Pub Date : 2020-09-07DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1808366
T. Kamninga, Martin Phangaphanga, Winford Henderson Masanjala
ABSTRACT The study examines the impact of skill acquisition on choice of destination and occupation for migrant youth in Malawi. This study uses primary data collected under the Youth, Employment and Migration for East and Southern Africa (YEMESA) project. Drawing from multinomial logit and Probit models, the study finds that having technical skills before migrating has a statistical significant effect on migrating to long-established administrative cities with stable markets compared to new and expanding commercial cities. Further, technical skills do not have a statistically significant effect on being an entrepreneur but they increase the conditional probability of being employed for wage. Therefore, evidence from this study does not support the premise that in a rural developing economy like Malawi, technical ability can propel migration decision to a more pro-entrepreneurship destination due to convex returns to skills. Rather, lack of start-up capital remain key and prohibitive in entrepreneurship. The study also shows that women are more likely to be in wage employment than in entrepreneurship indicating that entrepreneurship bottlenecks are more severe among women and thus suggesting a need of women’s financial inclusion. Finally, the study also ascertains the role of information and expectations in the decision to migrate.
{"title":"The impact of skill acquistion on choice of occupation and destination for migrant youths in Malawi","authors":"T. Kamninga, Martin Phangaphanga, Winford Henderson Masanjala","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1808366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1808366","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study examines the impact of skill acquisition on choice of destination and occupation for migrant youth in Malawi. This study uses primary data collected under the Youth, Employment and Migration for East and Southern Africa (YEMESA) project. Drawing from multinomial logit and Probit models, the study finds that having technical skills before migrating has a statistical significant effect on migrating to long-established administrative cities with stable markets compared to new and expanding commercial cities. Further, technical skills do not have a statistically significant effect on being an entrepreneur but they increase the conditional probability of being employed for wage. Therefore, evidence from this study does not support the premise that in a rural developing economy like Malawi, technical ability can propel migration decision to a more pro-entrepreneurship destination due to convex returns to skills. Rather, lack of start-up capital remain key and prohibitive in entrepreneurship. The study also shows that women are more likely to be in wage employment than in entrepreneurship indicating that entrepreneurship bottlenecks are more severe among women and thus suggesting a need of women’s financial inclusion. Finally, the study also ascertains the role of information and expectations in the decision to migrate.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"655 - 673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1808366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45886082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-07DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1809279
Natalie Jones
ABSTRACT The small island developing states (SIDS) of the Dutch Caribbean have categorized themselves as ill-equipped to provide adequate protection for vulnerable migrants and refugees from Venezuela. Their status as semi-autonomous states with sovereignty over migration matters but whose foreign policy is governed by the Kingdom of the Netherlands distinguishes them from other SIDS in the Caribbean also experiencing increasing arrivals. The paper analyses this issue relying on interviews with elites involved in the fields of human rights, justice and migration management; content analysis of media reports; as well as archival research. The research shows that a confluence of factors has impacted the islands’ response, including their small size, regional geo-politics, and a deficient refugee protection framework. The research also reveals a contest of responsibility for migrant protection between the local and Kingdom governments, which has jeopardized the capacity of the states of Aruba and Curaçao to effectively address the migrant crisis, with negative implications for undocumented migrants. The paper contributes to forced migration scholarship by providing data on the Dutch Caribbean, which along with other countries in the Southern Caribbean have been disproportionately impacted by the crisis relative to their size.
