Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1833696
Bismark Amfo, R. Aidoo, J. Mensah
ABSTRACT A survey of 200 migrant labourers was conducted to explore whether labour migration for cocoa production in Ghana translates into greater social benefits using the net social benefit criterion. Majority of migrant labourers on cocoa farms were better off in terms of accommodation, food, medication, respect gained, social and economic impacts, and working conditions after migration. There were external benefits and costs associated with labour migration. Migrant labourers who experienced social benefits from labour migration were more than those who had social costs. Thus, social benefits associated with labour migration for cocoa production in Ghana outweigh the social costs. To maximize social benefits from labour migration, cocoa farmers should assist migrant labourers with accommodation, food and medical expenditure, and improve their working conditions on cocoa farms by giving them personal protective equipment to reduce occupational hazards.
{"title":"Does labour migration for cocoa production in Ghana translate into greater social benefits?","authors":"Bismark Amfo, R. Aidoo, J. Mensah","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1833696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1833696","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A survey of 200 migrant labourers was conducted to explore whether labour migration for cocoa production in Ghana translates into greater social benefits using the net social benefit criterion. Majority of migrant labourers on cocoa farms were better off in terms of accommodation, food, medication, respect gained, social and economic impacts, and working conditions after migration. There were external benefits and costs associated with labour migration. Migrant labourers who experienced social benefits from labour migration were more than those who had social costs. Thus, social benefits associated with labour migration for cocoa production in Ghana outweigh the social costs. To maximize social benefits from labour migration, cocoa farmers should assist migrant labourers with accommodation, food and medical expenditure, and improve their working conditions on cocoa farms by giving them personal protective equipment to reduce occupational hazards.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"783 - 800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1833696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41355547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-27DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1827538
D. Etana, D. Snelder, C. V. van Wesenbeeck, T. C. Buning
ABSTRACT Despite a surge of literature on migration and climate change, evidence on the impact of climate change and variability on migration is inconclusive and the roles of in-situ adaptation strategies in migration decisions are unclear. Focusing on smallholder farmers in central Ethiopia, this study investigates the effects of climate variables and the use of in-situ adaptation strategies on households’ migration decisions. The data were analysed using a multi-level discrete-time event-history model. The results show that rainfall increase during the short rainy season [March–May] reduces migration and that of the long rainy season [June–September] increases migration. Early onset of rain during both seasons reduces migration whereas late onset increases migration. The propensity to migrate was low for households using crop diversification but high for those changing crop type and engaging in non-farm activities. The findings suggest that rainfall amount and variability instigate migration for survival among vulnerable farmers through its adverse effect on crop production and food availability. Rainfall-related livelihood problems can be addressed and distress migration can be reduced through agro-technical supports of in-situ adaptation, promoting gainful employment in rural areas, increasing income-earning capacities of potential migrants, and widening pro-poor employment opportunities in urban areas.
{"title":"Climate change, in-situ adaptation, and migration decisions of smallholder farmers in central Ethiopia","authors":"D. Etana, D. Snelder, C. V. van Wesenbeeck, T. C. Buning","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1827538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1827538","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite a surge of literature on migration and climate change, evidence on the impact of climate change and variability on migration is inconclusive and the roles of in-situ adaptation strategies in migration decisions are unclear. Focusing on smallholder farmers in central Ethiopia, this study investigates the effects of climate variables and the use of in-situ adaptation strategies on households’ migration decisions. The data were analysed using a multi-level discrete-time event-history model. The results show that rainfall increase during the short rainy season [March–May] reduces migration and that of the long rainy season [June–September] increases migration. Early onset of rain during both seasons reduces migration whereas late onset increases migration. The propensity to migrate was low for households using crop diversification but high for those changing crop type and engaging in non-farm activities. The findings suggest that rainfall amount and variability instigate migration for survival among vulnerable farmers through its adverse effect on crop production and food availability. Rainfall-related livelihood problems can be addressed and distress migration can be reduced through agro-technical supports of in-situ adaptation, promoting gainful employment in rural areas, increasing income-earning capacities of potential migrants, and widening pro-poor employment opportunities in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"737 - 761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1827538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42617249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-21DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1830563
L. Kemppainen, T. Kemppainen, S. Rask, Pasi Saukkonen, H. Kuusio
ABSTRACT Our understanding of the lived experience of transnationalism is limited by the scarcity of high-quality quantitative evidence. Representative evidence on the emotional and identification aspects of transnationalism is especially missing. To address this gap, we investigated the transnational involvement of three migrant groups – Somali, Kurdish and Russian – in Finland. Using high-quality random sample survey data, the study examined transnational activities – remittance sending, following media, keeping in touch with and visits to the country of origin – as well as transnational identification with significant others living abroad. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) demonstrated that transnational involvement can be empirically divided into transnational activities and identifications, as suggested by prior theoretical works. Regression analysis showed that transnational activities and identifications varied strongly between the three groups. Russians were the most active in transnational activities while Somalis showed the highest levels of identification with their country of origin. Activities increased with the longer stay, while identification decreased. Family ties played a role in transnational identification. Our results point towards the complexity in the relationship between transnational involvement and economic integration in the host society.
