Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/pbs.20220902114034
Serdar Atik, A. Bolu, I. Gundogmus, O. Uzun
Objective: The aim of this study was to learn the current and former treatment regimens of patients with schizophrenia, and to examine the suitability of treatment period to international treatment guidelines. Methods: This naturalistic and retrospective study included 315 cases who applied to the psychiatry clinic and met the diagnosis criteria for schizophrenia according to the DSM-5. The severity of disease was evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale(CGI). The current and former treatment approaches were examined according to the recommendations of international treatment guidelines(NICE, APA, TMAP). Results: Considering the current treatments of the patients, the rate of antipsychotic monotherapy was 69.5%, the usage rate of long-acting antipsychotic was 41.9% and the rate of clozapine treatment was 11.4%. Of the patients with sufficient information about their history of treatment, 70.62% were found to have treatment approaches compatible with international treatment guidelines. It was found that CGI, PANSS negative and PANSS total scores of those with a treatment regime compatible with the treatment algorithm were significantly lower. Conclusion: It is necessary to have sufficient information about the medical history of patients to plan a rational, safe and effective treatment compatible with the treatment guidelines. Regular patient follow-up in a certain center significantly contributes to learning the necessary patient data. It was found in the evaluations that treatment approaches compatible with the guidelines have a positive effect on the severity of disease.
{"title":"The Effects of Treatment Regimens in Accordance with International Guidelines Among Turkish Patients with Schizophrenia: A Single-Center Naturalistic Observation Study","authors":"Serdar Atik, A. Bolu, I. Gundogmus, O. Uzun","doi":"10.5455/pbs.20220902114034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pbs.20220902114034","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to learn the current and former treatment regimens of patients with schizophrenia, and to examine the suitability of treatment period to international treatment guidelines. Methods: This naturalistic and retrospective study included 315 cases who applied to the psychiatry clinic and met the diagnosis criteria for schizophrenia according to the DSM-5. The severity of disease was evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale(CGI). The current and former treatment approaches were examined according to the recommendations of international treatment guidelines(NICE, APA, TMAP). Results: Considering the current treatments of the patients, the rate of antipsychotic monotherapy was 69.5%, the usage rate of long-acting antipsychotic was 41.9% and the rate of clozapine treatment was 11.4%. Of the patients with sufficient information about their history of treatment, 70.62% were found to have treatment approaches compatible with international treatment guidelines. It was found that CGI, PANSS negative and PANSS total scores of those with a treatment regime compatible with the treatment algorithm were significantly lower. Conclusion: It is necessary to have sufficient information about the medical history of patients to plan a rational, safe and effective treatment compatible with the treatment guidelines. Regular patient follow-up in a certain center significantly contributes to learning the necessary patient data. It was found in the evaluations that treatment approaches compatible with the guidelines have a positive effect on the severity of disease.","PeriodicalId":74168,"journal":{"name":"MedPress psychiatry and behavioral sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84993729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/pbs.20230512053548
Omer Alkan, Kubra Kavalci
Mental health is seen as the most basic condition for a good quality of life. Those with a high level of happiness are believed to be healthier and more successful in interpersonal relationships. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the happiness levels of women and men in Türkiye during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the microdata set obtained from the Life Satisfaction Survey conducted by TURKSTAT in 2020 was utilized. Using generalized ordered logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with the happiness levels of men and women were determined. According to the study’s findings, factors such as age, marital status, level of education, source of happiness (individual), general satisfaction level, level of satisfaction with health, and level of hope for the future are related to the happiness levels of women and men. In the study, it was determined that the importance and effect of the variables vary according to the happiness levels of men and women. It was revealed that employment status and household income were solely associated with the probability of being very happy/happy among men. It was determined that the happiness source (what) and household size variables were only associated with the probability of women being very happy/happy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it may be advantageous to implement initiatives that increase the level of happiness for men and women, strengthen emotional support, and provide better health care.
