Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1837535
Olivia Dun, C. McMichael, K. McNamara, Carol Farbotko
ABSTRACT Labour migration is considered an important pathway for improving economic development in countries of origin. In recent years, labour migration, through the ‘migration as adaptation’ discourse, has been further positioned as a response to changing environmental conditions in places of high climate risk, such as the Pacific Islands region. However, limited empirical work examines whether and how labour mobility schemes enhance both development outcomes and climate change adaptation. This paper considers how temporary and circular labour migrants from Solomon Islands, who are participants in Australia’s Seasonal Worker Programme (SWP), are investing in their lives, households and villages in their country of origin in ways that contribute to development and climate change adaptation. Based on in-depth qualitative research with twelve Solomon Islander SWP participants working on citrus farms in the Mildura region, Australia, we find that investments (via funding, resources and skills) made by labour migrants contribute to development and in-situ climate change adaptation, enabling aspirations for a resilient futures in their community of origin. However, we argue climate change considerations should be formally integrated and mainstreamed into the SWP to fully enable possibilities for transformative climate change adaptation.
{"title":"Investing in home: development outcomes and climate change adaptation for seasonal workers living between Solomon Islands and Australia","authors":"Olivia Dun, C. McMichael, K. McNamara, Carol Farbotko","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1837535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1837535","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Labour migration is considered an important pathway for improving economic development in countries of origin. In recent years, labour migration, through the ‘migration as adaptation’ discourse, has been further positioned as a response to changing environmental conditions in places of high climate risk, such as the Pacific Islands region. However, limited empirical work examines whether and how labour mobility schemes enhance both development outcomes and climate change adaptation. This paper considers how temporary and circular labour migrants from Solomon Islands, who are participants in Australia’s Seasonal Worker Programme (SWP), are investing in their lives, households and villages in their country of origin in ways that contribute to development and climate change adaptation. Based on in-depth qualitative research with twelve Solomon Islander SWP participants working on citrus farms in the Mildura region, Australia, we find that investments (via funding, resources and skills) made by labour migrants contribute to development and in-situ climate change adaptation, enabling aspirations for a resilient futures in their community of origin. However, we argue climate change considerations should be formally integrated and mainstreamed into the SWP to fully enable possibilities for transformative climate change adaptation.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"852 - 875"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1837535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44025546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1845490
F. Eshetu, M. Beshir
ABSTRACT This study examined the determinants of the level of remittance from urban migrants to their families in rural areas using a sample of 665 rural-urban migrants and Tobit regression in Southern Ethiopia.Descriptive results revealed that most of rural-urban migrants were unmarried, better educated, and young. For instance, 84 percent of rural-urban migrants were unmarried, while 68 percent of rural-urban migrants aged between 15 and 25 years.The education level of 74 percent of rural-urban migrants was found between 5 and 10 years of schooling.The mean income, saving, and remittance of female migrants were lower than their male counterparts. Regression results of Tobit model indicated that age, gender, education level, frequency of visits, income, and saving of migrants positively and significantly related with the level of remittance from migrants. But family size of migrant-sending household and the intension to return back negatively and significantly related with the level of remittance. Provision of better education in origin areas and better-paying jobs in receiving areas would lead to higher remittance from migrants. The provision of off-farm employments in origin areas would reduce the current wave of rural-urban migration and this will lessen pressure on public services in receiving urban areas.
