction jar for microaerophilic condition. The isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests including catalase, coagulase, and the analytical profile index (API) system. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.Results: Mobile phones of 75 of the 78 (96.2%) health workers were contaminated, with highest contamination rates for the phones of laboratory scientists (100%, 12/12), followed by support staff (98.9%, 13/14), nurses (97.7%, 43/44) and physicians (87.3%, 7/8), but the difference in contamination rates was not statistically significant (p=0.349). A total of 112 bacteria belonging to 12 genera were isolated, with predominance of Staphylococcus aureus (31.3%, n=35), Micrococcus spp (30.4%, n=34), coagulase negative staphylococci (10.7%, n=12) and Pseudomonas spp (5.4%, n=6). The laboratory (18.8%, 21/112) and medical wards (16.1%, 18/112) had the highest bacterial contamination of mobile phones (p=0.041), and more bacterial species were isolated from smartphones (68.8%, n=77/112) than keypad phones (31.2%, n=35/112) (p=0.032). There was no significant difference between phone contamination rates and the practice of hand hygiene or decontamination of work surfaces (p>0.05).Conclusion: The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria on cell phones of health-care workers emphasizes the role of fomites in the transmission of infectious diseases. Consequently, good hand hygiene and decontamination practices are encouraged among health workers in order to limit the spread of hospital-acquired infections. Contexte: Les téléphones portables sont de plus en plus associés à la transmission d'agents microbiens pathogènes. Dans le cadre clinique où il y a généralement une forte exposition aux agents pathogènes, ces dispositifs peuvent servir de véhicules pour la propagation de la transmission des agents pathogènes. Cette étude a dét
背景:手机越来越多地与病原微生物的传播联系在一起。在通常高度暴露于病原体的临床环境中，这些装置可以作为病原体传播/传播的载体。本研究确定了卫生工作者手机受细菌污染的流行程度及其诱发因素，以确定致病菌通过手机传播的风险。方法:这项研究是在喀麦隆Mbouda的一家私人医疗中心进行的，涉及78名卫生工作者，包括卫生专业人员(护士、医生、实验室科学家)和医院支助工作人员(清洁工、收银员和保安)，通过方便抽样的方式招募。用生理盐水湿润的无菌棉签棒擦拭每个手机表面约四分之三的地方。将拭子培养在MacConkey和Mannitol Salt琼脂板上，37℃好氧培养24小时，而Chocolate琼脂板在蜡烛消光瓶中培养微氧条件。采用过氧化氢酶、凝固酶和分析谱指数(API)等标准生化试验对分离株进行鉴定。数据分析使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS) 20.0版本。结果:78名卫生工作者中有75人(96.2%)手机被污染，其中实验室科学家的手机污染率最高(100%，12/12)，其次是支持人员(98.9%，13/14)、护士(97.7%，43/44)和医生(87.3%，7/8)，但污染率差异无统计学意义(p=0.349)。共分离到12属112株细菌，以金黄色葡萄球菌(31.3%，n=35)、微球菌(30.4%，n=34)、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(10.7%，n=12)和假单胞菌(5.4%，n=6)占优势。实验室(18.8%，21/112)和病房(16.1%，18/112)对手机的细菌污染程度最高(p=0.041)，从智能手机中分离出的细菌种类(68.8%，n=77/112)多于从键盘手机中分离出的细菌种类(31.2%，n=35/112) (p=0.032)。手机污染率与手卫生和工作台面去污情况无显著差异(p>0.05)。结论:卫生保健工作者手机上潜在致病菌的存在强调了污染物在传染病传播中的作用。因此，鼓励卫生工作者采取良好的手部卫生和去污做法，以限制医院获得性感染的传播。背景:携带式电子烟的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带的电子烟携带。Dans le cadre clinique où将通过一个特定的<s:2>医疗器械和其他医疗器械，将不同的医疗器械和其他医疗器械结合起来，进行传播和传播。这个练习曲流行率确定la de la污染bacterienne des电话手持des代理德健康和莱斯影响predisposants, afin de限定词危险de传输de bacteries病原体par les电话本。3 .组织形式:喀麦隆姆布达，78名医务人员，包括医务人员(医务人员、医务人员、实验室科学家)和医务人员(医务人员、医务人员和医务人员)，招募人员(医务人员和医务人员)和医务人员(医务人员和医务人员)。在三个夸克的表面上，在两个夸克的表面上，在三个夸克的表面上，在三个夸克的表面上，在三个夸克的表面上，在三个夸克的表面上，有一个夸克的表面。将所有的变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体变异体。它是一种分离物，用于鉴定和分析生物化学标准、过氧化氢酶、凝固酶和指数谱分析系统(API)。社会科学统计软件包(SPSS) 20.0版。结果:Les电话手持75 des 78代理德桑特(96年2%)是contamines,用莱斯taux de污染Les + eleves倒电话des科学化de laboratoire (100%, 12/12), suivis par le人员de soutien(98年,9%,13/14),infirmieres(97年,7%,43/44)等组织(87年,3%,7/8),但是de taux de n是污染不是用的差异(p = 0349)。总共有112个明显的大肠杆菌，12个类型的大肠杆菌，其中1个为金黄色葡萄球菌(31.3%，n=35)，微球菌(30.4%，n=34)，葡萄球菌(10.7%，n=12)和假单胞菌(5.4%，n=6)。
{"title":"Mobile phones of hospital workers: a potential reservoir for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria","authors":"M. Bissong, M. Moukou","doi":"10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mobile phones are increasingly associated with the transmission of pathogenic microbial agents. In the clinical setting where there is usually high exposure to pathogens, these devices may serve as vehicles for the transmission/spread of pathogens. This study determined the prevalence of bacterial contamination of mobile phones of health workers and the predisposing factors, in order to ascertain the risk of transmission of pathogenic bacteria through mobile