Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.1177/21632324231194765
Hideyuki Nakagawa
Delivering inclusive services to foreign residents is an important policy agenda, yet it is challenging when the preference for inclusive services is scarcely captured. This study examines the inclusion policy preferences of foreign residents through the association between welfare measures and variations in available inclusion efforts across municipalities in Japan. The situation in Japan presents a unique opportunity to examine the objective of this study in a context in which a comprehensive nationwide immigrant integration policy is absent and local governments have discretion as to which services to provide to foreign residents. This study found that reported welfare measures in the survey, such as satisfaction with the local government and the subjective well-being (SWB) of foreign residents, are positively associated with inclusive service availability. Further analysis indicates that assistance with accessing medical care and help with Japanese language learning opportunities are among the more relevant services sought by foreign residents.
{"title":"Integration Policy and the Subjective Well-being of Immigrants—Using the Variation in Available Inclusive Services Across Local Governments","authors":"Hideyuki Nakagawa","doi":"10.1177/21632324231194765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21632324231194765","url":null,"abstract":"Delivering inclusive services to foreign residents is an important policy agenda, yet it is challenging when the preference for inclusive services is scarcely captured. This study examines the inclusion policy preferences of foreign residents through the association between welfare measures and variations in available inclusion efforts across municipalities in Japan. The situation in Japan presents a unique opportunity to examine the objective of this study in a context in which a comprehensive nationwide immigrant integration policy is absent and local governments have discretion as to which services to provide to foreign residents. This study found that reported welfare measures in the survey, such as satisfaction with the local government and the subjective well-being (SWB) of foreign residents, are positively associated with inclusive service availability. Further analysis indicates that assistance with accessing medical care and help with Japanese language learning opportunities are among the more relevant services sought by foreign residents.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135926484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.1177/21632324231194766
Yuko Tsujita, Hisaya Oda, S. Irudaya Rajan
This article empirically investigates the migration patterns of Indian nurses who have returned from Gulf countries, where obtaining long-term visas and citizenship is difficult, to determine whether their return should be considered a temporary or permanent settlement. The study addresses the likelihood of future migration and explores migration trajectories among these individuals. Our analysis reveals that returned nurses are more inclined to migrate again if currently employed in India’s private sector, which offers lower financial rewards compared to the public sector. On the other hand, those in contract-based public sector jobs express a willingness to relocate to Western countries but not back to Gulf countries. The limited occurrence of circular migrations to Gulf countries among nurses highlights their lower position in the hierarchy of destination countries. This study illustrates the complexities of nurse migration decisions, demonstrating that migration trajectories do not always follow a linear path towards perceived ‘better’ destinations.
{"title":"Intention to Emigrate Again and Destination Preference: A Study of Indian Nurses Returning from Gulf Cooperation Council Countries","authors":"Yuko Tsujita, Hisaya Oda, S. Irudaya Rajan","doi":"10.1177/21632324231194766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21632324231194766","url":null,"abstract":"This article empirically investigates the migration patterns of Indian nurses who have returned from Gulf countries, where obtaining long-term visas and citizenship is difficult, to determine whether their return should be considered a temporary or permanent settlement. The study addresses the likelihood of future migration and explores migration trajectories among these individuals. Our analysis reveals that returned nurses are more inclined to migrate again if currently employed in India’s private sector, which offers lower financial rewards compared to the public sector. On the other hand, those in contract-based public sector jobs express a willingness to relocate to Western countries but not back to Gulf countries. The limited occurrence of circular migrations to Gulf countries among nurses highlights their lower position in the hierarchy of destination countries. This study illustrates the complexities of nurse migration decisions, demonstrating that migration trajectories do not always follow a linear path towards perceived ‘better’ destinations.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/21632324231194767
Sharique Umar, Md Mizanur Rahman
This article examines the migration of international students to the Gulf Coop-eration Council (GCC) states from a comparative perspective. Over the past few decades, the GCC states have made significant investments in their education sec-tor, leading to notable improvements in educational infrastructure and quality, the establishment of new universities and knowledge parks, as well as the emergence of international university branches. Consequently, this transformation has attracted a growing number of international students to the Gulf region, including non-national resident students and foreign students arriving in the Gulf specifically for educational purposes. Student migration entails more than just entering a host country; it also involves university admissions policies, tuition fees, scholarship programs, immigration status and the pathways available for employment after graduation. Therefore, this article delves into the intricate aspects of student migration to the GCC states, shedding light on migration patterns, student compositions, admissions processes, financial considerations and integration into the Gulf labour market. The findings of this study indicate that the GCC states have made some headway in managing international student migration. However, there is still a need for the development of a comprehensive student migration policy that fully capitalises on the benefits of student migration to promote economic development in the Gulf states.
