{"title":"Local Health Departments are Not Using Enough Public Health Research","authors":"Michael Anguilano","doi":"10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9460","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":74337,"journal":{"name":"Ohio journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45479320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naegleria fowleri (N fowleri), the freshwater amoeba known to cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), is historically found in the southern United States and Central America. Increased incidence of this rare, deadly, and often misdiagnosed illness in northern states causes concern that N fowleri is expanding northward due to climate change, posing a greater threat to human health in new regions where PAM has not yet been documented. This case study provides an example of public health nurses incorporating environmental health data into communicable disease investigations, demonstrating how public health professionals, health care providers, and individuals living in northern climates can work together to prevent, detect, and treat N fowleri infection.
{"title":"Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis and the Naegleria fowleri Freshwater Amoeba: A New Concern for Northern Climates","authors":"K. Towne, B. Polivka","doi":"10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9240","url":null,"abstract":"Naegleria fowleri (N fowleri), the freshwater amoeba known to cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), is historically found in the southern United States and Central America. Increased incidence of this rare, deadly, and often misdiagnosed illness in northern states causes concern that N fowleri is expanding northward due to climate change, posing a greater threat to human health in new regions where PAM has not yet been documented. This case study provides an example of public health nurses incorporating environmental health data into communicable disease investigations, demonstrating how public health professionals, health care providers, and individuals living in northern climates can work together to prevent, detect, and treat N fowleri infection.","PeriodicalId":74337,"journal":{"name":"Ohio journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41480596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hyder, Cheryl Graffagnino, Gavin French, John A. Maloney, Ben DeJesus, Kathleen Cowen, Jane Iversen, Suellen Bennett
Background: The prevention of severe outcomes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection among vulnerable populations is an important public health goal. The purpose of our study was to report on the implementation and evaluation of an innovative public health prevention program. This program aimed to reduce the projected gap in COVID-19 vaccine uptake between more and less vulnerable neighborhoods by addressing issues around access and trust among communities at high risk for COVID-19 positive cases, hospitalization, and death. Methods: Columbus Public Health implemented the Vax Cash program in Columbus, Ohio, from July 6, 2021, to August 22, 2021, based on regular community feedback and using a data-driven approach. The program provided a financial incentive to eligible individuals upon receiving their first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. A time-series model was used to create short-term forecasts for COVID-19 vaccine uptake for neighborhoods in and around the 10 clinics in the program. These projections were compared with the observed uptake as the program was implemented over a 6-week period. Results: Seven out of ten sites showed an increase in the observed COVID-19 vaccine uptake in and around the sites compared to projected uptake values. We observed a rapid increase in uptake among Black residents and a reduction in the Black-White vaccine uptake gap in and around the Vax Cash sites. Conclusion: Vaccination rates increased in areas of high social vulnerability through the Vax Cash program. Similarly designed programs could be applied to achieve other public health prevention goals.
{"title":"Real-time monitoring and evaluation of the VaxCash program: A Case Study from Columbus, Ohio","authors":"A. Hyder, Cheryl Graffagnino, Gavin French, John A. Maloney, Ben DeJesus, Kathleen Cowen, Jane Iversen, Suellen Bennett","doi":"10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9105","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevention of severe outcomes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection among vulnerable populations is an important public health goal. The purpose of our study was to report on the implementation and evaluation of an innovative public health prevention program. This program aimed to reduce the projected gap in COVID-19 vaccine uptake between more and less vulnerable neighborhoods by addressing issues around access and trust among communities at high risk for COVID-19 positive cases, hospitalization, and death.\u0000Methods: Columbus Public Health implemented the Vax Cash program in Columbus, Ohio, from July 6, 2021, to August 22, 2021, based on regular community feedback and using a data-driven approach. The program provided a financial incentive to eligible individuals upon receiving their first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. A time-series model was used to create short-term forecasts for COVID-19 vaccine uptake for neighborhoods in and around the 10 clinics in the program. These projections were compared with the observed uptake as the program was implemented over a 6-week period.\u0000Results: Seven out of ten sites showed an increase in the observed COVID-19 vaccine uptake in and around the sites compared to projected uptake values. We observed a rapid increase in uptake among Black residents and a reduction in the Black-White vaccine uptake gap in and around the Vax Cash sites.\u0000Conclusion: Vaccination rates increased in areas of high social vulnerability through the Vax Cash program. Similarly designed programs could be applied to achieve other public health prevention goals.","PeriodicalId":74337,"journal":{"name":"Ohio journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41563738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Drug overdoses have had a devastating impact on public health in Ohio. Improving our understand-ing of the relationships between factors that are associated with drug overdose deaths can enhance the quality of public policy and health care reach in Ohio. Methods: Utilizing data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, this research seeks to quantify the associations between the drug overdose rate for counties in Ohio with various factors via statistical regressions. Results: The overwhelming majority of drug/alcohol overdose deaths during the years 2017-2019 were uninten-tional. Drug overdose deaths and life expectancy are strongly associated. Communities with higher overdose rates have lower life expectancies. Socioeconomic status and health care factors, such as mental distress and physical inactivity, are significantly correlated with increased drug overdose deaths. Household income is significantly correlated with increased access to health care, implying that communities of lower socioeconomic status may lack adequate access to quality care and suffer from increased overdose deaths. Conclusion: The data indicate the importance of access to health care and health care providers in response to drug overdoses in Ohio. Health care access is currently proportional to income; higher income households have a greater proportion of insured, as well as a greater number of primary care physicians. Thus, implementing policies that support health care infrastructure should be prioritized to increase the capacity of treatment in under-resourced (low-income and low socioeconomic status) communities.
