Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00284-9
Ming Chen, J. Paul Chen
The electro-Fenton process offers great potential for the treatment of contaminated water, but its industrial applications are limited due to a lack of electrocatalysts with effective cycling functionality. The electro-responsive catalyst enables continuous cycling of Fe(III)/Fe(II) species for electro-driven regeneration of the Fe(II) catalyst, leading to stable and efficient degradation of organic pollutants.
{"title":"Achieving cycling catalysis of electro-Fenton treatment","authors":"Ming Chen, J. Paul Chen","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00284-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00284-9","url":null,"abstract":"The electro-Fenton process offers great potential for the treatment of contaminated water, but its industrial applications are limited due to a lack of electrocatalysts with effective cycling functionality. The electro-responsive catalyst enables continuous cycling of Fe(III)/Fe(II) species for electro-driven regeneration of the Fe(II) catalyst, leading to stable and efficient degradation of organic pollutants.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 8","pages":"702-703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00286-7
Ashkan Zolfaghari, Joel Gehman, Andrew J. Kondash, Kurt O. Konhauser, Yong Sik Ok, Avner Vengosh, Daniel S. Alessi
Hydrocarbon recovery from conventional and unconventional wells, such as those using hydraulic fracturing (HF), generates substantial volumes of highly saline wastewater, known as flowback and produced water (FPW). Traditional evaluations of FPW management have focused on volume and chemical additives in HF fluids, neglecting variations in FPW volumetric production and salinity. Here we introduce two parameters to better assess the environmental impact of FPW: total produced salts (TPS), which accounts for both volume and salinity, and produced salts intensity, the ratio of TPS to the energy content of recovered hydrocarbons. Analysing a database of over 620,000 HF and conventional wells in North America, we found that more than 355 billion tonnes of salts were produced from 2005 to 2019, with HF wells contributing over 85%. Projections indicate that more than 1.5 trillion tonnes of salts will be produced by wells drilled between 2019 and 2050, predominantly from HF wells. TPS and produced salts intensity are crucial for assessing environmental risks, treatment costs and resource extraction potential, providing valuable metrics for regulators and planners. Recovering hydrocarbons from oil and gas wells results in highly saline wastewater, also known as flowback and produced water. The introduction of two parameters to estimate the environmental impact of these by-products, relative to energy produced, provides an important tool for assessing the risks associated with the planning and use of wells.
{"title":"Wastewater production footprint of conventional and unconventional oil and gas wells in North America","authors":"Ashkan Zolfaghari, Joel Gehman, Andrew J. Kondash, Kurt O. Konhauser, Yong Sik Ok, Avner Vengosh, Daniel S. Alessi","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00286-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00286-7","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrocarbon recovery from conventional and unconventional wells, such as those using hydraulic fracturing (HF), generates substantial volumes of highly saline wastewater, known as flowback and produced water (FPW). Traditional evaluations of FPW management have focused on volume and chemical additives in HF fluids, neglecting variations in FPW volumetric production and salinity. Here we introduce two parameters to better assess the environmental impact of FPW: total produced salts (TPS), which accounts for both volume and salinity, and produced salts intensity, the ratio of TPS to the energy content of recovered hydrocarbons. Analysing a database of over 620,000 HF and conventional wells in North America, we found that more than 355 billion tonnes of salts were produced from 2005 to 2019, with HF wells contributing over 85%. Projections indicate that more than 1.5 trillion tonnes of salts will be produced by wells drilled between 2019 and 2050, predominantly from HF wells. TPS and produced salts intensity are crucial for assessing environmental risks, treatment costs and resource extraction potential, providing valuable metrics for regulators and planners. Recovering hydrocarbons from oil and gas wells results in highly saline wastewater, also known as flowback and produced water. The introduction of two parameters to estimate the environmental impact of these by-products, relative to energy produced, provides an important tool for assessing the risks associated with the planning and use of wells.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 8","pages":"749-757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00282-x