{"title":"Transnational Activities and Identifications –A population-based study on three immigrant groups in Finland","authors":"L. Kemppainen, T. Kemppainen, S. Rask, Pasi Saukkonen, H. Kuusio","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1830563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1830563","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Our understanding of the lived experience of transnationalism is limited by the scarcity of high-quality quantitative evidence. Representative evidence on the emotional and identification aspects of transnationalism is especially missing. To address this gap, we investigated the transnational involvement of three migrant groups – Somali, Kurdish and Russian – in Finland. Using high-quality random sample survey data, the study examined transnational activities – remittance sending, following media, keeping in touch with and visits to the country of origin – as well as transnational identification with significant others living abroad. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) demonstrated that transnational involvement can be empirically divided into transnational activities and identifications, as suggested by prior theoretical works. Regression analysis showed that transnational activities and identifications varied strongly between the three groups. Russians were the most active in transnational activities while Somalis showed the highest levels of identification with their country of origin. Activities increased with the longer stay, while identification decreased. Family ties played a role in transnational identification. Our results point towards the complexity in the relationship between transnational involvement and economic integration in the host society.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"762 - 782"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1830563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49160092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-12DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1809278
Kai-Ann D. Skeete, Leisel Juman
ABSTRACT This paper aims to serve as an exploration into the implications of the Venezuelan migration crisis into the South-Eastern Caribbean territories of Barbados, Grenada, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. This paper seeks to present an analytical report of the exercise of soft and economic diplomacy practiced by the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) group. In the CARICOM Statement of January 2019, a call was made for ‘external forces to refrain from doing anything to destabilize the situation in Venezuela … which could have far reaching negative consequences for the wider region’. This paper seeks to use a geopolitical foresight methodology to examine these negative consequences ranging from the decimation of Caribbean trade as a result of military use of the Caribbean shipping routes, the continued ‘divide and rule’ over CARICOM by the United States Government as well as the decline in Caribbean Tourism receipts. A key question raised surrounds determining what is the capacity of several Caribbean Member States to simultaneously host Venezuelan migrants/refugees as well as participate in the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME)’s Free Movement of Labour Regime.
{"title":"In times of crisis, the rise of CARICOM’s diplomacy: the case of the Venezuelan migrants within the Southern Caribbean","authors":"Kai-Ann D. Skeete, Leisel Juman","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1809278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809278","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper aims to serve as an exploration into the implications of the Venezuelan migration crisis into the South-Eastern Caribbean territories of Barbados, Grenada, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. This paper seeks to present an analytical report of the exercise of soft and economic diplomacy practiced by the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) group. In the CARICOM Statement of January 2019, a call was made for ‘external forces to refrain from doing anything to destabilize the situation in Venezuela … which could have far reaching negative consequences for the wider region’. This paper seeks to use a geopolitical foresight methodology to examine these negative consequences ranging from the decimation of Caribbean trade as a result of military use of the Caribbean shipping routes, the continued ‘divide and rule’ over CARICOM by the United States Government as well as the decline in Caribbean Tourism receipts. A key question raised surrounds determining what is the capacity of several Caribbean Member States to simultaneously host Venezuelan migrants/refugees as well as participate in the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME)’s Free Movement of Labour Regime.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"197 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48636955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-12DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1812326
F. Ahmed
ABSTRACT This paper explores the impact of international migration on household welfare in Bangladesh based on the household income and expenditure survey 2010. An asset index was constructed to measure the long-run welfare impact of migration using principal component analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the households with a migrant member have a significantly higher asset score compared to the non-migrant. The migrant households also have a lower expenditure share on food and a higher calorie intake per capita suggesting they are less poor compared to non-migrants. Besides, the study found robust evidence that the families having a migrant in a lucrative destination are well-off than those with a migrant in a less desirable destination. The overall findings suggest that the welfare of the households not only depends on the households’ migration status but also their destination choices.