phones.Methodology: This study was carried out in a private medical center at Mbouda, Cameroon, involving 78 health workers including health professionals (nurses, physicians, laboratory scientists) and hospital support workers (cleaners, cashiers and security guards), recruited by convenient sampling. Sterile swab sticks moistened with physiological saline were used to swab about three quarter of the surface of each phone. The swabs were cultured on MacConkey and Mannitol Salt agar plates which were incubated aerobically at 37oC for 24 hours, while Chocolate agar plate was incubated in a candle extinction jar for microaerophilic condition. The isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests including catalase, coagulase, and the analytical profile index (API) system. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.Results: Mobile phones of 75 of the 78 (96.2%) health workers were contaminated, with highest contamination rates for the phones of laboratory scientists (100%, 12/12), followed by support staff (98.9%, 13/14), nurses (97.7%, 43/44) and physicians (87.3%, 7/8), but the difference in contamination rates was not statistically significant (p=0.349). A total of 112 bacteria belonging to 12 genera were isolated, with predominance of Staphylococcus aureus (31.3%, n=35), Micrococcus spp (30.4%, n=34), coagulase negative staphylococci (10.7%, n=12) and Pseudomonas spp (5.4%, n=6). The laboratory (18.8%, 21/112) and medical wards (16.1%, 18/112) had the highest bacterial contamination of mobile phones (p=0.041), and more bacterial species were isolated from smartphones (68.8%, n=77/112) than keypad phones (31.2%, n=35/112) (p=0.032). There was no significant difference between phone contamination rates and the practice of hand hygiene or decontamination of work surfaces (p>0.05).Conclusion: The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria on cell phones of health-care workers emphasizes the role of fomites in the transmission of infectious diseases. Consequently, good hand hygiene and decontamination practices are encouraged among health workers in order to limit the spread of hospital-acquired infections. \u0000Contexte: Les téléphones portables sont de plus en plus associés à la transmission d'agents microbiens pathogènes. Dans le cadre clinique où il y a généralement une forte exposition aux agents pathogènes, ces dispositifs peuvent servir de véhicules pour la propagation de la transmission des agents pathogènes. Cette étude a dét","PeriodicalId":7415,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86329240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Abdoulaye, B. Sidi Maman Bacha, N. Hama Aghali, I. Abdoulaye, M. Abdoulaye, G. Lo, A. Yacouba, S. Chaibou, D. Alhousseini Maiga, A. Biraima, M. L. Harouna Amadou, M. Doutchi, M.L. Bako Saley, S. Maman Sani Falissou, M. Moussa, S. Mamadou
Background: Today, bacterial resistance is a public health challenge throughout the world, and infections caused by resistant bacteria are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs. The objective of this descriptive study is to determine the prevalence and distribution of multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical bacteria isolates at the National Hospital of Zinder, Niger Republic in 2021.Methodology: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of in- and out-patients from whose clinical samples’ bacteria were isolated at the bacteriology unit of the laboratory. Bacteria were isolated from the clinical samples following standard aerobic cultures and identified using conventional biochemical test schemes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed by the agar disk diffusion technique, and categorization of the isolates into sensitive, intermediate or resistant was done according to the recommendations of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology (CA-SFM) 2020 version 1.2. MDR was defined as resistance to at least one antibiotic in three or more categories, while selected MDR bacteria such as ESBL was identified using double disk synergy test, and MRSA by cefoxitin disk diffusion test.Results: Seventy-seven (6.7%) bacterial species were isolated from 1153 clinical samples processed at the bacteriology unit of the hospital laboratory between June and December 2021, of which 65.0% (50/77) were members of the order