{"title":"International Student Migration to the GCC States: A Comparative Study","authors":"Sharique Umar, Md Mizanur Rahman","doi":"10.1177/21632324231194767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21632324231194767","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the migration of international students to the Gulf Coop-eration Council (GCC) states from a comparative perspective. Over the past few decades, the GCC states have made significant investments in their education sec-tor, leading to notable improvements in educational infrastructure and quality, the establishment of new universities and knowledge parks, as well as the emergence of international university branches. Consequently, this transformation has attracted a growing number of international students to the Gulf region, including non-national resident students and foreign students arriving in the Gulf specifically for educational purposes. Student migration entails more than just entering a host country; it also involves university admissions policies, tuition fees, scholarship programs, immigration status and the pathways available for employment after graduation. Therefore, this article delves into the intricate aspects of student migration to the GCC states, shedding light on migration patterns, student compositions, admissions processes, financial considerations and integration into the Gulf labour market. The findings of this study indicate that the GCC states have made some headway in managing international student migration. However, there is still a need for the development of a comprehensive student migration policy that fully capitalises on the benefits of student migration to promote economic development in the Gulf states.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"635 1","pages":"111 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/21632324231219977
S. I. Rajan
{"title":"Re-emerging from a Hiatus: Migrants and Migration in a Post-Pandemic World","authors":"S. I. Rajan","doi":"10.1177/21632324231219977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21632324231219977","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"27 1","pages":"7 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2021.1877945
C. Nguyen
ABSTRACT While little research has been done to examine the mobilities of current Vietnamese professional migrants, this paper sought to address this gap by reporting on a qualitative study on the mobilities of Australia-educated and domiciled professional migrants from Vietnam.It examined their decisions to migrate through specific ways of everyday lives as being-in-the-world. By analysing the reasons for migration among 15 participants, this study found that migrants’ decisions are informed by both spiritual and materialistic concerns, variously framed by an attempt to escape from their perceived lack of political patronage, a remedy for personal upheavals and ideological conflicts, an expectation for adventure and social status, pursuit of knowledge and income, or a search for intergenerational security. Skilled migrants do not experience one of these reasons in isolation but rather, a set of interrelated motives. The respondents’ decisions to leave are influenced by the micro-politics of everyday life under the influence of Vietnam’s socio-political transformations. The theoretical concept of being-in-the-world has the potential to conceptualize transnational mobilities of skilled migration in at least 5 related manners: ambiguity in mobilities, equipment, possibilities, (in)authenticity and care.
{"title":"Reasons for migration among Vietnamese professional migrants in Australia","authors":"C. Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2021.1877945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2021.1877945","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While little research has been done to examine the mobilities of current Vietnamese professional migrants, this paper sought to address this gap by reporting on a qualitative study on the mobilities of Australia-educated and domiciled professional migrants from Vietnam.It examined their decisions to migrate through specific ways of everyday lives as being-in-the-world. By analysing the reasons for migration among 15 participants, this study found that migrants’ decisions are informed by both spiritual and materialistic concerns, variously framed by an attempt to escape from their perceived lack of political patronage, a remedy for personal upheavals and ideological conflicts, an expectation for adventure and social status, pursuit of knowledge and income, or a search for intergenerational security. Skilled migrants do not experience one of these reasons in isolation but rather, a set of interrelated motives. The respondents’ decisions to leave are influenced by the micro-politics of everyday life under the influence of Vietnam’s socio-political transformations. The theoretical concept of being-in-the-world has the potential to conceptualize transnational mobilities of skilled migration in at least 5 related manners: ambiguity in mobilities, equipment, possibilities, (in)authenticity and care.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"1144 - 1161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2021.1877945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45262733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1837534
Arland Thornton, Jeffrey Swindle, Prem Bhandari, Linda Young-DeMarco, Nathalie Williams, Christina Hughes
This paper brings together both theoretically and empirically two strands of social science research: migration and developmental idealism. The paper is motivated by the fact that there are extensive bodies of research about migration and about developmental idealism, but almost no discussion in the literature about how they might be interconnected. We present theoretical arguments concerning the influence of migration in distributing developmental idealism around the world and in developmental idealism being a force influencing the migration decisions of people. We also provide an empirical investigation of how variation in developmental idealism may have been an influence on migration and choice of migration destinations in Nepal. Thus, we extend the developmental idealism literature to include migration and the migration literature to include developmental idealism.