{"title":"Motives and determinants of remittance from rural-urban migration: evidence from Southern Ethiopia","authors":"F. Eshetu, M. Beshir","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1845490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1845490","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined the determinants of the level of remittance from urban migrants to their families in rural areas using a sample of 665 rural-urban migrants and Tobit regression in Southern Ethiopia.Descriptive results revealed that most of rural-urban migrants were unmarried, better educated, and young. For instance, 84 percent of rural-urban migrants were unmarried, while 68 percent of rural-urban migrants aged between 15 and 25 years.The education level of 74 percent of rural-urban migrants was found between 5 and 10 years of schooling.The mean income, saving, and remittance of female migrants were lower than their male counterparts. Regression results of Tobit model indicated that age, gender, education level, frequency of visits, income, and saving of migrants positively and significantly related with the level of remittance from migrants. But family size of migrant-sending household and the intension to return back negatively and significantly related with the level of remittance. Provision of better education in origin areas and better-paying jobs in receiving areas would lead to higher remittance from migrants. The provision of off-farm employments in origin areas would reduce the current wave of rural-urban migration and this will lessen pressure on public services in receiving urban areas.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"937 - 957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1845490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47983070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-22DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1859177
Ümit Seven
ABSTRACT Instead of regarding violence as a homogenous event, this article deconstructs the violence in Syria through Galtung’s concept of structural violence in order to understand the impact it has on the decision to move at a disaggregated level. It outlines the determinants of migration processes in Syria, relying on semi-structured interviews. By doing so, this research aims at enhancing the understanding of the determinants of forced displacement and migration patterns in response to violence. The research shows that enduring structural violence profoundly affects individuals` decision to leave their homes and become refugees. Beyond actual violence per se, refugee movements from Syria to neighbouring countries are linked to the gradual increase in structural violence, as well as proximate conditions and intervening factors. While pointing direct and actual violence as a determinant of internal displacement, this research also highlights that individuals forced to abandon their homes are not passive victims of the conflict.
{"title":"Armed conflict, violence, and the decision to migrate: explaining the determinants of displacement in Syria","authors":"Ümit Seven","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1859177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1859177","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Instead of regarding violence as a homogenous event, this article deconstructs the violence in Syria through Galtung’s concept of structural violence in order to understand the impact it has on the decision to move at a disaggregated level. It outlines the determinants of migration processes in Syria, relying on semi-structured interviews. By doing so, this research aims at enhancing the understanding of the determinants of forced displacement and migration patterns in response to violence. The research shows that enduring structural violence profoundly affects individuals` decision to leave their homes and become refugees. Beyond actual violence per se, refugee movements from Syria to neighbouring countries are linked to the gradual increase in structural violence, as well as proximate conditions and intervening factors. While pointing direct and actual violence as a determinant of internal displacement, this research also highlights that individuals forced to abandon their homes are not passive victims of the conflict.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"1029 - 1045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1859177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41852733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1861703
G. A. Apatinga, F. Obeng
ABSTRACT Previous studies report that independent transnational female migration is growing rapidly in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, scholarship on the ‘left-behind’ in the migration process largely focuses on women and children, with little attention paid to men left behind. Using qualitative methods, with Folkman et al.’s coping theory, to examine the coping strategies of men left behind in the migration process in Ghana, this study fills an important research gap in the migration and the left-behind literature. Through the snowball sampling method, 12 in-depth interviews were conducted with men in the Accra Metropolis whose spouses were staying abroad. Participants explained that left-behind husbands cope with domestic work and care through support from family relations, careful planning and time management, eating out in food joints, and paid services from domestic workers. Participants also mentioned that these men cope emotionally through social media, religion, regular visits to spouses and engaging in extramarital affairs. The results demonstrate that in the absence of migrant spouses, husbands adapt using a variety of coping mechanisms.
{"title":"The coping strategies of “men left behind” in the migration process in Ghana","authors":"G. A. Apatinga, F. Obeng","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1861703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1861703","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Previous studies report that independent transnational female migration is growing rapidly in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, scholarship on the ‘left-behind’ in the migration process largely focuses on women and children, with little attention paid to men left behind. Using qualitative methods, with Folkman et al.’s coping theory, to examine the coping strategies of men left behind in the migration process in Ghana, this study fills an important research gap in the migration and the left-behind literature. Through the snowball sampling method, 12 in-depth interviews were conducted with men in the Accra Metropolis whose spouses were staying abroad. Participants explained that left-behind husbands cope with domestic work and care through support from family relations, careful planning and time management, eating out in food joints, and paid services from domestic workers. Participants also mentioned that these men cope emotionally through social media, religion, regular visits to spouses and engaging in extramarital affairs. The results demonstrate that in the absence of migrant spouses, husbands adapt using a variety of coping mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"1046 - 1064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1861703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43202833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT While the broader concept of human security emphasizes the need for safety from livelihood security threats, the roles of attachment and violent conflicts on rural migration remain a subject of considerable debate. This study examines the drivers of rural migration within the context of potential relative deprivation. Using data from 1,750 households residing in rural areas of Nigeria, the study reports two key findings. First, the results show that migration is structured by the socio-economic stratification of rural households. Secondly, the results of ordinary least squares reveal that rural attachments, deprivation, cattle rustling and human capital are salient factors determining the patterns of rural migration. It can be argued that cattle rustling, as one of the major security threats affecting pastoral communities, is constraining pastoral households from pursuing their normal livelihoods and thus reducing the raiding of pastoral livelihood assets may help in reducing rural-urban migration in Nigeria.