Junjie Wang, Alexander F. Bouwman, Lauriane Vilmin, Arthur H. W. Beusen, Wim J. van Hoek, Xiaochen Liu, Jack J. Middelburg
Inland waters are an important component of the global nitrogen (N) cycle, functioning not only as land-to-sea transporters but also as active biogeochemical reactors. However, the latter role is not well understood regarding mechanisms, quantities or on a global scale. It remains unclear whether, when, how and why global inland-water biogeochemical N cycling has changed. Here we analyse the dynamic global inland-water N cycling processes in the Anthropocene by quantifying the long-term changes in different N forms, including their inputs to inland waters, transformation pathways, retention within inland waters, and river export to oceans. Using a spatially explicit, mechanistic, coupled hydrology and biogeochemistry model, we show that, during 1900–2010, the increase in total nitrogen (TN) river loading (from 27 to 68 Tg yr−1) resulted in an increase in TN export to oceans (from 20 to 42 Tg yr−1), despite an increase in inland-water retention (from 25% to 39%) primarily due to gaseous loss and burial. Moreover, the relative contributions of ammonium (NH4+), nitrate/nitrite (NOx−) and organic nitrogen (ON) changed because of threefold increases in global inland-water mineralization (transforming ON to NH4+) and N burial in sediments, a fourfold increase in nitrification (transforming NH4+ to NOx−) and a sixfold increase in denitrification (transforming NOx− to mainly N2). This Article presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic global inland-water N cycling processes using a coupled model of hydrology, nutrient loading and biogeochemical transformation, showing that N export increased more slowly than loading due to increased inland-water retention via enhanced transformation and burial.
{"title":"Global inland-water nitrogen cycling has accelerated in the Anthropocene","authors":"Junjie Wang, Alexander F. Bouwman, Lauriane Vilmin, Arthur H. W. Beusen, Wim J. van Hoek, Xiaochen Liu, Jack J. Middelburg","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00282-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00282-x","url":null,"abstract":"Inland waters are an important component of the global nitrogen (N) cycle, functioning not only as land-to-sea transporters but also as active biogeochemical reactors. However, the latter role is not well understood regarding mechanisms, quantities or on a global scale. It remains unclear whether, when, how and why global inland-water biogeochemical N cycling has changed. Here we analyse the dynamic global inland-water N cycling processes in the Anthropocene by quantifying the long-term changes in different N forms, including their inputs to inland waters, transformation pathways, retention within inland waters, and river export to oceans. Using a spatially explicit, mechanistic, coupled hydrology and biogeochemistry model, we show that, during 1900–2010, the increase in total nitrogen (TN) river loading (from 27 to 68 Tg yr−1) resulted in an increase in TN export to oceans (from 20 to 42 Tg yr−1), despite an increase in inland-water retention (from 25% to 39%) primarily due to gaseous loss and burial. Moreover, the relative contributions of ammonium (NH4+), nitrate/nitrite (NOx−) and organic nitrogen (ON) changed because of threefold increases in global inland-water mineralization (transforming ON to NH4+) and N burial in sediments, a fourfold increase in nitrification (transforming NH4+ to NOx−) and a sixfold increase in denitrification (transforming NOx− to mainly N2). This Article presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic global inland-water N cycling processes using a coupled model of hydrology, nutrient loading and biogeochemical transformation, showing that N export increased more slowly than loading due to increased inland-water retention via enhanced transformation and burial.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 8","pages":"729-740"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00294-7
Jamie C. DeWitt
Despite positive signs regarding the decreasing presence of specific PFAS in the blood of sampled humans, we do not know enough about this broad class of substances to justify stopping research on their toxicity.
