Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000267
Shoorvir V. Singh, K. Chaubey, G. Kumaresan, R. Gupta, A. K. Bhatia, A. Rathore, Saurabh Gupta, Manju Singh
{"title":"Molecular Diversity and Homology in Six CFPs Genes in the Novel BioType, 'Indian Bison Type' of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis of Goat Origin vs. other Biotypes","authors":"Shoorvir V. Singh, K. Chaubey, G. Kumaresan, R. Gupta, A. K. Bhatia, A. Rathore, Saurabh Gupta, Manju Singh","doi":"10.4172/2161-1068.1000267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1068.1000267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74235,"journal":{"name":"Mycobacterial diseases : tuberculosis & leprosy","volume":"08 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70585128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000263
N. Khare, P. Khare, D. Singh
In the present scenario, tuberculosis is of the most infectious disease which is caused when Mycobacterium tuberculosis gets encountered into the body. Tuberculosis being a communicable disease or transferrable disease, it is easily passed down to other person who remains in contact to the infected person by the process of inhaling air droplets carrying that particular bacteria. Tuberculosis mainly affects the lungs, but it can also affect the other organs. When this bacteria encounters in the body, the immune cells checks and control pathogen. However this disease remains latent but can become active at any time after some years when the particular immune system is weakened. If this disease is not treated at that time, then this disease can also become life- threating illness.
{"title":"A Review: History, Structure, Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis Disease","authors":"N. Khare, P. Khare, D. Singh","doi":"10.4172/2161-1068.1000263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1068.1000263","url":null,"abstract":"In the present scenario, tuberculosis is of the most infectious disease which is caused when Mycobacterium tuberculosis gets encountered into the body. Tuberculosis being a communicable disease or transferrable disease, it is easily passed down to other person who remains in contact to the infected person by the process of inhaling air droplets carrying that particular bacteria. Tuberculosis mainly affects the lungs, but it can also affect the other organs. When this bacteria encounters in the body, the immune cells checks and control pathogen. However this disease remains latent but can become active at any time after some years when the particular immune system is weakened. If this disease is not treated at that time, then this disease can also become life- threating illness.","PeriodicalId":74235,"journal":{"name":"Mycobacterial diseases : tuberculosis & leprosy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1068.1000263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70585341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000264
R. Radhakrishnan, S. Prabuseenivasan, S. Balaji, D. Sangamithirai, P. Nagarajan, C. Ponnuraja, Uma Devi Kr, Kumar, N. Selvakumar
{"title":"Assessment of Training on Culture and Drug Sensitivity Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at a National Reference Laboratory","authors":"R. Radhakrishnan, S. Prabuseenivasan, S. Balaji, D. Sangamithirai, P. Nagarajan, C. Ponnuraja, Uma Devi Kr, Kumar, N. Selvakumar","doi":"10.4172/2161-1068.1000264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1068.1000264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74235,"journal":{"name":"Mycobacterial diseases : tuberculosis & leprosy","volume":"08 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70585365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000268
I. Chaoui, A. Oudghiri, Mzibri Mei
The present review draw a picture of the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Morocco since 1997 based on many national studies that have analysed; MTB population structure, by applying genetic approaches such as IS6110RFLP, spoligotyping and MIRUs-VNTR, with the goal of presenting the MTB genetic landscape in Morocco and the transmission dynamics of TB within the population. Overall, MTBC population structure in Morocco is almost clonal, highly homogeneous and stable. Importantly, a prospective genotyping program has to be set up to better evaluate the routes of infection and transmission of TB in Morocco.