{"title":"Migration drivers, income inequality and rural attachment in deprived remote areas prone to cattle rustling in Nigeria","authors":"Saifullahi Sani Ibrahim, Huseyin Ozdeser, Behiye Çavuşoğlu, Aminu Abdullahi Shagali, Muktar Shu’Aibu","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1848710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1848710","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While the broader concept of human security emphasizes the need for safety from livelihood security threats, the roles of attachment and violent conflicts on rural migration remain a subject of considerable debate. This study examines the drivers of rural migration within the context of potential relative deprivation. Using data from 1,750 households residing in rural areas of Nigeria, the study reports two key findings. First, the results show that migration is structured by the socio-economic stratification of rural households. Secondly, the results of ordinary least squares reveal that rural attachments, deprivation, cattle rustling and human capital are salient factors determining the patterns of rural migration. It can be argued that cattle rustling, as one of the major security threats affecting pastoral communities, is constraining pastoral households from pursuing their normal livelihoods and thus reducing the raiding of pastoral livelihood assets may help in reducing rural-urban migration in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"958 - 973"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1848710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49557533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1855738
Tomoya Suzuki
ABSTRACT From the early 2010s onward, the number of asylum seekers in Europe has gradually increased, with 2015, in particular, experiencing a significant rise. These asylum seekers have mainly come from conflict-affected countries. In 2015, for instance, Syrians, Afghans and Iraqis accounted for the top three nationalities of first-time asylum applicants in the European Union. This study uses count data on Syrian, Afghan and Iraqi asylum seekers in 25 European countries over the sample period of 2001 to 2016 and investigates their destination choice within a framework of generalised linear models for modelling count data. The explanatory variables include economic and cultural factors, which the results show significantly, influenced the flows of asylum seekers. For instance, a high level of income per person employed in a European country was a common pull factor for Syrian, Afghan and Iraqi asylum seekers. The three groups of asylum seekers also shared a common preference for cultures in which people were individualistic, long-term orientated and tolerant of unorthodox behaviour and ideas.
{"title":"Destination choice of asylum applicants in Europe from three conflict-affected countries","authors":"Tomoya Suzuki","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1855738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1855738","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT From the early 2010s onward, the number of asylum seekers in Europe has gradually increased, with 2015, in particular, experiencing a significant rise. These asylum seekers have mainly come from conflict-affected countries. In 2015, for instance, Syrians, Afghans and Iraqis accounted for the top three nationalities of first-time asylum applicants in the European Union. This study uses count data on Syrian, Afghan and Iraqi asylum seekers in 25 European countries over the sample period of 2001 to 2016 and investigates their destination choice within a framework of generalised linear models for modelling count data. The explanatory variables include economic and cultural factors, which the results show significantly, influenced the flows of asylum seekers. For instance, a high level of income per person employed in a European country was a common pull factor for Syrian, Afghan and Iraqi asylum seekers. The three groups of asylum seekers also shared a common preference for cultures in which people were individualistic, long-term orientated and tolerant of unorthodox behaviour and ideas.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"1016 - 1028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1855738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60232693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1845489
D. Mekonnen, K. Soma, R. Ruben
ABSTRACT This study examines the drivers for and consequences of internal migration to household food security in Uganda. Based on the Ugandan National Panel Surveys conducted between 2010/11 and 2015/16, we estimate differences in food energy adequacy of households receiving internal migrants from elsewhere. Besides food energy consumption, this study applies household food consumption score (FCS) and looks at vulnerability in terms of household’s expenditures on food. This enables to explore (a) the extent to which food insecurity is driving internal migration, and (b) whether remittances can reduce food security of the remitter. We find that households are usually worse-off when migrants join the receiving family. This seems a departure from previous studies that tend to find welfare gains to internal migration, mostly due to changes in expenditures or dietary consumption without considering any thresholds for achieving food security. Based on these findings and responding to rising youth employment challenges associated with rapidly growing urban slums in Uganda, policies that simultaneously support employment creation in both urban and rural areas are urgently needed to enable better steering of the flow of voluntary migration and to help ensuring food security.