{"title":"Does migration matter for household welfare in Bangladesh?","authors":"F. Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1812326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1812326","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the impact of international migration on household welfare in Bangladesh based on the household income and expenditure survey 2010. An asset index was constructed to measure the long-run welfare impact of migration using principal component analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the households with a migrant member have a significantly higher asset score compared to the non-migrant. The migrant households also have a lower expenditure share on food and a higher calorie intake per capita suggesting they are less poor compared to non-migrants. Besides, the study found robust evidence that the families having a migrant in a lucrative destination are well-off than those with a migrant in a less desirable destination. The overall findings suggest that the welfare of the households not only depends on the households’ migration status but also their destination choices.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"697 - 716"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1812326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46120284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-12DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1827539
Muhammad Adnan
ABSTRACT Prejudice and negative attitudes concerning immigration is an omnipresent phenomenon in many modern societies around the world. This study has investigated the relationship between Germans’ trust in their government and the press and its association with their attitudes concerning the immigration of people from other EU member states. This study is first of its kind that has investigated the public attitudes concerning Intra-EU Immigration. On the one hand, the results of the study have identified two determinants of people’s attitudes concerning immigration. On the other hand, it has reconfirmed the overall positive attitudes of Germans concerning immigration. The findings are consistent with the observation that distrust of the press and government seems to be a strong characteristic of those with negative views of immigrants and immigration. The study provides essential insights that should be taken into consideration in future immigration studies.
{"title":"Public attitudes concerning Intra-EU immigration in Germany: The role of government and press","authors":"Muhammad Adnan","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1827539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1827539","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prejudice and negative attitudes concerning immigration is an omnipresent phenomenon in many modern societies around the world. This study has investigated the relationship between Germans’ trust in their government and the press and its association with their attitudes concerning the immigration of people from other EU member states. This study is first of its kind that has investigated the public attitudes concerning Intra-EU Immigration. On the one hand, the results of the study have identified two determinants of people’s attitudes concerning immigration. On the other hand, it has reconfirmed the overall positive attitudes of Germans concerning immigration. The findings are consistent with the observation that distrust of the press and government seems to be a strong characteristic of those with negative views of immigrants and immigration. The study provides essential insights that should be taken into consideration in future immigration studies.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"11 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1827539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46883517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1810897
M. Valenta
ABSTRACT The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is among the largest receivers of labour migrants in the world. Labour migrations in the GCC are defined as temporary, but migrants engage in various adjustments that result in long-term residence in the GCC. Included in these adjustments are various circular, serial and stepwise migration strategies. In this article, we conceptualise and explore the patterns of itinerant labour migrations to the Gulf and onwards. A variety of migrant strategies and migration trajectories are identified, together with their underlying drivers. It is argued that these transnational practices have different motivations and are submitted to various coercive forces and opportunity structures. Furthermore, they are propelled by distinctive local rationality, family obligations, individual resources and aspirations, which, in sum, produce specific patterns of itinerant labour migration.
{"title":"Itinerant labour: conceptualising circular, serial and stepwise migrations to the Arab Gulf and onwards","authors":"M. Valenta","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1810897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1810897","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is among the largest receivers of labour migrants in the world. Labour migrations in the GCC are defined as temporary, but migrants engage in various adjustments that result in long-term residence in the GCC. Included in these adjustments are various circular, serial and stepwise migration strategies. In this article, we conceptualise and explore the patterns of itinerant labour migrations to the Gulf and onwards. A variety of migrant strategies and migration trajectories are identified, together with their underlying drivers. It is argued that these transnational practices have different motivations and are submitted to various coercive forces and opportunity structures. Furthermore, they are propelled by distinctive local rationality, family obligations, individual resources and aspirations, which, in sum, produce specific patterns of itinerant labour migration.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"674 - 696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1810897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48049139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1816036
Atakan Durmaz
ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of relationships between homeland and the Scientific Turkish Diaspora in Germany on the possibility of reverse brain drain and intellectual reverse brain drain are examined through the data obtained from 466 Turkish and/or Turkish scientists. According to the findings, the relationships of the scientists in the diaspora with their homeland positively affect all of the likelihood of reverse brain drain and the possibility of intellectual reverse brain drain. However, there are differences between the types and effects of the relationship.