{"title":"Gender differences in happiness during COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Türkiye","authors":"Omer Alkan, Kubra Kavalci","doi":"10.5455/pbs.20230512053548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pbs.20230512053548","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health is seen as the most basic condition for a good quality of life. Those with a high level of happiness are believed to be healthier and more successful in interpersonal relationships. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the happiness levels of women and men in Türkiye during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the microdata set obtained from the Life Satisfaction Survey conducted by TURKSTAT in 2020 was utilized. Using generalized ordered logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with the happiness levels of men and women were determined. According to the study’s findings, factors such as age, marital status, level of education, source of happiness (individual), general satisfaction level, level of satisfaction with health, and level of hope for the future are related to the happiness levels of women and men. In the study, it was determined that the importance and effect of the variables vary according to the happiness levels of men and women. It was revealed that employment status and household income were solely associated with the probability of being very happy/happy among men. It was determined that the happiness source (what) and household size variables were only associated with the probability of women being very happy/happy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it may be advantageous to implement initiatives that increase the level of happiness for men and women, strengthen emotional support, and provide better health care.","PeriodicalId":74168,"journal":{"name":"MedPress psychiatry and behavioral sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/pbs.20220728103051
D. Miniksar, A. Gocmen
Objective: Data on effects of vitamins, hormones and neurotrophic factors on the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in children is limited. We hypothesized that serum vitamin D, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), leptin, and leptin receptor levels are different in these patients, and that aforementioned biomarkers may affect symptom severity and risk of suicide. Methods: This study included 33 ADHD, 29 MDD patients and 35 healthy controls. The Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) was used to assess the severity of ADHD, while Children Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) were used to measure the severity of depression and suicide risk in the MDD group. Serum vitamin D, BDNF, leptin, and leptin receptor levels were measured from participants’ venous blood samples. Results: Vitamin D and leptin receptor levels were significantly higher in the control group than in the patient groups, and leptin levels were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the MDD and control groups. There was no difference between the groups in terms of BDNF levels. No significant correlations between ADHD duration, subtype, severity, depression severity, suicide risk, and vitamin D, BDNF, leptin, and leptin receptor levels were found. Conclusion: Although current research supports that BDNF, vitamin D, leptin, and leptin receptor levels may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of MDD and ADHD, large-scale studies are needed to better evaluate the effects of these factors.
{"title":"Comparison of Leptin, Leptin Receptor, Vitamin D and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Major Depressive Disorder and Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents","authors":"D. Miniksar, A. Gocmen","doi":"10.5455/pbs.20220728103051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pbs.20220728103051","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Data on effects of vitamins, hormones and neurotrophic factors on the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in children is limited. We hypothesized that serum vitamin D, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), leptin, and leptin receptor levels are different in these patients, and that aforementioned biomarkers may affect symptom severity and risk of suicide. Methods: This study included 33 ADHD, 29 MDD patients and 35 healthy controls. The Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) was used to assess the severity of ADHD, while Children Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) were used to measure the severity of depression and suicide risk in the MDD group. Serum vitamin D, BDNF, leptin, and leptin receptor levels were measured from participants’ venous blood samples. Results: Vitamin D and leptin receptor levels were significantly higher in the control group than in the patient groups, and leptin levels were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the MDD and control groups. There was no difference between the groups in terms of BDNF levels. No significant correlations between ADHD duration, subtype, severity, depression severity, suicide risk, and vitamin D, BDNF, leptin, and leptin receptor levels were found. Conclusion: Although current research supports that BDNF, vitamin D, leptin, and leptin receptor levels may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of MDD and ADHD, large-scale studies are needed to better evaluate the effects of these factors.","PeriodicalId":74168,"journal":{"name":"MedPress psychiatry and behavioral sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78554580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In the age of information and technology, social media platforms are popularly used to connect with others virtually. With this increasing participation in the digital world, social networking sites have become an increasingly popular activity, especially among adults. Share social media platforms with people, message, conversation, picture, video, etc. widely used to share. Although social media tools are used in many areas of daily life, their excessive use negatively affects mental health. This study