{"title":"It’s too soon to stop studying the potential effects of PFAS on human health","authors":"Jamie C. DeWitt","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00294-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00294-7","url":null,"abstract":"Despite positive signs regarding the decreasing presence of specific PFAS in the blood of sampled humans, we do not know enough about this broad class of substances to justify stopping research on their toxicity.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 8","pages":"700-701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00279-6
Camille Violet, Akash Ball, Mohammad Heiranian, Luis Francisco Villalobos, Junwei Zhang, Betul Uralcan, Heather Kulik, Amir Haji-Akbari, Menachem Elimelech
A new class of membranes that can separate ions of similar size and charge is highly desired for resource recovery, water reuse and energy storage technologies. These separations require membrane nanochannels with simultaneous ångström-scale confinement and ion-selective binding sites. Conventional membrane material design uses continuous, volume-averaged properties that cannot account for discrete chemical interactions between ions and binding sites. In this Perspective, we present a design framework for ultraselective membranes by describing how to select and incorporate ion-specific binding sites into membrane nanochannels. We begin by discussing how the chemical features of ions, functional groups and solvents impact ion-binding energy. We then describe the role of binding energy in selective ion transport through nanochannels and discuss the critical importance of intersite spacing. Subsequently, we draw inspiration from machine learning methods used for drug discovery and suggest a similar approach to identify functional groups with optimal ion-binding affinity. We conclude by outlining synthetic methods to incorporate ion-specific binding sites into prevalent nanostructured materials such as covalent organic frameworks, metal–organic frameworks, two-dimensional materials and polymers. This Perspective proposes a way to design membranes to separate ions of similar size and charge with a view to their use in resource recovery, water reuse and energy storage technologies.
{"title":"Designing membranes with specific binding sites for selective ion separations","authors":"Camille Violet, Akash Ball, Mohammad Heiranian, Luis Francisco Villalobos, Junwei Zhang, Betul Uralcan, Heather Kulik, Amir Haji-Akbari, Menachem Elimelech","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00279-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00279-6","url":null,"abstract":"A new class of membranes that can separate ions of similar size and charge is highly desired for resource recovery, water reuse and energy storage technologies. These separations require membrane nanochannels with simultaneous ångström-scale confinement and ion-selective binding sites. Conventional membrane material design uses continuous, volume-averaged properties that cannot account for discrete chemical interactions between ions and binding sites. In this Perspective, we present a design framework for ultraselective membranes by describing how to select and incorporate ion-specific binding sites into membrane nanochannels. We begin by discussing how the chemical features of ions, functional groups and solvents impact ion-binding energy. We then describe the role of binding energy in selective ion transport through nanochannels and discuss the critical importance of intersite spacing. Subsequently, we draw inspiration from machine learning methods used for drug discovery and suggest a similar approach to identify functional groups with optimal ion-binding affinity. We conclude by outlining synthetic methods to incorporate ion-specific binding sites into prevalent nanostructured materials such as covalent organic frameworks, metal–organic frameworks, two-dimensional materials and polymers. This Perspective proposes a way to design membranes to separate ions of similar size and charge with a view to their use in resource recovery, water reuse and energy storage technologies.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 8","pages":"706-718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141942265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the quest for advanced water treatment via Fenton and Fenton-like reactions, minimizing the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) usage by improving its activation efficiency is a critical goal. Here we report a metal oxyhalide (MOX)-based Fenton reaction system that differs fundamentally from traditional ones in pollutant removal pathway and mechanism. The MOX/H2O2 system enables efficient coupling and polymerization of organic pollutants via mild surface direct oxidation, bypassing the generation of reactive oxygen species. As a result, pollutants are translocated and removed from water with ultralow H2O2 consumption, avoiding the formation of toxic by-products. It achieves up to 80% pollutant (50% total organic carbon) removal at a H2O2-to-pollutants molar ratio of 2:1, outperforming conventional Fenton systems, which are operated at ratios ranging from 20:1 to 1,000:1. The success of these catalytic systems is attributed to the synergistic actions of O-bridging M and X sites on the catalyst surface, which selectively activate pollutants and H2O2, respectively. The catalyst could be extended to low-cost and environmentally benign MOX materials such as BiOI, FeOCl and VOCl, and be adopted to construct a dynamic membrane filtration catalytic system for high-performance and energy-saving abatement of micropollutants in water, providing a promising water purification paradigm. Traditional Fenton and Fenton-like reactions for pollutant removal require a substantial amount of H2O2. In contrast, the heterogeneous metal oxyhalide-based Fenton catalytic approach achieves organic pollutant removal by concentrating and activating them on the catalyst, significantly minimizing H2O2 consumption.