{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis and Transmission Dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Morocco","authors":"I. Chaoui, A. Oudghiri, Mzibri Mei","doi":"10.4172/2161-1068.1000268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1068.1000268","url":null,"abstract":"The present review draw a picture of the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Morocco since 1997 based on many national studies that have analysed; MTB population structure, by applying genetic approaches such as IS6110RFLP, spoligotyping and MIRUs-VNTR, with the goal of presenting the MTB genetic landscape in Morocco and the transmission dynamics of TB within the population. Overall, MTBC population structure in Morocco is almost clonal, highly homogeneous and stable. Importantly, a prospective genotyping program has to be set up to better evaluate the routes of infection and transmission of TB in Morocco.","PeriodicalId":74235,"journal":{"name":"Mycobacterial diseases : tuberculosis & leprosy","volume":"08 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70585589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000257
G. AngelineGrace
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing and underdeveloped nations. To add to the burden, drug resistant TB is on the rise and India is handling the dual burden of drug sensitive TB and resistant TB. Previously treated TB cases when compared to the newly diagnosed, have poor treatment success rates and nearly seven times higher incidence of multi drug resistant TB. Proper management of patients treated with Category-II anti-tuberculous treatment (ATT) can result in decrease in emergence of drug resistant bacilli and interruption of disease transmission. Very few studies have reported the treatment outcomes of re-treatment cases and the associated factors in the literature. Favourable outcome rates are highly variable among the failure, relapse and default subgroups. There are many challenges faced by the treating physicians in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the re-treatment cases. This review describes the outcomes of patients treated with Category-II ATT and the challenges in managing the previously treated cases successfully. Relapse type of retreatment cases had better success rates compared to other subgroups.
{"title":"Treatment Outcomes among Patients Treated With Category II Antituberculosis Regimen: Short Review","authors":"G. AngelineGrace","doi":"10.4172/2161-1068.1000257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1068.1000257","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing and underdeveloped nations. To add to the burden, drug resistant TB is on the rise and India is handling the dual burden of drug sensitive TB and resistant TB. Previously treated TB cases when compared to the newly diagnosed, have poor treatment success rates and nearly seven times higher incidence of multi drug resistant TB. Proper management of patients treated with Category-II anti-tuberculous treatment (ATT) can result in decrease in emergence of drug resistant bacilli and interruption of disease transmission. Very few studies have reported the treatment outcomes of re-treatment cases and the associated factors in the literature. Favourable outcome rates are highly variable among the failure, relapse and default subgroups. There are many challenges faced by the treating physicians in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the re-treatment cases. This review describes the outcomes of patients treated with Category-II ATT and the challenges in managing the previously treated cases successfully. Relapse type of retreatment cases had better success rates compared to other subgroups.","PeriodicalId":74235,"journal":{"name":"Mycobacterial diseases : tuberculosis & leprosy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70584889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000258
A. Terefe, Lami Abebe Gebrewold
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that has a major health problem over the centuries and it has accounted for more human misery suffering and loss of earning and failure of economic and social development than any other disease. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of prognostic factors associated with time to recovery of adult TB patients who were under treatment follow-up of Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: The data was obtained from medical records of TB patients registered during September 2011 to August 2016 and treated under the DOTS program. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards model were applied. Backward selection procedure was used in variable selection. Results: In this study, 75% were recovered, 4.4% died, 9.7% defaulted, and 4.9% failure, while 6% transferred out rate. The median recovery time of the patients was 185 days (6 months and 5 days) but it varies depending on the covariates included in the study. TB Type (P<0.001), family size (P=0.035), Co-morbidity (P=0.045) and bodyweight (P=0.044) at baseline had a statistically significant. Conclusion: The effects of TB type, family size, co-morbidity and bodyweight at baseline had a statistically significant impact on time-to-recovery. The variables that are significant should be considered during the selection phase a treatment (combination of treatments) for TB.