Enterobacteriales. Escherichia coli represented 40.3% (40/77) of the isolated bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus 13.0% (10/77) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11.7% (9/77). The overall prevalence of MDR was 44.2% (34/77), including 61.8% (21/34) ESBL-producing Enterobacteriales (ESBL-E), 26.5% (9/34) multi-resistant P. aeruginosa and 11.7% (4/34) MRSA, with 67.6% (23/34) of the MDR isolates from outpatients. Resistance rates of the Enterobacteriales to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin and imipenem were 62.0%, 52.0%, 38.0% and 8.0% respectively. Resistance rates of P. aeruginosa were 100.0%, 88.9%, 77.8%, 33.3%, 22.2%, and 22.2% respectively to ceftazidime, ticarcillin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and amikacin. Resistance rates of S. aureus were 100.0%, 50.0%, 40.0%, 10.0%, 0% and 0% to penicillin G, erythromycin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, fusidic acid, and chloramphenicol respectively. ESBL-E were 47.6%, 85.7% and 0% resistant to amikacin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem, and MRSA resistance rates were 75.0%, 75.0%, 50.0% and 0% to erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol respectively.Conclusion: This study reports high prevalence of MDR bacteria, mainly ESBL-E, with concerning high resistance to carbapenem. Rational use of antibiotics and implementation of surveillance system for MDR bacteria must be implemented in order to limit the emergence and spread of MDR bacteria in Niger Republic. Contexte: Aujourd'hui, la résistance bactérienne est un défi de santé publ
{"title":"Profile of multidrug-resistant clinical bacterial isolates at the National Hospital of Zinder (NHZ), Niger Republic in 2021","authors":"O. Abdoulaye, B. Sidi Maman Bacha, N. Hama Aghali, I. Abdoulaye, M. Abdoulaye, G. Lo, A. Yacouba, S. Chaibou, D. Alhousseini Maiga, A. Biraima, M. L. Harouna Amadou, M. Doutchi, M.L. Bako Saley, S. Maman Sani Falissou, M. Moussa, S. Mamadou","doi":"10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Today, bacterial resistance is a public health challenge throughout the world, and infections caused by resistant bacteria are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs. The objective of this descriptive study is to determine the prevalence and distribution of multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical bacteria isolates at the National Hospital of Zinder, Niger Republic in 2021.Methodology: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of in- and out-patients from whose clinical samples’ bacteria were isolated at the bacteriology unit of the laboratory. Bacteria were isolated from the clinical samples following standard aerobic cultures and identified using conventional biochemical test schemes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed by the agar disk diffusion technique, and categorization of the isolates into sensitive, intermediate or resistant was done according to the recommendations of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology (CA-SFM) 2020 version 1.2. MDR was defined as resistance to at least one antibiotic in three or more categories, while selected MDR bacteria such as ESBL was identified using double disk synergy test, and MRSA by cefoxitin disk diffusion test.Results: Seventy-seven (6.7%) bacterial species were isolated from 1153 clinical samples processed at the bacteriology unit of the hospital laboratory between June and December 2021, of which 65.0% (50/77) were members of the order Enterobacteriales. Escherichia coli represented 40.3% (40/77) of the isolated bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus 13.0% (10/77) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11.7% (9/77). The overall prevalence of MDR was 44.2% (34/77), including 61.8% (21/34) ESBL-producing Enterobacteriales (ESBL-E), 26.5% (9/34) multi-resistant P. aeruginosa and 11.7% (4/34) MRSA, with 67.6% (23/34) of the MDR isolates from outpatients. Resistance rates of the Enterobacteriales to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin and imipenem were 62.0%, 52.0%, 38.0% and 8.0% respectively. Resistance rates of P. aeruginosa were 100.0%, 88.9%, 77.8%, 33.3%, 22.2%, and 22.2% respectively to ceftazidime, ticarcillin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and