aimed to reveal the mediating effect of adult individuals' stress coping strategies between happiness and social media addiction. Methods: The study group participated in the study voluntarily. We obtained a consent form from these participants stating that they voluntarily participated in the study. They left the study whenever they wanted while filling out the forms. Filling out the forms took about 25 minutes. The study’s sample group consists of 924 adult individuals aged between 18 and 68 living in Erzurum. Depression-Happiness Scale Short Form, Perceived Stress Scale, and Social Media Addiction Scale were used in the study. We used SPSS-22 and AMOS-21 programs for data analysis. Results: The results show that there are low levels of negative associations between happiness and coping strategies and social media addiction. In addition, the results reveal that strategies for coping with stress mediate the relationship between happiness and social media addiction. Conclusion: Based on the findings, coping with stress can effectively reduce individuals' social media addiction. Studies are needed to help prevent problematic social media use and help users better control the time they spend on social media. There is a greater need for awareness programs to raise awareness among adults about responsible use of social media. Personality variables such as happiness and coping with stress should be taken into account, especially by mental health professionals, during the design and implementation of these programs. In addition, apart from this study, which deals with the effects of happiness and coping with stress on problematic social media use, other different studies should conduct more in-depth research to reveal the effects of personal and social characteristics in more detail.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Happiness and Social Media Addiction: Coping with Perceived Stress as a Mediator","authors":"Yuksel Eroglu, Serkan Cengiz, Adem Peker, Melike Yildiz","doi":"10.5455/pbs.20221229055938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pbs.20221229055938","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In the age of information and technology, social media platforms are popularly used to connect with others virtually. With this increasing participation in the digital world, social networking sites have become an increasingly popular activity, especially among adults. Share social media platforms with people, message, conversation, picture, video, etc. widely used to share. Although social media tools are used in many areas of daily life, their excessive use negatively affects mental health. This study aimed to reveal the mediating effect of adult individuals' stress coping strategies between happiness and social media addiction. Methods: The study group participated in the study voluntarily. We obtained a consent form from these participants stating that they voluntarily participated in the study. They left the study whenever they wanted while filling out the forms. Filling out the forms took about 25 minutes. The study’s sample group consists of 924 adult individuals aged between 18 and 68 living in Erzurum. Depression-Happiness Scale Short Form, Perceived Stress Scale, and Social Media Addiction Scale were used in the study. We used SPSS-22 and AMOS-21 programs for data analysis. Results: The results show that there are low levels of negative associations between happiness and coping strategies and social media addiction. In addition, the results reveal that strategies for coping with stress mediate the relationship between happiness and social media addiction. Conclusion: Based on the findings, coping with stress can effectively reduce individuals' social media addiction. Studies are needed to help prevent problematic social media use and help users better control the time they spend on social media. There is a greater need for awareness programs to raise awareness among adults about responsible use of social media. Personality variables such as happiness and coping with stress should be taken into account, especially by mental health professionals, during the design and implementation of these programs. In addition, apart from this study, which deals with the effects of happiness and coping with stress on problematic social media use, other different studies should conduct more in-depth research to reveal the effects of personal and social characteristics in more detail.","PeriodicalId":74168,"journal":{"name":"MedPress psychiatry and behavioral sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. Impulsive features play a role in the etiology, symptomatology and clinical presentation of OCD. α-synuclein which plays a role in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission has been shown to be effective in impulse control. The aim of this study is to examine the levels of α-synuclein, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), dopamine, dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in OCD. Methods: Twenty-six OCD patients and age-gender matched 23 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Biochemical parameters were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Patients were evaluated with Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) and Dimensional Obsession Compulsion Scale (DOCS). Results: Compared with the controls, significant reduction of 5-HT, dopamine and DBH levels while significant increase of α-synuclein, HVA and HSP70 levels was found in patients with OCD. Moreover, α-synuclein levels were significantly negatively correlated with 5-HT, dopamine and DBH, while significantly positively correlated with HVA, 5-HIAA and HSP70. HTR and dopamine levels were found to be associated with the subscale of BIS. Dopamine and DBH levels were found to be associated with the subscale of DOCS. Conclusions: It may be suggested that α-synuclein is associated with dopaminergic and serotinergic pathways, and may provide important contributions for elucidating the etiology of OCD. It can be suggested that the effect of dopamine is more than 5-HT, based on the fact that not only dopamine but also DBH is correlated with OCD symptoms.