{"title":"Between a ‘Kingdom’ and a hard place: the Dutch Caribbean and the Venezuelan migration crisis","authors":"Natalie Jones","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1809279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809279","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The small island developing states (SIDS) of the Dutch Caribbean have categorized themselves as ill-equipped to provide adequate protection for vulnerable migrants and refugees from Venezuela. Their status as semi-autonomous states with sovereignty over migration matters but whose foreign policy is governed by the Kingdom of the Netherlands distinguishes them from other SIDS in the Caribbean also experiencing increasing arrivals. The paper analyses this issue relying on interviews with elites involved in the fields of human rights, justice and migration management; content analysis of media reports; as well as archival research. The research shows that a confluence of factors has impacted the islands’ response, including their small size, regional geo-politics, and a deficient refugee protection framework. The research also reveals a contest of responsibility for migrant protection between the local and Kingdom governments, which has jeopardized the capacity of the states of Aruba and Curaçao to effectively address the migrant crisis, with negative implications for undocumented migrants. The paper contributes to forced migration scholarship by providing data on the Dutch Caribbean, which along with other countries in the Southern Caribbean have been disproportionately impacted by the crisis relative to their size.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"216 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46170438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2019.1706248
Mizanur Rahman, R. Ranjan
ABSTRACT Local migrant organization is an emerging phenomenon in many emigrant countries, where such an organization is formed and run by current or former migrants and engages in a range of philanthropic activities for community development. Research on migrant organizations tends to focus either on immigrant organizations located in the host countries or on transnational migrant organizations engaged in diaspora philanthropy with origin country. Contrary to mainstream research on migrant organizations, this paper looks at the local migrant organizations and their engagements in emigrant countries through a case study in India. Drawing on selected local migrant organizations that cater to healthcare needs in India, this paper investigates how they evolve and mobilize resources, what sort of healthcare activities they are carrying out, and how such collective efforts are contributing to the healthcare needs for the underserved community. This study reports that local migrant organizations tend to be small and resource-poor, but they reach out to the Indian periphery and serve the underprivileged sections of the society.
{"title":"Local migrant organizations in the periphery: providing healthcare in India","authors":"Mizanur Rahman, R. Ranjan","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2019.1706248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2019.1706248","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Local migrant organization is an emerging phenomenon in many emigrant countries, where such an organization is formed and run by current or former migrants and engages in a range of philanthropic activities for community development. Research on migrant organizations tends to focus either on immigrant organizations located in the host countries or on transnational migrant organizations engaged in diaspora philanthropy with origin country. Contrary to mainstream research on migrant organizations, this paper looks at the local migrant organizations and their engagements in emigrant countries through a case study in India. Drawing on selected local migrant organizations that cater to healthcare needs in India, this paper investigates how they evolve and mobilize resources, what sort of healthcare activities they are carrying out, and how such collective efforts are contributing to the healthcare needs for the underserved community. This study reports that local migrant organizations tend to be small and resource-poor, but they reach out to the Indian periphery and serve the underprivileged sections of the society.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"9 1","pages":"411 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2019.1706248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45599376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1806601
O. J. Ovharhe, S. Ebewore, S. Alakpa
ABSTRACT This study examined the agricultural causes and effects of rural-urban migration in Nigeria and its policy implications. A simple random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample size 111. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. Data analyzed revealed that major migration cause was unemployment ( = 83%) and effect was drop in agricultural output ( = 90.1%). The study inferred that there were no functional implementation of policy-based agricultural and rural development programs in actuality to reduce the exodus of rural-urban migration. The implication is that rural dwellers particularly farming youths will continue out-migration to urban areas leaving the rural environmental resources untapped. The major effect of migration was a decrease in farmers’ income. The inclusion of policy formulation and implementation in this study will boost rural agricultural productivity.
{"title":"Rural-urban migration of farmers in Delta and Edo States, Nigeria: policy implications","authors":"O. J. Ovharhe, S. Ebewore, S. Alakpa","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1806601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1806601","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined the agricultural causes and effects of rural-urban migration in Nigeria and its policy implications. A simple random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample size 111. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. Data analyzed revealed that major migration cause was unemployment ( = 83%) and effect was drop in agricultural output ( = 90.1%). The study inferred that there were no functional implementation of policy-based agricultural and rural development programs in actuality to reduce the exodus of rural-urban migration. The implication is that rural dwellers particularly farming youths will continue out-migration to urban areas leaving the rural environmental resources untapped. The major effect of migration was a decrease in farmers’ income. The inclusion of policy formulation and implementation in this study will boost rural agricultural productivity.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"163 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1806601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48430692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2019.1701840
A. Sahoo
ABSTRACT This study proposes to examine the familial bonds between children settled in the Indian diaspora and the parents who are living in India. It is argued that a close connection is maintained by the first generation diaspora with the homeland, often through the agency of parents. The intensity of visits of children to India is more frequent during the life-time of the parents besides on special familial occasions like marriage, birth, death, religious occasions, and investment decisions to purchase land or construction/renovation of the family house. There also exists a reverse flow of family networks, in terms of parents visiting their children to the diaspora for various occasions. This article tries to examine the familial bonds that exist between children settled in the diaspora and the parents who, while they are in India, visit them for a short period of time.