{"title":"Developmental Idealism and Migration: Theorizing their Relationship and an Empirical Example from Nepal.","authors":"Arland Thornton, Jeffrey Swindle, Prem Bhandari, Linda Young-DeMarco, Nathalie Williams, Christina Hughes","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1837534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1837534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper brings together both theoretically and empirically two strands of social science research: migration and developmental idealism. The paper is motivated by the fact that there are extensive bodies of research about migration and about developmental idealism, but almost no discussion in the literature about how they might be interconnected. We present theoretical arguments concerning the influence of migration in distributing developmental idealism around the world and in developmental idealism being a force influencing the migration decisions of people. We also provide an empirical investigation of how variation in developmental idealism may have been an influence on migration and choice of migration destinations in Nepal. Thus, we extend the developmental idealism literature to include migration and the migration literature to include developmental idealism.</p>","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 3","pages":"818-851"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1837534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10458354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2021.1979182
Ryan Parsons
ABSTRACT Does investing in the development of rural communities exacerbate or ameliorate spatial inequalities between urban and rural areas? developments, such as expansion of national transportation networks, could have two plausible effects with respect to inequality: integration with urban areas could prompt outmigration and brain drain, or it could attract additional investment to towns and villages. Drawing on data from three waves of the China Family Panel Studies, this paper explores how the expansion of long-distance bus stations contributed to the development trajectories of rural China. By leveraging an inductive approach using mixture models, I find that expansion of transportation networks result in two contradictory processes: in some villages, expanded long distance bus travel prompts migrants who would otherwise have stayed in their villages to migrate, while in others would-be migrants stay home. Analysis finds that the outward ‘brain drain’ effect is strongest in relatively poor and remote villages. Taken together, these findings suggest that local development differentially impacts rural regions, favoring those who were already ahead and accelerating the decline of villages that had already been struggling. These findings point to the importance of understanding heterogeneity within spatial processes.
{"title":"The role of transportation development and internal migration controls in producing spatial inequality","authors":"Ryan Parsons","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2021.1979182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2021.1979182","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Does investing in the development of rural communities exacerbate or ameliorate spatial inequalities between urban and rural areas? developments, such as expansion of national transportation networks, could have two plausible effects with respect to inequality: integration with urban areas could prompt outmigration and brain drain, or it could attract additional investment to towns and villages. Drawing on data from three waves of the China Family Panel Studies, this paper explores how the expansion of long-distance bus stations contributed to the development trajectories of rural China. By leveraging an inductive approach using mixture models, I find that expansion of transportation networks result in two contradictory processes: in some villages, expanded long distance bus travel prompts migrants who would otherwise have stayed in their villages to migrate, while in others would-be migrants stay home. Analysis finds that the outward ‘brain drain’ effect is strongest in relatively poor and remote villages. Taken together, these findings suggest that local development differentially impacts rural regions, favoring those who were already ahead and accelerating the decline of villages that had already been struggling. These findings point to the importance of understanding heterogeneity within spatial processes.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"1242 - 1261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41820534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-18DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2021.1934022
P. Jaramillo, Amy E. Boren-Alpízar, S. Morales, S. Burris, C. Carpio
ABSTRACT Honduras is a Latin-American country composed of nine Indigenous groups whose communities have experienced rural-to-urban migration due to the lack of employment, access to services, and poor infrastructure. The Lenca are the largest Indigenous group in Honduras, and have experienced massive outmigration of men, leaving women in charge of agricultural production – traditionally a man’s duty. The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of migration from the perspective of the Lenca women who are members of an agricultural cooperative. For this ethnographic study, a total of 46 members participated in a migration perception activity and semi-structured interviews. Overall, participants perceived migration as a dangerous phenomenon; however, they still believe that migrating out of their communities will help them to overcome poverty.