{"title":"Investigation of the Relationship of Serotonin, Dopamine and Their Metabolites with α -Synuclein in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder","authors":"Ihsan Cetin, Huseyin Kayadibi, Ece Yazla, Unsal Aydinoglu","doi":"10.5455/pbs.20230228062622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pbs.20230228062622","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. Impulsive features play a role in the etiology, symptomatology and clinical presentation of OCD. α-synuclein which plays a role in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission has been shown to be effective in impulse control. The aim of this study is to examine the levels of α-synuclein, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), dopamine, dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in OCD. Methods: Twenty-six OCD patients and age-gender matched 23 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Biochemical parameters were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Patients were evaluated with Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) and Dimensional Obsession Compulsion Scale (DOCS). Results: Compared with the controls, significant reduction of 5-HT, dopamine and DBH levels while significant increase of α-synuclein, HVA and HSP70 levels was found in patients with OCD. Moreover, α-synuclein levels were significantly negatively correlated with 5-HT, dopamine and DBH, while significantly positively correlated with HVA, 5-HIAA and HSP70. HTR and dopamine levels were found to be associated with the subscale of BIS. Dopamine and DBH levels were found to be associated with the subscale of DOCS. Conclusions: It may be suggested that α-synuclein is associated with dopaminergic and serotinergic pathways, and may provide important contributions for elucidating the etiology of OCD. It can be suggested that the effect of dopamine is more than 5-HT, based on the fact that not only dopamine but also DBH is correlated with OCD symptoms.","PeriodicalId":74168,"journal":{"name":"MedPress psychiatry and behavioral sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/pbs.20230109081332
A. Gormez, R. Elbay, Ertugrul Saral, Bahtiyar Ozer, M. Karadere
Objectives: Grazing behaviour which is defined as repetitive and unplanned eating behaviour with small amounts of food over a period of time , has been increasingly recognised among people with obesity and eating disorders, as well as in the general population The Repetitive Eating Questionnaire (Rep(eat)-Q) is a 12 item self-report scale which was designed to measure the grazing behaviour. It demonstrating a compulsive and non-compulsive forms of grazing in previous studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version Rep(eat)-Q in a community sample from Turkey. Method: Permission was taken from the designer of the measure . Ethical approval was granted from the local ethic Committee. The Turkish version was developed by translation and back-translation and the opinion from the local experts were obtained. The Rep(eat)-Q along with a purpose-designed socio-demographic form and other self-report measures (SCOFF eating questionnaire,, Yale Food Addiction Scale, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire ) were administered online to 263 of people from a convenient sample using a snowball technique. Internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity were calculated. Confirmatory factor analyses were also conducted for the factor structure. Results: The mean age of participants were 34.4 with 77.2 % female and mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.7. As in the original scale, the fit of the two-factor structure (compulsive grazing and repetitive eating) was analysed by Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA showed that the Turkish version had a two-dimensional structure as with the original form and indicated good fit (ε2 = 122, df = 48, ε2 / df = 0.77; RMSEA = 0.973; CFI = 0.962; TLI = 0.981; SRMR = 0.028). In our study, positive and moderately significant correlation between BMI and Rep(eat)-Q compulsive subscale was found; no significant correlation was found between the repetitive subscale and the BMI (r= 0.156; p=0.07). The Rep(eat)-Q scales showed excellent internal consistency both for the whole scale and the two subscales (total score Cronbach's alpha 0.947; compulsive grazing Cronbach's alpha 0.931; repetitive eating Cronbach's alpha 0.916). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that Turkish version of Rep(eat)-Q seems to be a valid and reliable tool in assessing grazing behaviour in a non-clinical Turkish sample . It also confirmed the proposed two factor structure ( compulsive and non-compulsive) supporting the two subtypes of grazing behaviour.. Further studies are needed to assess its validity and reliability in clinical subgroups.