{"title":"Migration, diaspora and development: a study of familial bonds of Indians in the diaspora","authors":"A. Sahoo","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2019.1701840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2019.1701840","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study proposes to examine the familial bonds between children settled in the Indian diaspora and the parents who are living in India. It is argued that a close connection is maintained by the first generation diaspora with the homeland, often through the agency of parents. The intensity of visits of children to India is more frequent during the life-time of the parents besides on special familial occasions like marriage, birth, death, religious occasions, and investment decisions to purchase land or construction/renovation of the family house. There also exists a reverse flow of family networks, in terms of parents visiting their children to the diaspora for various occasions. This article tries to examine the familial bonds that exist between children settled in the diaspora and the parents who, while they are in India, visit them for a short period of time.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"9 1","pages":"467 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2019.1701840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45296092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1826201
S. Rajan
ABSTRACT In my final editorial, as the Editor-in-Chief of Migration and Development, I look back at my time as a migration scholar for close to three decades and the ways in which the field has slowly expanded, giving rise to platform such as this journal for migrant scholars globally to showcase their ideas on the various facets of migration and development. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has altered the future of migration and gaining a clear picture of the world at hand is imperative. What will be the effect of this virus on mobility across and beyond borders? This article examines the role of large scale migration surveys in understanding that future. Focusing on the example of Kerala, the article highlights the role of the Kerala Migration Survey (KMS) which has provided data on stocks of emigrants, return emigrants, cost of migration, use of remittances and migration corridors since 1998 The article shows how the Government of Kerala effectively utilized this data to manage the spread of the pandemic and its subsequent socio-economic impact on individuals, communities and society and organize policies and programs as well as to prepare for eventual return migrants for their integration and rehabilitation. Given that the KMS model has been successfully replicated in some of the major states in India, we proposed the KMS model to be replicated nationwide as an India Migration Survey and globally, given the challenges to come in terms of new emerging trends and patterns of migration in post-pandemic world.
{"title":"Migrants at a crossroads: COVID-19 and challenges to migration","authors":"S. Rajan","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1826201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1826201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In my final editorial, as the Editor-in-Chief of Migration and Development, I look back at my time as a migration scholar for close to three decades and the ways in which the field has slowly expanded, giving rise to platform such as this journal for migrant scholars globally to showcase their ideas on the various facets of migration and development. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has altered the future of migration and gaining a clear picture of the world at hand is imperative. What will be the effect of this virus on mobility across and beyond borders? This article examines the role of large scale migration surveys in understanding that future. Focusing on the example of Kerala, the article highlights the role of the Kerala Migration Survey (KMS) which has provided data on stocks of emigrants, return emigrants, cost of migration, use of remittances and migration corridors since 1998 The article shows how the Government of Kerala effectively utilized this data to manage the spread of the pandemic and its subsequent socio-economic impact on individuals, communities and society and organize policies and programs as well as to prepare for eventual return migrants for their integration and rehabilitation. Given that the KMS model has been successfully replicated in some of the major states in India, we proposed the KMS model to be replicated nationwide as an India Migration Survey and globally, given the challenges to come in terms of new emerging trends and patterns of migration in post-pandemic world.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"9 1","pages":"323 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1826201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45769918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1809281
M. Anatol, Quinnelle-Marie Kangalee
ABSTRACT Trinidad and Tobago has been subjected to rising crime over the last decade; there is now concern that increased migration from Venezuela will add to this trend, leaving the host government less equipped to deal with the rising phenomenon. The 2019 amnesty granted by the government to undocumented Venezuelan migrants has increased concerns related to the socioeconomic and security impact of this migration flow; this has subsequently been transmuted to a rising ‘anti-Venezuelan’ sentiment in the country. This article seeks to interrogate the real and perceived impact of this influx of Venezuelans on crime and security in Trinidad and Tobago by evaluating media reports and articles published on the issue, and reviewing the literature on the rising crime rate in Trinidad and Tobago. It was noted that the media has contributed to an increasing sentiment of suspicion and paranoia towards Venezuelan immigrants which serves to anecdotally attribute increased crime levels to this group. Further, as there is a dearth of official statistics to differentiate the criminal activities of the Venezuelans vis-à-vis the Trinidad and Tobago nationals, it is hard to definitively attribute increases in crime to the migrants. The authors conclude with the presentation of potential policy recommendations to address the issues.