在寻求通过芬顿和类芬顿反应进行先进水处理的过程中，通过提高过氧化氢（H2O2）的活化效率最大限度地减少其用量是一个关键目标。在此，我们报告了一种基于金属氧卤化物（MOX）的芬顿反应系统，该系统在污染物去除途径和机理方面与传统的芬顿反应系统有着本质区别。MOX/H2O2 系统通过温和的表面直接氧化作用，绕过活性氧的生成，实现了有机污染物的高效耦合和聚合。因此，污染物从水中转移和清除的 H2O2 消耗量极低，避免了有毒副产品的形成。当 H2O2 与污染物的摩尔比为 2:1 时，它的污染物（50% 总有机碳）去除率高达 80%，优于传统的 Fenton 系统，后者的比率从 20:1 到 1,000:1 不等。这些催化系统的成功归功于催化剂表面的 O 桥 M 位点和 X 位点的协同作用，它们分别选择性地激活污染物和 H2O2。该催化剂可推广到 BiOI、FeOCl 和 VOCl 等低成本、对环境无害的 MOX 材料上，并可用于构建动态膜过滤催化系统，以高性能、节能地去除水中的微污染物，提供一种前景广阔的水净化范例。
{"title":"Metal oxyhalide-based heterogeneous catalytic water purification with ultralow H2O2 consumption","authors":"Ying-Jie Zhang, Jia-Shu Tao, Yi Hu, Gui-Xiang Huang, Yuan Pan, Wen-Wei Li, Jie-Jie Chen, Han-Qing Yu","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00281-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00281-y","url":null,"abstract":"In the quest for advanced water treatment via Fenton and Fenton-like reactions, minimizing the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) usage by improving its activation efficiency is a critical goal. Here we report a metal oxyhalide (MOX)-based Fenton reaction system that differs fundamentally from traditional ones in pollutant removal pathway and mechanism. The MOX/H2O2 system enables efficient coupling and polymerization of organic pollutants via mild surface direct oxidation, bypassing the generation of reactive oxygen species. As a result, pollutants are translocated and removed from water with ultralow H2O2 consumption, avoiding the formation of toxic by-products. It achieves up to 80% pollutant (50% total organic carbon) removal at a H2O2-to-pollutants molar ratio of 2:1, outperforming conventional Fenton systems, which are operated at ratios ranging from 20:1 to 1,000:1. The success of these catalytic systems is attributed to the synergistic actions of O-bridging M and X sites on the catalyst surface, which selectively activate pollutants and H2O2, respectively. The catalyst could be extended to low-cost and environmentally benign MOX materials such as BiOI, FeOCl and VOCl, and be adopted to construct a dynamic membrane filtration catalytic system for high-performance and energy-saving abatement of micropollutants in water, providing a promising water purification paradigm. Traditional Fenton and Fenton-like reactions for pollutant removal require a substantial amount of H2O2. In contrast, the heterogeneous metal oxyhalide-based Fenton catalytic approach achieves organic pollutant removal by concentrating and activating them on the catalyst, significantly minimizing H2O2 consumption.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 8","pages":"770-781"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141942266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tertiary treatment, the ‘polisher’ for wastewater nutrients, has assumed an increasingly greater role in municipal wastewater treatment plants, particularly given the growing demands for wastewater treatment worldwide and more stringent discharge standards. However, most municipal wastewater treatment plants in service use first-generation tertiary treatment processes (for example, additional carbon source-dependent denitrification and chemical dephosphorization), raising significant sustainability concerns. For effective, yet sustainable nutrient polishing, we develop an elemental sulfur (S0)–siderite composite filler (S0SCF) using a melting–embedding strategy based on the liquid immersion granulation technique. As a prerequisite for engineering use, S0SCF overcomes the poor mechanical properties and safety concerns plaguing traditional S0-based reactive fillers. S0SCF inherits efficient S0-driven autotrophic denitrification and acquires an effective dephosphorization capability, with the dephosphorization mechanism linked to S0-driven autotrophic denitrification-induced Fe2+ leaching from siderite and subsequent Fe2+–PO43− coprecipitation. During ultra-low temperature tests (7.3 ± 0.3 °C), the S0SCF-packed bed bioreactor demonstrated robust removal rates for NOx− (NO3− and NO2−) (0.29 ± 0.02 kg N m−3 per day) and PO43− (0.014 ± 0.004 kg P m−3 per day), with removal efficiencies reaching 91.2 ± 3.2% and 81.4 ± 7.