{"title":"Factors Related to Drug Overdose Deaths in Ohio","authors":"Samuel Borgemenke","doi":"10.18061/ojph.v5i2.8885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v5i2.8885","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug overdoses have had a devastating impact on public health in Ohio. Improving our understand-ing of the relationships between factors that are associated with drug overdose deaths can enhance the quality of public policy and health care reach in Ohio.\u0000Methods: Utilizing data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, this research seeks to quantify the associations between the drug overdose rate for counties in Ohio with various factors via statistical regressions.\u0000Results: The overwhelming majority of drug/alcohol overdose deaths during the years 2017-2019 were uninten-tional. Drug overdose deaths and life expectancy are strongly associated. Communities with higher overdose rates have lower life expectancies. Socioeconomic status and health care factors, such as mental distress and physical inactivity, are significantly correlated with increased drug overdose deaths. Household income is significantly correlated with increased access to health care, implying that communities of lower socioeconomic status may lack adequate access to quality care and suffer from increased overdose deaths.\u0000Conclusion: The data indicate the importance of access to health care and health care providers in response to drug overdoses in Ohio. Health care access is currently proportional to income; higher income households have a greater proportion of insured, as well as a greater number of primary care physicians. Thus, implementing policies that support health care infrastructure should be prioritized to increase the capacity of treatment in under-resourced (low-income and low socioeconomic status) communities.","PeriodicalId":74337,"journal":{"name":"Ohio journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43732703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca J. McCloskey, Lily Goldberg, Robert M. Santucci, Justin Koralewski, Michael J. Kocinski II, Gretchen Clark Hammond
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought unparalleled strain to the United States’ already overburdened health care workforce, and research is just beginning to shed light on its effects. This study sought to document health care pro-vider stressors during the pandemic to inform prevention and intervention strategies to better support their well-being. Methods: A one-time online survey was completed in July and August 2021 by Ohio health care professionals employed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed for work and employment status changes and measured the severity of various work and home stressors among respondents who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 12 807). Results: Over a quarter of respondents had a change in work setting, and 59% had an increase in their workload; 20% of respondents were furloughed, laid off, or unemployed at some point during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 37% reported a negative financial impact. The work stressors causing the greatest concern were spreading the virus and insuf-ficient communication from leadership. The primary home stressors were a lack of quality time with family and friends, being too tired when home from work to cook, do chores, etc, and being a supportive, present parent. At least half of the sample scored each of these as moderate, significant, or extreme stressors. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic caused unrelenting stress affecting Ohio health care professionals at work and at home. Prevention and early intervention programs and public policies are required to prevent burnout and better support health care worker well-being.