{"title":"Diaspora as a source of human capital: the effects of the relationship between scientific Turkish diaspora and the homeland on reverse brain drain","authors":"Atakan Durmaz","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1816036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1816036","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of relationships between homeland and the Scientific Turkish Diaspora in Germany on the possibility of reverse brain drain and intellectual reverse brain drain are examined through the data obtained from 466 Turkish and/or Turkish scientists. According to the findings, the relationships of the scientists in the diaspora with their homeland positively affect all of the likelihood of reverse brain drain and the possibility of intellectual reverse brain drain. However, there are differences between the types and effects of the relationship.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"717 - 736"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1816036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47534403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-27DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1809276
W. C. Wallace, N. Mortley
ABSTRACT This introductory chapter presents a background to the Venezuelan migrant crisis impacting the Caribbean region. While migration is deeply embedded in Caribbean history and culture, the movement of Venezuelans into the region, characterized mainly by displaced migrants, presents new dynamics never experienced before. This chapter describes the emerging Venezuelan situation as a ‘crisis’ in light of Caribbean communities unpreparedness in terms of protocols, policy and capacity for dealing with the influx of displaced migrants. Within this context, the Editors thus make a case for the need for reconceptualization, empirical research and new frameworks for action among Caribbean migration scholars. The chapter ends with a summary of the seven articles contained in this special issue, demonstrating their multi- and interdisciplinary focus, as well as the various methodological tools employed by the authors in bringing indigenous, rights-based, gender sensitive perspectives to the Venezuelans displacement and its impact for the Caribbean region.
{"title":"(De)constructing our migrant neighbours: regional and international impacts of the Venezuelan crisis in the Caribbean","authors":"W. C. Wallace, N. Mortley","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1809276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809276","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This introductory chapter presents a background to the Venezuelan migrant crisis impacting the Caribbean region. While migration is deeply embedded in Caribbean history and culture, the movement of Venezuelans into the region, characterized mainly by displaced migrants, presents new dynamics never experienced before. This chapter describes the emerging Venezuelan situation as a ‘crisis’ in light of Caribbean communities unpreparedness in terms of protocols, policy and capacity for dealing with the influx of displaced migrants. Within this context, the Editors thus make a case for the need for reconceptualization, empirical research and new frameworks for action among Caribbean migration scholars. The chapter ends with a summary of the seven articles contained in this special issue, demonstrating their multi- and interdisciplinary focus, as well as the various methodological tools employed by the authors in bringing indigenous, rights-based, gender sensitive perspectives to the Venezuelans displacement and its impact for the Caribbean region.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"173 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46103373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-13DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1809282
K. Peters, Bennie Berkeley
ABSTRACT The current study explored the lived experiences of tribal criminal stigma among 15 documented male Venezuelan migrants residing along the East-West corridor of Trinidad and Tobago. Data were collected using a convenience sample. This is because participants were members of a volleyball club who were accessible after practice on Sunday mornings and Tuesday nights. A focus group discussion was conducted with 11 participants and semi-structured interviews held with four (4) individuals who were absent from the focus group session. This study explored one (1) central and three (3) secondary research questions. The data were analysed using Maxqda 2020. The analysis produced four (4) major themes: (1) vicarious stigma(2) antagonistic or pro-criminal conditions (financial strain, deskilling and proletarianisation, culture shock, labelling, victimisation, institutional backwardness and language barriers), (3) integration or preventive opportunities (blockages to criminal conduct such as social capital, social bonds, social control and social adaptation, and (4) bifurcated vision:‘hopeful returnable’ and ‘assimilationist.’Major findings of the secondary research questions were compared and defined as 'theblocked pathway hypothesis'.
{"title":"A phenomenological study of the experience of tribal stigma among documented male Venezuelan migrants in Trinidad","authors":"K. Peters, Bennie Berkeley","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1809282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809282","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study explored the lived experiences of tribal criminal stigma among 15 documented male Venezuelan migrants residing along the East-West corridor of Trinidad and Tobago. Data were collected using a convenience sample. This is because participants were members of a volleyball club who were accessible after practice on Sunday mornings and Tuesday nights. A focus group discussion was conducted with 11 participants and semi-structured interviews held with four (4) individuals who were absent from the focus group session. This study explored one (1) central and three (3) secondary research questions. The data were analysed using Maxqda 2020. The analysis produced four (4) major themes: (1) vicarious stigma(2) antagonistic or pro-criminal conditions (financial strain, deskilling and proletarianisation, culture shock, labelling, victimisation, institutional backwardness and language barriers), (3) integration or preventive opportunities (blockages to criminal conduct such as social capital, social bonds, social control and social adaptation, and (4) bifurcated vision:‘hopeful returnable’ and ‘assimilationist.’Major findings of the secondary research questions were compared and defined as 'theblocked pathway hypothesis'.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"273 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44635715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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