{"title":"Modeling Time to Recovery of Adult Tuberculosis (Tb) Patients in MizanTepi University Teaching Hospital, South-West Ethiopia","authors":"A. Terefe, Lami Abebe Gebrewold","doi":"10.4172/2161-1068.1000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1068.1000258","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that has a major health problem over the centuries and it has accounted for more human misery suffering and loss of earning and failure of economic and social development than any other disease. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of prognostic factors associated with time to recovery of adult TB patients who were under treatment follow-up of Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: The data was obtained from medical records of TB patients registered during September 2011 to August 2016 and treated under the DOTS program. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards model were applied. Backward selection procedure was used in variable selection. Results: In this study, 75% were recovered, 4.4% died, 9.7% defaulted, and 4.9% failure, while 6% transferred out rate. The median recovery time of the patients was 185 days (6 months and 5 days) but it varies depending on the covariates included in the study. TB Type (P<0.001), family size (P=0.035), Co-morbidity (P=0.045) and bodyweight (P=0.044) at baseline had a statistically significant. Conclusion: The effects of TB type, family size, co-morbidity and bodyweight at baseline had a statistically significant impact on time-to-recovery. The variables that are significant should be considered during the selection phase a treatment (combination of treatments) for TB.","PeriodicalId":74235,"journal":{"name":"Mycobacterial diseases : tuberculosis & leprosy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70585036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000271
D. Jovanovic, A. Rich, N. Samardžić, S. Popević, L. Marković-Denić, V. Škodrić-Trifunović, Marina Roks, ic Milenkovic, S. Bilaçeroğlu, M. Gajić, V. Ćeriman, Ivana Vukanić, B. Ilić
Setting: Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is a chronic, often unrecognized form of the disease with a complicated clinical course and significant airway complications. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate common clinical features amongst individuals with bronchoscopic biopsy proven EBTB during a 20 year period in Serbia. Design: An observational study of 212 patients with bronchoscopic biopsy proven EBTB between January 1993 and December 2012. Retrospective case note review was undertaken, including all clinical, microbiological and radiological evidence, at the University Hospital of Pulmonology, Belgrade. Results: All patients were caucasian and HIV-negative, with a male to female ratio of 1.28:1. Every patient had an abnormal chest X-ray. The most common endoscopic features were oedematous hypereamic (39.2%) and nonspecific bronchitis (35.8%). Microbiological culture rate was 64.6%. Sputum culture was positive in 55.2%, bronchial washing culture positive in 36.8%, and both in 27.4%. Conclusion: Most patients with EBTB have concurrent pulmonary lesions. Bronchoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool for EBTB. Early diagnosis and early onset of therapy is of crucial importance to prevent the development of bronchostenosis.
{"title":"Endobronchial Tuberculosis in Serbia over a 20 Year Period: Analysis and Review of Current Literature","authors":"D. Jovanovic, A. Rich, N. Samardžić, S. Popević, L. Marković-Denić, V. Škodrić-Trifunović, Marina Roks, ic Milenkovic, S. Bilaçeroğlu, M. Gajić, V. Ćeriman, Ivana Vukanić, B. Ilić","doi":"10.4172/2161-1068.1000271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1068.1000271","url":null,"abstract":"Setting: Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is a chronic, often unrecognized form of the disease with a complicated clinical course and significant airway complications. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate common clinical features amongst individuals with bronchoscopic biopsy proven EBTB during a 20 year period in Serbia. Design: An observational study of 212 patients with bronchoscopic biopsy proven EBTB between January 1993 and December 2012. Retrospective case note review was undertaken, including all clinical, microbiological and radiological evidence, at the University Hospital of Pulmonology, Belgrade. Results: All patients were caucasian and HIV-negative, with a male to female ratio of 1.28:1. Every patient had an abnormal chest X-ray. The most common endoscopic features were oedematous hypereamic (39.2%) and nonspecific bronchitis (35.8%). Microbiological culture rate was 64.6%. Sputum culture was positive in 55.2%, bronchial washing culture positive in 36.8%, and both in 27.4%. Conclusion: Most patients with EBTB have concurrent pulmonary lesions. Bronchoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool for EBTB. Early diagnosis and early onset of therapy is of crucial importance to prevent the development of bronchostenosis.","PeriodicalId":74235,"journal":{"name":"Mycobacterial diseases : tuberculosis & leprosy","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70585621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-21DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000250
Y. Himasree, K. Sukanya, K. Bhavyasri, K. Amrutha, Kothandam Hariprasath
Drug resistance is reduction in effectiveness of an anti-microbial agents used in inhibiting the microorganisms or curing a disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for causing tuberculosis can acquire multiple drug resistance by not responding to Isoniazid and Rifampicin the two most powerful anti-TB agents. The complications of drug resistance in TB elevates due to some of the risk factors like inadequate treatment compliance, noncompliance of the patients to the treatment. Proper diagnosis of the disease and switching to modified drug therapy may improve the treatment outcome. The drug treatment involves usage of combination of drugs Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol along with other antimicrobial agents, and nutritional therapy, immunotherapy. In this review we discussed about the occurrence, treatment of multi drug resistance tuberculosis along with drugs under trials and nutritional requirements.