amikacin. Resistance rates of S. aureus were 100.0%, 50.0%, 40.0%, 10.0%, 0% and 0% to penicillin G, erythromycin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, fusidic acid, and chloramphenicol respectively. ESBL-E were 47.6%, 85.7% and 0% resistant to amikacin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem, and MRSA resistance rates were 75.0%, 75.0%, 50.0% and 0% to erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol respectively.Conclusion: This study reports high prevalence of MDR bacteria, mainly ESBL-E, with concerning high resistance to carbapenem. Rational use of antibiotics and implementation of surveillance system for MDR bacteria must be implemented in order to limit the emergence and spread of MDR bacteria in Niger Republic. \u0000Contexte: Aujourd'hui, la résistance bactérienne est un défi de santé publ","PeriodicalId":7415,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77605760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bello, A. Houkpevi, S. Zackari, A. Tapsoba, A. Zouré, P. Ilboudo, A. Ouattara, L. Traoré, M. Belemgnegre, T. Zohoncon
Background: Dengue is still a public health problem in tropical countries. This disease, which had almost disappeared in some areas of the world, has become re-emergent in certain parts of the world including Africa. The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence and evolution of Dengue virus (DENV) infection from 2020 to 2021 at the Hospital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou (HOSCO), Burkina Faso.Methodology: This was a descriptive analytical study of patients seen in general practice with febrile syndrome referred for serological diagnosis of Dengue at the HOSCO laboratory over a period of 2 years (January 1, 2020 – December 31, 2021). The "Dengue Duo (AgNS1/IgM/IgG)" kit from SD Bioline was used for the rapid diagnosis through the detection of NS1 antigen and IgM/IgG antibodies in plasma. Data were analysed with SPSS version 20.0 software. Association between demographic data and prevalence of DENV infection was determined by Chi square test and odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval). P value less than 0.05 was considered statistical significance.Results: A total of 2957 patients aged 0-94 years were referred for serological diagnosis of DENV infection at the HOSCO laboratory over the period 2020-2021, comprising 56.3% females and 43.7% males. The overall prevalence of acute DENV infection (NS1Ag positive) was 5.4% (159/2957), with 2.4% (41/1700) in 2020 and 9.4% (118/1257) in 2021 (OR=4.192, 95% CI=2.915-6.028, p<0.0001). The prevalence of acute DENV infection of 7.0% (91/1292) in the males was significantly higher than 4.1% (68/1665) in the females (OR=1.779, 95% CI=1.288-2.458, p=0.0005), and also significantly higher in age groups 20-29 years (7.6%), 10-19 years (6.9%) and 40-49 years (5.8%) than other age groups (X2=14.928, p=0.0107). The overall prevalence of DENV IgM and IgG antibodies was 3.2% and 37.3% respectively. The prevalence of DENV IgG antibodies was significantly higher in males (44.0%) than females (32.1%) (OR=1.667, 95%CI=1.434-1.938, p<0.0001) and in age groups 30-39 (43.4%), 40-49 (44.0%) and >50 years (49.3%) than other age groups (X2=121.0, p<0.0001), indicating that past exposure to DENV infection is higher among males and older age groups. The peak of DENV infection was between October and November with 84.3% (134/159) of NS1Ag positivity occurring during this period.Conclusion: The present study reports a high prevalence of acute Dengue virus infection in patients from October to November. To eradicate Dengue which has become a tropical silent epidemic, interventions such as vector control, availability of and accessibility to diagnostic tests, and good therapeutic management are of great importance. Contexte: La dengue reste un problème de santé publique dans les pays tropicaux. Cette maladie, qui avait quasiment disparu dans certaines régions du monde, est devenue ré-émergente dans certaines parties du monde dont l'Afrique. Le but de cette étude est de déterminer la séroprévalence et l'évolution de l'infec