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the low levels of nitrous oxide emissions and free sulfide generation further highlight the sustainability implications of S0SCF-based nutrient polishing. This work sheds fresh light on developing low-carbon and eco-friendly tertiary treatment processes, taking a necessary step towards addressing the sustainability crisis in the wastewater treatment sector. Tertiary treatment in wastewater treatment plants serves as the final barrier against the discharge of nutrients into natural waters but requires large inputs of chemical agents. An elemental sulfur–siderite composite filler demonstrates efficient and sustainable denitrification and dephosphorization, even at ultra-low temperatures.
{"title":"Elemental sulfur–siderite composite filler empowers sustainable tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater even at an ultra-low temperature of 7.3 °C","authors":"Qi Zhao, Luyao Wang, Tipei Jia, Xiyao Li, Qiong Zhang, Yongzhen Peng","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00285-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00285-8","url":null,"abstract":"Tertiary treatment, the ‘polisher’ for wastewater nutrients, has assumed an increasingly greater role in municipal wastewater treatment plants, particularly given the growing demands for wastewater treatment worldwide and more stringent discharge standards. However, most municipal wastewater treatment plants in service use first-generation tertiary treatment processes (for example, additional carbon source-dependent denitrification and chemical dephosphorization), raising significant sustainability concerns. For effective, yet sustainable nutrient polishing, we develop an elemental sulfur (S0)–siderite composite filler (S0SCF) using a melting–embedding strategy based on the liquid immersion granulation technique. As a prerequisite for engineering use, S0SCF overcomes the poor mechanical properties and safety concerns plaguing traditional S0-based reactive fillers. S0SCF inherits efficient S0-driven autotrophic denitrification and acquires an effective dephosphorization capability, with the dephosphorization mechanism linked to S0-driven autotrophic denitrification-induced Fe2+ leaching from siderite and subsequent Fe2+–PO43− coprecipitation. During ultra-low temperature tests (7.3 ± 0.3 °C), the S0SCF-packed bed bioreactor demonstrated robust removal rates for NOx− (NO3− and NO2−) (0.29 ± 0.02 kg N m−3 per day) and PO43− (0.014 ± 0.004 kg P m−3 per day), with removal efficiencies reaching 91.2 ± 3.2% and 81.4 ± 7.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the low levels of nitrous oxide emissions and free sulfide generation further highlight the sustainability implications of S0SCF-based nutrient polishing. This work sheds fresh light on developing low-carbon and eco-friendly tertiary treatment processes, taking a necessary step towards addressing the sustainability crisis in the wastewater treatment sector. Tertiary treatment in wastewater treatment plants serves as the final barrier against the discharge of nutrients into natural waters but requires large inputs of chemical agents. An elemental sulfur–siderite composite filler demonstrates efficient and sustainable denitrification and dephosphorization, even at ultra-low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 8","pages":"782-792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00283-w
Avery W. Driscoll, Landon T. Marston, Stephen M. Ogle, Noah J. Planavsky, Md Abu Bakar Siddik, Shannon Spencer, Shuang Zhang, Nathaniel D. Mueller
Irrigation effectively increases yields and buffers against intensifying climatic stressors to crop productivity but also produces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through several pathways including energy use for pumping (on farm and for interbasin water transfers), N2O emissions from increased denitrification under elevated soil moisture, and degassing of groundwater supersaturated in CO2. Despite irrigation’s climate adaptation potential, associated GHG emissions remain unquantified. Here we conduct a comprehensive, county-level assessment of US GHG emissions from these irrigation-related pathways, estimating that irrigation