{"title":"A love-hate relationship: An ethnographic study of migration with Lenca women in rural Honduras","authors":"P. Jaramillo, Amy E. Boren-Alpízar, S. Morales, S. Burris, C. Carpio","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2021.1934022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2021.1934022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Honduras is a Latin-American country composed of nine Indigenous groups whose communities have experienced rural-to-urban migration due to the lack of employment, access to services, and poor infrastructure. The Lenca are the largest Indigenous group in Honduras, and have experienced massive outmigration of men, leaving women in charge of agricultural production – traditionally a man’s duty. The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of migration from the perspective of the Lenca women who are members of an agricultural cooperative. For this ethnographic study, a total of 46 members participated in a migration perception activity and semi-structured interviews. Overall, participants perceived migration as a dangerous phenomenon; however, they still believe that migrating out of their communities will help them to overcome poverty.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"1218 - 1241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2021.1934022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45224321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1809280
G. Chami, Christopher Brown, Nalanda Roy
ABSTRACT In the aftermath of 11 September 2001 attack, there was increased security concern in relation to border entry of refugee claimants. Subsequent to this event, several new measures were implemented to enhance the control mechanisms to reduce the threat of terrorism. In light of the close link between refugee and security concerns, especially in relation to the fear of terrorism, this paper examines the consequences of 9/11 on the conceptualization of security and implications for refugees and migrants from Venezuela, assesses the consequences of hosting refugees by neighbouring countries of Venezuela and investigates and proffers solutions in reconciling State security and refugee security.
{"title":"The securitization of Post-9/11 reception patterns of refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants: deconstructing the Venezuelan Exodus (A case study)","authors":"G. Chami, Christopher Brown, Nalanda Roy","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1809280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809280","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the aftermath of 11 September 2001 attack, there was increased security concern in relation to border entry of refugee claimants. Subsequent to this event, several new measures were implemented to enhance the control mechanisms to reduce the threat of terrorism. In light of the close link between refugee and security concerns, especially in relation to the fear of terrorism, this paper examines the consequences of 9/11 on the conceptualization of security and implications for refugees and migrants from Venezuela, assesses the consequences of hosting refugees by neighbouring countries of Venezuela and investigates and proffers solutions in reconciling State security and refugee security.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"238 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46385930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-28DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2021.1904706
Koray Albulut
ABSTRACT The economic, ecological, and social lives of migrants are neither independent of places they emigrate nor their homeland. This dependency push immigrants to carry their historical and cultural conditions of homelands to host countries. The cultural networks between immigrants provide the reproduction of the culture in the migrated places. The social structures determined by the culture at the local scale are transferred to different places via the migration mechanism. The specific qualities of each host localities can define the boundaries of cultural ties. In other words, the economic, ecological, and social conditions of the host country determine the limits of this cultural interaction. Specific host country conditions can adjust the boundaries of culture more sensitive to local qualities. Thus, immigrants offer a unique opportunity to define how each locality understands and sets its specific and current conditions and how cultures are transferred from local to the host countries. Based on this perspective, I tried to examine how migrants from Turkey in Gothenburg convey their interactions with nature according to the specific sensitivity of the host localities.
{"title":"Nature-based experiences of immigrants from Turkey in Gothenburg","authors":"Koray Albulut","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2021.1904706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2021.1904706","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The economic, ecological, and social lives of migrants are neither independent of places they emigrate nor their homeland. This dependency push immigrants to carry their historical and cultural conditions of homelands to host countries. The cultural networks between immigrants provide the reproduction of the culture in the migrated places. The social structures determined by the culture at the local scale are transferred to different places via the migration mechanism. The specific qualities of each host localities can define the boundaries of cultural ties. In other words, the economic, ecological, and social conditions of the host country determine the limits of this cultural interaction. Specific host country conditions can adjust the boundaries of culture more sensitive to local qualities. Thus, immigrants offer a unique opportunity to define how each locality understands and sets its specific and current conditions and how cultures are transferred from local to the host countries. Based on this perspective, I tried to examine how migrants from Turkey in Gothenburg convey their interactions with nature according to the specific sensitivity of the host localities.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"1196 - 1217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2021.1904706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44393668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：