背景:登革热仍然是热带国家的一个公共卫生问题。这种疾病在世界某些地区几乎已经消失，但在包括非洲在内的世界某些地区又重新出现。本研究的目的是确定布基纳法索圣卡米尔瓦加杜古医院(HOSCO) 2020年至2021年登革热病毒(DENV)感染的血清阳性率和演变情况。方法:这是一项描述性分析研究，在HOSCO实验室进行了2年(2020年1月1日至2021年12月31日)的登革热血清学诊断的发热综合征全科患者。采用SD Bioline公司的“登革热双雄(AgNS1/IgM/IgG)”试剂盒，通过检测血浆中NS1抗原和IgM/IgG抗体进行快速诊断。采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行分析。人口统计数据与DENV感染流行率之间的相关性通过卡方检验和优势比(95%置信区间)确定。P值小于0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:2020-2021年期间，共有2957例0-94岁的患者在HOSCO实验室进行了DENV感染的血清学诊断，其中女性占56.3%，男性占43.7%。急性DENV感染的总发病率(NS1Ag积极)为5.4%(159/2957),2.4%(41/1700),2020年为9.4%(118/1257)在2021年(或= 4.192,95% CI = 2.915 - -6.028, p50年(49.3%)比其他年龄组(X2 = 121.0, p 50 ans(49岁,3%),变量的小组d年龄(X2 = 121, 0, p < 0, 0001),这indique l 'exposition anterieure l 'infection par le DENV est + elevee在les hommes et的小组d年龄+年龄。2010年10月至11月间，登革热病毒感染病例平均84.3%(134/159)在感染过程中呈NS1Ag阳性。结论:2013年10月至2015年11月，在登革热病例中，有1例患者感染了登革热病毒。将病毒携带者携带者与病毒携带者与热带病毒携带者进行比较，将病毒携带者与热带病毒携带者进行比较，将干预措施与抗病毒携带者进行比较，将可获得性与可获得性进行比较，将诊断试验与疾病进行比较，将病毒携带者与病毒携带者进行比较，将病毒携带者与病毒携带者进行比较。
{"title":"Epidemiology of Dengue in patients with febrile syndrome at Saint Camille Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso from 2020 to 2021","authors":"S. Bello, A. Houkpevi, S. Zackari, A. Tapsoba, A. Zouré, P. Ilboudo, A. Ouattara, L. Traoré, M. Belemgnegre, T. Zohoncon","doi":"10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue is still a public health problem in tropical countries. This disease, which had almost disappeared in some areas of the world, has become re-emergent in certain parts of the world including Africa. The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence and evolution of Dengue virus (DENV) infection from 2020 to 2021 at the Hospital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou (HOSCO), Burkina Faso.Methodology: This was a descriptive analytical study of patients seen in general practice with febrile syndrome referred for serological diagnosis of Dengue at the HOSCO laboratory over a period of 2 years (January 1, 2020 – December 31, 2021). The \"Dengue Duo (AgNS1/IgM/IgG)\" kit from SD Bioline was used for the rapid diagnosis through the detection of NS1 antigen and IgM/IgG antibodies in plasma. Data were analysed with SPSS version 20.0 software. Association between demographic data and prevalence of DENV infection was determined by Chi square test and odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval). P value less than 0.05 was considered statistical significance.Results: A total of 2957 patients aged 0-94 years were referred for serological diagnosis of DENV infection at the HOSCO laboratory over the period 2020-2021, comprising 56.3% females and 43.7% males. The overall prevalence of acute DENV infection (NS1Ag positive) was 5.4% (159/2957), with 2.4% (41/1700) in 2020 and 9.4% (118/1257) in 2021 (OR=4.192, 95% CI=2.915-6.028, p<0.0001). The prevalence of acute DENV infection of 7.0% (91/1292) in the males was significantly higher than 4.1% (68/1665) in the females (OR=1.779, 95% CI=1.288-2.458, p=0.0005), and also significantly higher in age groups 20-29 years (7.6%), 10-19 years (6.9%) and 40-49 years (5.8%) than other age groups (X2=14.928, p=0.0107). The overall prevalence of DENV IgM and IgG antibodies was 3.2% and 37.3% respectively. The prevalence of DENV IgG antibodies was significantly higher in males (44.0%) than females (32.1%) (OR=1.667, 95%CI=1.434-1.938, p<0.0001) and in age groups 30-39 (43.4%), 40-49 (44.0%) and >50 years (49.3%) than other age groups (X2=121.0, p<0.0001), indicating that past exposure to DENV infection is higher among males and older age groups. The peak of DENV infection was between October and November with 84.3% (134/159) of NS1Ag positivity occurring during this period.Conclusion: The present study reports a high prevalence of acute Dengue virus infection in patients from October to November. To eradicate Dengue which has become a tropical silent epidemic, interventions such as vector control, availability of and accessibility to diagnostic tests, and good therapeutic management are of great importance. Contexte: La dengue reste un problème de santé publique dans les pays tropicaux. Cette maladie, qui avait quasiment disparu dans certaines régions du monde, est devenue ré-émergente dans certaines parties du monde dont l'Afrique. Le but de cette étude est de déterminer la séroprévalence et l'évolution de l'infec","PeriodicalId":7415,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology","volume":"4 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91425937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：