{"title":"The ambivalent links between internal migration and food security in Uganda","authors":"D. Mekonnen, K. Soma, R. Ruben","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1845489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1845489","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the drivers for and consequences of internal migration to household food security in Uganda. Based on the Ugandan National Panel Surveys conducted between 2010/11 and 2015/16, we estimate differences in food energy adequacy of households receiving internal migrants from elsewhere. Besides food energy consumption, this study applies household food consumption score (FCS) and looks at vulnerability in terms of household’s expenditures on food. This enables to explore (a) the extent to which food insecurity is driving internal migration, and (b) whether remittances can reduce food security of the remitter. We find that households are usually worse-off when migrants join the receiving family. This seems a departure from previous studies that tend to find welfare gains to internal migration, mostly due to changes in expenditures or dietary consumption without considering any thresholds for achieving food security. Based on these findings and responding to rising youth employment challenges associated with rapidly growing urban slums in Uganda, policies that simultaneously support employment creation in both urban and rural areas are urgently needed to enable better steering of the flow of voluntary migration and to help ensuring food security.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"917 - 936"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1845489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48600473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1839215
H. Saydaliyev, Lee Chin, A. Mohamed
ABSTRACT This paper used the dynamic panel data technique to examine the combined indirect effect of remittance inflows via human capital and financial inclusion on economic growth in developing and developed countries over the period between 2007 and2 018. The results from the endogeneity-robust System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) analysis revealed that with with financial inclusion and human capital, are engines of economic growth in remittance-receiving developing countries. Specifically, better financial inclusion absorbs and efficiently channel remittance inflows into proper and productive economic activities, while developed human capital directly encourages robust economic activities. Therefore, this paper provides insights into the mechanisms that boost remittances’ effect on economic growth, i.e. financial inclusion and human capital. Accordingly, we recommend that regulatory frameworks aiming to encourage inward remittances should consider developing financial inclusion and human capital to leverage remittance funds for developmental agendas.
{"title":"Remittance inflow and economic development: interaction with financial inclusion and human capital","authors":"H. Saydaliyev, Lee Chin, A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1839215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1839215","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper used the dynamic panel data technique to examine the combined indirect effect of remittance inflows via human capital and financial inclusion on economic growth in developing and developed countries over the period between 2007 and2 018. The results from the endogeneity-robust System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) analysis revealed that with with financial inclusion and human capital, are engines of economic growth in remittance-receiving developing countries. Specifically, better financial inclusion absorbs and efficiently channel remittance inflows into proper and productive economic activities, while developed human capital directly encourages robust economic activities. Therefore, this paper provides insights into the mechanisms that boost remittances’ effect on economic growth, i.e. financial inclusion and human capital. Accordingly, we recommend that regulatory frameworks aiming to encourage inward remittances should consider developing financial inclusion and human capital to leverage remittance funds for developmental agendas.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"876 - 893"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1839215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42205564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1837533
Jordan Blekking, Kurt B. Waldman, S. Lopus, S. Giroux
ABSTRACT Urbanization is occurring across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), both from migration and natural growth, and often without urban planning, which can hamper the ability of households to obtain affordable, accessible food. Through stratified random sampling, we collected data from 135 households in Mumbwa, Zambia, to examine the relationship between migration and food accessibility in a small tertiary city. We investigate the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and food access of households that migrated or were more established in Mumbwa, and the spatial characteristics of food access. We find recent migrant households have significantly better food access than non-migrant households and those that migrated earlier. Results from a negative binomial regression suggest that recent migrant households tend to have better existing household wealth, labor assets, and smaller household size. Using spatial analysis we identify a cluster of households with lower food accessibility in an unplanned area of the city with limited basic services. We find non-migrant and migrant households in this cluster, which suggests informal settlements in this size city are settled by both household types alike. These results illustrate the challenge policymakers face in addressing urban food accessibility for all residents, due to the spatial, economic, and social heterogeneity of the phenomenon.