{"title":"Crime in Trinidad and Tobago: the possible impacts of increased crime due to migration from Venezuela","authors":"M. Anatol, Quinnelle-Marie Kangalee","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1809281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809281","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Trinidad and Tobago has been subjected to rising crime over the last decade; there is now concern that increased migration from Venezuela will add to this trend, leaving the host government less equipped to deal with the rising phenomenon. The 2019 amnesty granted by the government to undocumented Venezuelan migrants has increased concerns related to the socioeconomic and security impact of this migration flow; this has subsequently been transmuted to a rising ‘anti-Venezuelan’ sentiment in the country. This article seeks to interrogate the real and perceived impact of this influx of Venezuelans on crime and security in Trinidad and Tobago by evaluating media reports and articles published on the issue, and reviewing the literature on the rising crime rate in Trinidad and Tobago. It was noted that the media has contributed to an increasing sentiment of suspicion and paranoia towards Venezuelan immigrants which serves to anecdotally attribute increased crime levels to this group. Further, as there is a dearth of official statistics to differentiate the criminal activities of the Venezuelans vis-à-vis the Trinidad and Tobago nationals, it is hard to definitively attribute increases in crime to the migrants. The authors conclude with the presentation of potential policy recommendations to address the issues.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"260 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48556575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1809277
Walter Benjamín Rivera Coria
ABSTRACT The states of the Andean Community of Nations (ACN) have made collective commitments to reform their institutional and regulatory systems for risk and disaster management, from the perspective of processes and the ‘risk continuum’, is proposed by experts as a more convenient alternative to mainstreaming. This vision is consistent with IOM’s recent approach to forced migration as a result of climate ‘processes’. However, ACN is not a homogeneous regional bloc and the national constitutions of the countries that compose it, some of them completely renewed a few years ago, can become so descriptive that they inhibit the structuring of a formulation with such characteristics. This article presents an analytical-descriptive exploration of the capacity of the national constitutions of the four ACN countries to host a disaster risk management model that embraces climate migration in terms of processes.The methodological-legal approach is exploratory-descriptive, using the deductive, systemic and exegetical method, to offer an empirical-normative approach.