{"title":"Repetitive Eating Questionnaire: Reliability and Validity of Turkish Version and Correlates of Grazing Behavior","authors":"A. Gormez, R. Elbay, Ertugrul Saral, Bahtiyar Ozer, M. Karadere","doi":"10.5455/pbs.20230109081332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pbs.20230109081332","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Grazing behaviour which is defined as repetitive and unplanned eating behaviour with small amounts of food over a period of time , has been increasingly recognised among people with obesity and eating disorders, as well as in the general population The Repetitive Eating Questionnaire (Rep(eat)-Q) is a 12 item self-report scale which was designed to measure the grazing behaviour. It demonstrating a compulsive and non-compulsive forms of grazing in previous studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version Rep(eat)-Q in a community sample from Turkey. Method: Permission was taken from the designer of the measure . Ethical approval was granted from the local ethic Committee. The Turkish version was developed by translation and back-translation and the opinion from the local experts were obtained. The Rep(eat)-Q along with a purpose-designed socio-demographic form and other self-report measures (SCOFF eating questionnaire,, Yale Food Addiction Scale, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire ) were administered online to 263 of people from a convenient sample using a snowball technique. Internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity were calculated. Confirmatory factor analyses were also conducted for the factor structure. Results: The mean age of participants were 34.4 with 77.2 % female and mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.7. As in the original scale, the fit of the two-factor structure (compulsive grazing and repetitive eating) was analysed by Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA showed that the Turkish version had a two-dimensional structure as with the original form and indicated good fit (ε2 = 122, df = 48, ε2 / df = 0.77; RMSEA = 0.973; CFI = 0.962; TLI = 0.981; SRMR = 0.028). In our study, positive and moderately significant correlation between BMI and Rep(eat)-Q compulsive subscale was found; no significant correlation was found between the repetitive subscale and the BMI (r= 0.156; p=0.07). The Rep(eat)-Q scales showed excellent internal consistency both for the whole scale and the two subscales (total score Cronbach's alpha 0.947; compulsive grazing Cronbach's alpha 0.931; repetitive eating Cronbach's alpha 0.916). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that Turkish version of Rep(eat)-Q seems to be a valid and reliable tool in assessing grazing behaviour in a non-clinical Turkish sample . It also confirmed the proposed two factor structure ( compulsive and non-compulsive) supporting the two subtypes of grazing behaviour.. Further studies are needed to assess its validity and reliability in clinical subgroups.","PeriodicalId":74168,"journal":{"name":"MedPress psychiatry and behavioral sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85872434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/pbs.20230217061852
S. Kiraz, Meltem uroglu, P. Svrikaya, Ç. Hocaoğlu
Psychiatric disorders are very common all over the world, cause significant disability, and impose a heavy burden on both the individual and the society due to the loss of workforce. Unlike other diseases, phenomenological structure is still used in the diagnosis of mental disorders. The etiology of psychiatric disorders is not fully known. Because of this situation, treatment for the etiology cannot be performed. Treatment of psychiatric disorders differs from person to person, according to genetic characteristics. Existing treatment approaches take time to take effect, and resistance and unresponsiveness to treatment constitute serious problems in a significant portion of patients. Understanding the etiology and psychopathological processes of mental disorders is extremely important in terms of developing new treatment strategies. The number of studies aimed at understanding the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders is increasing rapidly. New pharmacological approaches in the treatment of obesity, delirium and sleep disorders, which have come to the fore in this field in recent years, have created excitement. Studies examining the effects of naltrexone/bupropion and phentermine/topiramate extended-release forms in the treatment of obesity are promising. Similarly, it is interesting to suggest that dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha 2 adrenergic agonist agent, may be a suitable option for the treatment of delirium. One of the promising psychopharmacological treatment approaches in recent years is the use of Orexin Receptor Antagonists (ORAs) in the treatment of insomnia. It has the potential to revolutionize the pharmacological treatment of insomnia. In this article, it is aimed to contribute to the literature by reviewing studies on current and new pharmacological treatment approaches in the treatment of obesity, delirium and insomnia.