produces 18.9 MtCO2e annually (95% confidence interval 15.2–23.5 Mt), with 12.6 Mt from on-farm pumping, 1.1 Mt from pumping for interbasin transfers, 2.9 Mt from elevated N2O and 2.4 Mt from groundwater degassing. These emissions are highly spatially concentrated, revealing opportunities for geographically targeted and source-specific GHG mitigation actions. These findings enable strategic consideration of GHG emissions in decision-making associated with irrigation expansion for climate adaptation. Despite its utility for climate change adaptation, US irrigation produces 18.9 MtCO2e yr−1 from groundwater degassing, elevated N2O and energy use. This county-level analysis reveals opportunities for geographically targeted emissions mitigation.
{"title":"Hotspots of irrigation-related US greenhouse gas emissions from multiple sources","authors":"Avery W. Driscoll, Landon T. Marston, Stephen M. Ogle, Noah J. Planavsky, Md Abu Bakar Siddik, Shannon Spencer, Shuang Zhang, Nathaniel D. Mueller","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00283-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00283-w","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation effectively increases yields and buffers against intensifying climatic stressors to crop productivity but also produces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through several pathways including energy use for pumping (on farm and for interbasin water transfers), N2O emissions from increased denitrification under elevated soil moisture, and degassing of groundwater supersaturated in CO2. Despite irrigation’s climate adaptation potential, associated GHG emissions remain unquantified. Here we conduct a comprehensive, county-level assessment of US GHG emissions from these irrigation-related pathways, estimating that irrigation produces 18.9 MtCO2e annually (95% confidence interval 15.2–23.5 Mt), with 12.6 Mt from on-farm pumping, 1.1 Mt from pumping for interbasin transfers, 2.9 Mt from elevated N2O and 2.4 Mt from groundwater degassing. These emissions are highly spatially concentrated, revealing opportunities for geographically targeted and source-specific GHG mitigation actions. These findings enable strategic consideration of GHG emissions in decision-making associated with irrigation expansion for climate adaptation. Despite its utility for climate change adaptation, US irrigation produces 18.9 MtCO2e yr−1 from groundwater degassing, elevated N2O and energy use. This county-level analysis reveals opportunities for geographically targeted emissions mitigation.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 9","pages":"837-847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00295-6
Samuel H. Brodfuehrer, Daniel C. Blomdahl, David G. Wahman, Gerald E. Speitel Jr., Pawel K. Misztal, Lynn E. Katz
{"title":"Author Correction: Simultaneous time-resolved inorganic haloamine measurements enable analysis of disinfectant degradation kinetics and by-product formation","authors":"Samuel H. Brodfuehrer, Daniel C. Blomdahl, David G. Wahman, Gerald E. Speitel Jr., Pawel K. Misztal, Lynn E. Katz","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00295-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00295-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 10","pages":"1038-1038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-024-00295-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1038/s44221-024-00287-6
The shrinking cryosphere demands collaborative and inclusive approaches to improve our knowledge of its dynamics amidst climate change.
不断缩小的冰冻圈要求我们采取协作和包容的方法，以增进我们对气候变化中冰冻圈动态的了解。
{"title":"Frozen water on Earth","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00287-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44221-024-00287-6","url":null,"abstract":"The shrinking cryosphere demands collaborative and inclusive approaches to improve our knowledge of its dynamics amidst climate change.","PeriodicalId":74252,"journal":{"name":"Nature water","volume":"2 7","pages":"603-603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-024-00287-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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