{"title":"Migration and urban food accessibility in Mumbwa, a tertiary city of Zambia","authors":"Jordan Blekking, Kurt B. Waldman, S. Lopus, S. Giroux","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1837533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1837533","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urbanization is occurring across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), both from migration and natural growth, and often without urban planning, which can hamper the ability of households to obtain affordable, accessible food. Through stratified random sampling, we collected data from 135 households in Mumbwa, Zambia, to examine the relationship between migration and food accessibility in a small tertiary city. We investigate the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and food access of households that migrated or were more established in Mumbwa, and the spatial characteristics of food access. We find recent migrant households have significantly better food access than non-migrant households and those that migrated earlier. Results from a negative binomial regression suggest that recent migrant households tend to have better existing household wealth, labor assets, and smaller household size. Using spatial analysis we identify a cluster of households with lower food accessibility in an unplanned area of the city with limited basic services. We find non-migrant and migrant households in this cluster, which suggests informal settlements in this size city are settled by both household types alike. These results illustrate the challenge policymakers face in addressing urban food accessibility for all residents, due to the spatial, economic, and social heterogeneity of the phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"801 - 817"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1837533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46348387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1830564
Ryan C. Berg, A. Rechkemmer, Z. Espinel, J. Shultz
ABSTRACT Colombia has been a global leader in its embrace and implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In recent years, Colombia has advanced its peace initiatives with armed actors, leading to partial resolution of 52 years of armed insurgency. Exemplary progress has been made in the achievement of multiple SDG benchmarks. However, progress has been challenged (and potentially interrupted) by two intersecting developments. First, Colombia has been on the receiving end of a massive influx of Venezuelan mixed migrants who are fleeing the collapse of democratic governance and economic catastrophe leading to poverty, hunger, and disruption of health services. Colombia has been the major receptor nation for the Venezuelan emigration with more than 2 million migrants dwelling in Colombia in 2020. Second, the COVID-19 pandemic is surging throughout Latin America, with the World Health Organization declaring Latin America as the epicenter of the global outbreak in May 2020, bringing life to standstill due to the strict mitigation measures in place. These synchronous shocks – mass migration and pandemic – are challenging Colombia’s progress toward SDG benchmarks and threatening to create a decisive tipping point that may derail the country’s stellar progress to date.
{"title":"COVID-19 as a tipping point for Latin America’s sustainable development goals: the case of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia","authors":"Ryan C. Berg, A. Rechkemmer, Z. Espinel, J. Shultz","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1830564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1830564","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Colombia has been a global leader in its embrace and implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In recent years, Colombia has advanced its peace initiatives with armed actors, leading to partial resolution of 52 years of armed insurgency. Exemplary progress has been made in the achievement of multiple SDG benchmarks. However, progress has been challenged (and potentially interrupted) by two intersecting developments. First, Colombia has been on the receiving end of a massive influx of Venezuelan mixed migrants who are fleeing the collapse of democratic governance and economic catastrophe leading to poverty, hunger, and disruption of health services. Colombia has been the major receptor nation for the Venezuelan emigration with more than 2 million migrants dwelling in Colombia in 2020. Second, the COVID-19 pandemic is surging throughout Latin America, with the World Health Organization declaring Latin America as the epicenter of the global outbreak in May 2020, bringing life to standstill due to the strict mitigation measures in place. These synchronous shocks – mass migration and pandemic – are challenging Colombia’s progress toward SDG benchmarks and threatening to create a decisive tipping point that may derail the country’s stellar progress to date.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1830564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42355279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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