{"title":"New Hopes in Psychopharmacology","authors":"S. Kiraz, Meltem uroglu, P. Svrikaya, Ç. Hocaoğlu","doi":"10.5455/pbs.20230217061852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pbs.20230217061852","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatric disorders are very common all over the world, cause significant disability, and impose a heavy burden on both the individual and the society due to the loss of workforce. Unlike other diseases, phenomenological structure is still used in the diagnosis of mental disorders. The etiology of psychiatric disorders is not fully known. Because of this situation, treatment for the etiology cannot be performed. Treatment of psychiatric disorders differs from person to person, according to genetic characteristics. Existing treatment approaches take time to take effect, and resistance and unresponsiveness to treatment constitute serious problems in a significant portion of patients. Understanding the etiology and psychopathological processes of mental disorders is extremely important in terms of developing new treatment strategies. The number of studies aimed at understanding the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders is increasing rapidly. New pharmacological approaches in the treatment of obesity, delirium and sleep disorders, which have come to the fore in this field in recent years, have created excitement. Studies examining the effects of naltrexone/bupropion and phentermine/topiramate extended-release forms in the treatment of obesity are promising. Similarly, it is interesting to suggest that dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha 2 adrenergic agonist agent, may be a suitable option for the treatment of delirium. One of the promising psychopharmacological treatment approaches in recent years is the use of Orexin Receptor Antagonists (ORAs) in the treatment of insomnia. It has the potential to revolutionize the pharmacological treatment of insomnia. In this article, it is aimed to contribute to the literature by reviewing studies on current and new pharmacological treatment approaches in the treatment of obesity, delirium and insomnia.","PeriodicalId":74168,"journal":{"name":"MedPress psychiatry and behavioral sciences","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82084561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/pbs.20230213045240
Selma Kizilpinar, Gulbahar Bastug, Erguvan Kizil
Objective: The assessment of premorbid intelligence and adjustment/functioning in schizophrenia is quite important for clinical evaluation. Several methods can be used to estimate premorbid functioning. However, these methods may be affected by retrospective bias, verbal skills, and the disorder itself. This study aimed to investigate whether the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices Test (RSPM) performance is related to premorbid intelligence/functioning, or adjustment in schizophrenia. Methods: Schizophrenia patients (n=31) and healthy controls (n=30) were included in the study. The Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSPS) were applied to patients with schizophrenia, while the WAIS-R and the RSPM were applied to all participants. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of age, sex, and total years of education (p=0.86, p=0.06 and p=0.10, respectively). Healthy controls performed significantly better than the patient group in terms of intellectual abilities as measured by the RSPM and the WAIS-R. The RSPM performance was correlated with all WAIS-R scores, total years of education, and the academic subscale of the PAS, while it was not correlated with the PAS-developmental scores or the PSPS and PANSS scores of patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: The results of the study support the validity of the RSPM which is an easily applied tool that is not affected by verbal skills as a good measure of premorbid intelligence, and adjustment/ functionality in patients with schizophrenia.