{"title":"Constitutional elements for a processes-based logic related to climatic migrations in countries of the Andean Community of Nations","authors":"Walter Benjamín Rivera Coria","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1809277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809277","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The states of the Andean Community of Nations (ACN) have made collective commitments to reform their institutional and regulatory systems for risk and disaster management, from the perspective of processes and the ‘risk continuum’, is proposed by experts as a more convenient alternative to mainstreaming. This vision is consistent with IOM’s recent approach to forced migration as a result of climate ‘processes’. However, ACN is not a homogeneous regional bloc and the national constitutions of the countries that compose it, some of them completely renewed a few years ago, can become so descriptive that they inhibit the structuring of a formulation with such characteristics. This article presents an analytical-descriptive exploration of the capacity of the national constitutions of the four ACN countries to host a disaster risk management model that embraces climate migration in terms of processes.The methodological-legal approach is exploratory-descriptive, using the deductive, systemic and exegetical method, to offer an empirical-normative approach.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"181 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48188116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-26DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1806602
N. Vasundhara
ABSTRACT Domestic work has emerged as a widespread occupation amongst rural women migrating to urban cities in India for lucrative employment. Their accommodation is fraught with a challenging adjustment to the city as a space which is unfamiliar and isolating. I focus on the nature of the city and how migrants re-define it. Through this article I try to delineate the interrupted lives, or rather, the broken biography of the female worker as migrations from rural to urban areas create socio-cultural disruptions to her story. I postulate this disorienting exposure to an unfamiliar urban setting as an important requisite in situating her labour in middle/upper-class homes. Paid domestic work has commonly been understood as extensions of unpaid housework. She is familiarized into doing tasks by her urban employers. This familiarization however, at an ideological level, rhetorically questions female domesticity as she is re-trained into gendered roles that society has historically believed to be hers. Ethnographic research conducted at Jeevanlalbasti/working-class neighbourhood, located in an urban residential area of south Delhi, attests to this. Oral history as a methodological tool has allowed this study to account for upheavals experienced in social lives and interpret local histories of migrant domestic workers.
{"title":"Broken Biographies: framing Migration among Female Domestic Workers in India","authors":"N. Vasundhara","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1806602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1806602","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Domestic work has emerged as a widespread occupation amongst rural women migrating to urban cities in India for lucrative employment. Their accommodation is fraught with a challenging adjustment to the city as a space which is unfamiliar and isolating. I focus on the nature of the city and how migrants re-define it. Through this article I try to delineate the interrupted lives, or rather, the broken biography of the female worker as migrations from rural to urban areas create socio-cultural disruptions to her story. I postulate this disorienting exposure to an unfamiliar urban setting as an important requisite in situating her labour in middle/upper-class homes. Paid domestic work has commonly been understood as extensions of unpaid housework. She is familiarized into doing tasks by her urban employers. This familiarization however, at an ideological level, rhetorically questions female domesticity as she is re-trained into gendered roles that society has historically believed to be hers. Ethnographic research conducted at Jeevanlalbasti/working-class neighbourhood, located in an urban residential area of south Delhi, attests to this. Oral history as a methodological tool has allowed this study to account for upheavals experienced in social lives and interpret local histories of migrant domestic workers.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"580 - 599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1806602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41689574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-25DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1809263
B. Dhar, R. Bhagat
ABSTRACT India is a country with one of the largest emigrants with 17 million Indians living outside the country compared with 450 million internal migrants. During the 1970s and the 1980s, there was concern that India was losing its educated and skilled workforce to the Western countries, popularly known as ‘brain drain’. With the recent changes in the global economy, growing unemployment rates in the developed countries and rapid growth of Indian economy there is a likelihood that the reverse brain drain has also been occurring. This is equally applicable for internal migration as well. However, there is no systematic study to know the magnitude and characteristics of return migration in India. This study examines the return migration, both internal and international, in India and also examines the socio-economic and household characteristics of return migrants. Data from the National Sample Survey (NSS) 64th round, India, 2007–08 has been used to study the magnitude and characteristics of return migrants. This study fulfils an important gap in India’s migration studies.
{"title":"Return migration in India: internal and international dimensions","authors":"B. Dhar, R. Bhagat","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1809263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809263","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT India is a country with one of the largest emigrants with 17 million Indians living outside the country compared with 450 million internal migrants. During the 1970s and the 1980s, there was concern that India was losing its educated and skilled workforce to the Western countries, popularly known as ‘brain drain’. With the recent changes in the global economy, growing unemployment rates in the developed countries and rapid growth of Indian economy there is a likelihood that the reverse brain drain has also been occurring. This is equally applicable for internal migration as well. However, there is no systematic study to know the magnitude and characteristics of return migration in India. This study examines the return migration, both internal and international, in India and also examines the socio-economic and household characteristics of return migrants. Data from the National Sample Survey (NSS) 64th round, India, 2007–08 has been used to study the magnitude and characteristics of return migrants. This study fulfils an important gap in India’s migration studies.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"107 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1809263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43750608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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