{"title":"Recent Trends in Treatment of Multidrug Resistant-Tuberculosis-A Review","authors":"Y. Himasree, K. Sukanya, K. Bhavyasri, K. Amrutha, Kothandam Hariprasath","doi":"10.4172/2161-1068.1000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1068.1000250","url":null,"abstract":"Drug resistance is reduction in effectiveness of an anti-microbial agents used in inhibiting the microorganisms or curing a disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for causing tuberculosis can acquire multiple drug resistance by not responding to Isoniazid and Rifampicin the two most powerful anti-TB agents. The complications of drug resistance in TB elevates due to some of the risk factors like inadequate treatment compliance, noncompliance of the patients to the treatment. \u0000Proper diagnosis of the disease and switching to modified drug therapy may improve the treatment outcome. The drug treatment involves usage of combination of drugs Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol along with other antimicrobial agents, and nutritional therapy, immunotherapy. In this review we discussed about the occurrence, treatment of multi drug resistance tuberculosis along with drugs under trials and nutritional requirements.","PeriodicalId":74235,"journal":{"name":"Mycobacterial diseases : tuberculosis & leprosy","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1068.1000250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41363106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-10DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000249
Grace Moraa Orina, Samson Adoka Ong'wen, A. Amolo, Ondimu Thomas Orindi
The laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in resourcelimited countries are often based on X-ray and sputum smear microscopy. These diagnostic tools require experts, have long turnaround time, and cannot detect resistance to Tuberculosis (TB) drugs and TB in individuals with Human immunodeficiency virus. Recently there was development of GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay that has a short turnaround time and can detect resistance to rifampicin among TB patients but its utility has not been evaluated in Kenya. This study investigated the comparative sensitivity and specificity of smear microscopy and culture relative to GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay among suspected TB patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nyamira County Referral Hospital among suspected TB patients and both results recorded. Culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis served as the reference standard. The results of this study showed that among 682 enrolled participants, 182(26.69%) were diagnosed TB positive while 500 (73.31%) no TB. GeneXpert mtb/rif had a higher sensitivity (100%) and specificity (99.4%) relative to culture and a positive predictive value of (98.4%) and a negative predictive value of (100%). Smear microscopy revealed low sensitivity (26.4%) and a higher specificity (98.2%). A concordance analysis of smear microscopy and GeneXpert was done. The findings revealed a significant (patients showed resistance to either one of the TB drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid and Ethambutol) while none of the enrolled patients were resistant to streptomycin. In conclusion Gene Xpert MTB/Rif test had high sensitivity compared to smear microscopy. For rifampicin resistance detection, it provided accurate results. My recommendation to the Division of TB and lung diseases is to roll out the Gene Xpert mtb/rif machines to all health care facilities.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Smear Microscopy, Gene Xpert and Culture and Sensitivity Assays in Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Sputum Samples among Tuberculosis Suspected Cases in Nyamira County Referral Hospital","authors":"Grace Moraa Orina, Samson Adoka Ong'wen, A. Amolo, Ondimu Thomas Orindi","doi":"10.4172/2161-1068.1000249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1068.1000249","url":null,"abstract":"The laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in resourcelimited \u0000 countries are often based on X-ray and sputum smear microscopy. These diagnostic tools require experts, \u0000 have long turnaround time, and cannot detect resistance to Tuberculosis (TB) drugs and TB in individuals with \u0000 Human immunodeficiency virus. Recently there was