{"title":"The Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices Performance is Associated with Premorbid Intelligence, Functioning or Adjustment in Patients with Schizophrenia","authors":"Selma Kizilpinar, Gulbahar Bastug, Erguvan Kizil","doi":"10.5455/pbs.20230213045240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pbs.20230213045240","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The assessment of premorbid intelligence and adjustment/functioning in schizophrenia is quite important for clinical evaluation. Several methods can be used to estimate premorbid functioning. However, these methods may be affected by retrospective bias, verbal skills, and the disorder itself. This study aimed to investigate whether the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices Test (RSPM) performance is related to premorbid intelligence/functioning, or adjustment in schizophrenia. Methods: Schizophrenia patients (n=31) and healthy controls (n=30) were included in the study. The Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSPS) were applied to patients with schizophrenia, while the WAIS-R and the RSPM were applied to all participants. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of age, sex, and total years of education (p=0.86, p=0.06 and p=0.10, respectively). Healthy controls performed significantly better than the patient group in terms of intellectual abilities as measured by the RSPM and the WAIS-R. The RSPM performance was correlated with all WAIS-R scores, total years of education, and the academic subscale of the PAS, while it was not correlated with the PAS-developmental scores or the PSPS and PANSS scores of patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: The results of the study support the validity of the RSPM which is an easily applied tool that is not affected by verbal skills as a good measure of premorbid intelligence, and adjustment/ functionality in patients with schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":74168,"journal":{"name":"MedPress psychiatry and behavioral sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/pbs.20211205105803
Mustafa Kurtoğlu, S. Basgul
Abstract Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) occurs in social environment or performance conditions, is characterized by the fear of being negatively evaluated or showing symptoms of anxiety and usually causes avoidance behavior. It is known that that changing negative thoughts and producing alternative thoughts have an important place in the treatment of social anxiety disorder. In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, the focus is mainly on the person's negative thoughts about himself. Group Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBGT) is frequently used therapy model in anxiety disorders, including social anxiety. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of CBGT on the social anxiety levels of university students with SAD, as well as on their ruminative thinking and self-compassion. Methods: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale was applied to 1200 students. 30 university students who had highest social anxiety levels were selected. The selected students were assigned to the experimental and placebo groups. CBGT was applied to the experimental group, and communication-based group therapy was applied to the placebo group. Results: There is a significant difference between pretest and posttest of the LSF and rumination levels of the experimental group. In addition, LFS and rumination post-test levels were found to differ significantly according to the group. There was no significant difference in self-compassion levels. Conclusion: The social anxiety and ruminative thinking levels of the students with social anxiety disorder who were applied cognitive behavioral group therapy decreased. No change was observed in the self-compassion levels of the individuals.
{"title":"The Effects of Group Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Self-Compassion, Social Anxiety and Ruminative Thought Style of Turkish Youth Transitional Age: A Controlled Study on University Students","authors":"Mustafa Kurtoğlu, S. Basgul","doi":"10.5455/pbs.20211205105803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pbs.20211205105803","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) occurs in social environment or performance conditions, is characterized by the fear of being negatively evaluated or showing symptoms of anxiety and usually causes avoidance behavior. It is known that that changing negative thoughts and producing alternative thoughts have an important place in the treatment of social anxiety disorder. In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, the focus is mainly on the person's negative thoughts about himself. Group Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBGT) is frequently used therapy model in anxiety disorders, including social anxiety. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of CBGT on the social anxiety levels of university students with SAD, as well as on their ruminative thinking and self-compassion. Methods: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale was applied to 1200 students. 30 university students who had highest social anxiety levels were selected. The selected students were assigned to the experimental and placebo groups. CBGT was applied to the experimental group, and communication-based group therapy was applied to the placebo group. Results: There is a significant difference between pretest and posttest of the LSF and rumination levels of the experimental group. In addition, LFS and rumination post-test levels were found to differ significantly according to the group. There was no significant difference in self-compassion levels. Conclusion: The social anxiety and ruminative thinking levels of the students with social anxiety disorder who were applied cognitive behavioral group therapy decreased. No change was observed in the self-compassion levels of the individuals.","PeriodicalId":74168,"journal":{"name":"MedPress psychiatry and behavioral sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82402602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/pbs.20230320110036
Ferit Sevim, Ş. Kıran, A. Yesildag, G. Yılmaz
Background: It is a known fact that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects the mental health of individuals, and it seems that there are many studies on this subject. This review aimed to synthesize the evidence from studies on the mental health problems of immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Six databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, WHO Global Health Research) were systematically searched to identify studies. The search was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The protocol for this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (protocolID: CRD4202123****). Data were extracted from a total of 14 studies. Results: Results predominantly highlighted that the studies reported anxiety, depression, stress and fear, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the percentages of 78.57%, 57.14%, 42.85%, and 28.57%, respectively. In addition, personality and adjustment disorders, bipolar disorder, COVID-19-related discrimination, loneliness, frustration, irritability, and sleep problems were also reported to a lesser extent. Limitations: A significant degree of heterogeneity was noted across studies. Conclusion: The results show that the COVID-19 problem, which negatively affects mental health. Research indicates that these problems arise from indirect situations such as unemployment or loss of income during the isolation and quarantine process, inability to access health services, barriers to communication or misformation, exposure to ethnic discrimination, and direct effects such as illness and death.
背景:新冠肺炎大流行对个体心理健康的负面影响是众所周知的事实，似乎有很多关于这一主题的研究。本综述旨在综合COVID-19大流行期间移民、难民和寻求庇护者心理健康问题的研究证据。方法:系统检索六个数据库(MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, WHO Global Health Research)以确定研究。按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目进行搜索。该系统评价的方案已在PROSPERO注册(协议id: CRD4202123****)。数据共来自14项研究。结果:研究结果以焦虑、抑郁、应激恐惧和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)为主，比例分别为78.57%、57.14%、42.85%和28.57%。此外，人格和适应障碍、双相情感障碍、与covid -19相关的歧视、孤独、沮丧、易怒和睡眠问题的报告程度也较低。局限性:研究中注意到显著程度的异质性。结论:结果表明，新冠肺炎问题对心理健康产生负面影响。研究表明，这些问题是由间接情况引起的，如在隔离和检疫过程中失业或失去收入、无法获得保健服务、沟通障碍或信息不准确、遭受种族歧视以及疾病和死亡等直接影响。
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of Refugees, Immigrants, and Asylum-Seekers: A Systematic Review","authors":"Ferit Sevim, Ş. Kıran, A. Yesildag, G. Yılmaz","doi":"10.5455/pbs.20230320110036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/pbs.20230320110036","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is a known fact that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects the mental health of individuals, and it seems that there are many studies on this subject. This review aimed to synthesize the evidence from studies on the mental health problems of immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Six databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, WHO Global Health Research) were systematically searched to identify studies. The search was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The protocol for this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (protocolID: CRD4202123****). Data were extracted from a total of 14 studies. Results: Results predominantly highlighted that the studies reported anxiety, depression, stress and fear, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the percentages of 78.57%, 57.14%, 42.85%, and 28.57%, respectively. In addition, personality and adjustment disorders, bipolar disorder, COVID-19-related discrimination, loneliness, frustration, irritability, and sleep problems were also reported to a lesser extent. Limitations: A significant degree of heterogeneity was noted across studies. Conclusion: The results show that the COVID-19 problem, which negatively affects mental health. Research indicates that these problems arise from indirect situations such as unemployment or loss of income during the isolation and quarantine process, inability to access health services, barriers to communication or misformation, exposure to ethnic discrimination, and direct effects such as illness and death.","PeriodicalId":74168,"journal":{"name":"MedPress psychiatry and behavioral sciences","volume":"1052 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86469013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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