development of GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay that has a short \u0000 turnaround time and can detect resistance to rifampicin among TB patients but its utility has not been evaluated in \u0000 Kenya. This study investigated the comparative sensitivity and specificity of smear microscopy and culture relative to GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay among suspected TB patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nyamira County \u0000 Referral Hospital among suspected TB patients and both results recorded. Culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis served as the reference standard. The results of this study showed that among 682 enrolled participants, \u0000 182(26.69%) were diagnosed TB positive while 500 (73.31%) no TB. GeneXpert mtb/rif had a higher sensitivity \u0000 (100%) and specificity (99.4%) relative to culture and a positive predictive value of (98.4%) and a negative predictive \u0000 value of (100%). Smear microscopy revealed low sensitivity (26.4%) and a higher specificity (98.2%). A \u0000 concordance analysis of smear microscopy and GeneXpert was done. The findings revealed a significant (patients \u0000 showed resistance to either one of the TB drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid and Ethambutol) while none of the enrolled \u0000 patients were resistant to streptomycin. In conclusion Gene Xpert MTB/Rif test had high sensitivity compared to \u0000 smear microscopy. For rifampicin resistance detection, it provided accurate results. My recommendation to the \u0000 Division of TB and lung diseases is to roll out the Gene Xpert mtb/rif machines to all health care facilities.","PeriodicalId":74235,"journal":{"name":"Mycobacterial diseases : tuberculosis & leprosy","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1068.1000249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47739255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-20DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000248
P. Mehta, R. Dharra, Zoozeal Thakur
Various animal models are used to study the immunology, genetics and molecular biology of Tuberculosis (TB) as well as for testing the new vaccines and drugs. Mice are widely used to study the immunology of chronic TB infection, while guinea pigs are used for aerosol TB infection and rabbits are used to study the lung cavitations. Cattle are natural host to Mycobacterium bovis infection, which act as a connecting link between the small laboratory animals and human counterparts for testing the vaccine efficacy. By using cattle as an experimental model, the disease outcome is understood through natural infection with M. bovis and a comparison can be made with M. tuberculosis infection. In this manuscript, the utility of cattle in understanding the progression of disease and the immunological correlates to evaluate the protective efficacy of vaccines are described.
{"title":"Cattle as Experimental Model to Study Immunopathogenesis of Tuberculosis","authors":"P. Mehta, R. Dharra, Zoozeal Thakur","doi":"10.4172/2161-1068.1000248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1068.1000248","url":null,"abstract":"Various animal models are used to study the immunology, genetics and molecular biology of Tuberculosis (TB) as \u0000 well as for testing the new vaccines and drugs. Mice are widely used to study the immunology of chronic TB \u0000 infection, while guinea pigs are used for aerosol TB infection and rabbits are used to study the lung cavitations. \u0000 Cattle are natural host to Mycobacterium bovis infection, which act as a connecting link between the small laboratory \u0000 animals and human counterparts for testing the vaccine efficacy. By using cattle as an experimental model, the \u0000 disease outcome is understood through natural infection with M. bovis and a comparison can be made with M. \u0000 tuberculosis infection. In this manuscript, the utility of cattle in understanding the progression of disease and the \u0000 immunological correlates to evaluate the protective efficacy of vaccines are described.","PeriodicalId":74235,"journal":{"name":"Mycobacterial diseases : tuberculosis & leprosy","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1068.1000248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41426316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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