{"title":"Ohio Health Care Professionals’ Survey: Work and Home Stressors During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Rebecca J. McCloskey, Lily Goldberg, Robert M. Santucci, Justin Koralewski, Michael J. Kocinski II, Gretchen Clark Hammond","doi":"10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9162","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought unparalleled strain to the United States’ already overburdened health care workforce, and research is just beginning to shed light on its effects. This study sought to document health care pro-vider stressors during the pandemic to inform prevention and intervention strategies to better support their well-being. \u0000Methods: A one-time online survey was completed in July and August 2021 by Ohio health care professionals employed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed for work and employment status changes and measured the severity of various work and home stressors among respondents who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 12 807). \u0000Results: Over a quarter of respondents had a change in work setting, and 59% had an increase in their workload; 20% of respondents were furloughed, laid off, or unemployed at some point during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 37% reported a negative financial impact. The work stressors causing the greatest concern were spreading the virus and insuf-ficient communication from leadership. The primary home stressors were a lack of quality time with family and friends, being too tired when home from work to cook, do chores, etc, and being a supportive, present parent. At least half of the sample scored each of these as moderate, significant, or extreme stressors. \u0000Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic caused unrelenting stress affecting Ohio health care professionals at work and at home. Prevention and early intervention programs and public policies are required to prevent burnout and better support health care worker well-being.","PeriodicalId":74337,"journal":{"name":"Ohio journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43687973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Polavarapu, Shipra Singh, Philip J. Welch, L. Maziarz, Beanna A. Martinez, Edoseawe Okoduwa, T. Jordan
Background: Vaccination is a critical strategy for controlling the transmission of COVID-19 and for returning to normalcy on college campuses; however, vaccine hesitancy and resistance persist as a significant barrier. This study utilized the integrated behavior model (IBM) and the precaution adoption process model (PAPM) to identify factors predictive of COVID-19 vaccine willingness (receptive, hesitant, and resistant) among college students. Methods: A sample of 1248 students at 2 universities in northwest Ohio were surveyed online in 2021. Stata/SE, version 17 (StataCorp) software was used to conduct stepwise logistic regression to investigate the association of theoretical constructs with vaccine willingness, after controlling for COVID-19 related factors and sociodemographic factors. Results: Most students (82.5%) were vaccine receptive, 6.9% were vaccine hesitant, and 10.6% were vaccine resistant. Vaccine hesitancy was higher among students aged 18 to 22 years (9.3%), undergraduates (16.5%), and students who identified as Black (13%) or Middle Eastern (14.3%). Lower vaccine hesitance was significantly predicted by IBM constructs of positive attitudes, high self-efficacy, and high salience. Not getting an influenza vaccine in the past 3 years and viewing vaccination as a personal choice were significantly associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. Lower odds of vaccine resistance were predicted by higher subjective norms. Descriptive norms, not getting an influenza vaccine in the past 3 years, agreeing with conspiracies, and viewing vaccination as a personal choice were strongly predictive of higher vaccine resistance. Conclusion: Identifying the factors that predict vaccine hesitancy and resistance among college students is critical for college administrators, and for those who are designing health communication campaigns, to increase vaccination among this priority population.
{"title":"Factors Impacting COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance Among College Students in Northwest Ohio","authors":"M. Polavarapu, Shipra Singh, Philip J. Welch, L. Maziarz, Beanna A. Martinez, Edoseawe Okoduwa, T. Jordan","doi":"10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9224","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vaccination is a critical strategy for controlling the transmission of COVID-19 and for returning to normalcy on college campuses; however, vaccine hesitancy and resistance persist as a significant barrier. This study utilized the integrated behavior model (IBM) and the precaution adoption process model (PAPM) to identify factors predictive of COVID-19 vaccine willingness (receptive, hesitant, and resistant) among college students.\u0000Methods: A sample of 1248 students at 2 universities in northwest Ohio were surveyed online in 2021. Stata/SE, version 17 (StataCorp) software was used to conduct stepwise logistic regression to investigate the association of theoretical constructs with vaccine willingness, after controlling for COVID-19 related factors and sociodemographic factors.\u0000Results: Most students (82.5%) were vaccine receptive, 6.9% were vaccine hesitant, and 10.6% were vaccine resistant. Vaccine hesitancy was higher among students aged 18 to 22 years (9.3%), undergraduates (16.5%), and students who identified as Black (13%) or Middle Eastern (14.3%). Lower vaccine hesitance was significantly predicted by IBM constructs of positive attitudes, high self-efficacy, and high salience. Not getting an influenza vaccine in the past 3 years and viewing vaccination as a personal choice were significantly associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. Lower odds of vaccine resistance were predicted by higher subjective norms. Descriptive norms, not getting an influenza vaccine in the past 3 years, agreeing with conspiracies, and viewing vaccination as a personal choice were strongly predictive of higher vaccine resistance.\u0000Conclusion: Identifying the factors that predict vaccine hesitancy and resistance among college students is critical for college administrators, and for those who are designing health communication campaigns, to increase vaccination among this priority population.","PeriodicalId":74337,"journal":{"name":"Ohio journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48995348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study seeks to measure the impact of COVID-19 on health care jobs in Ohio. We examine whether health care sector workers were similarly affected compared to workers in other industries in Ohio and if there were any significant differences in job categories within the health care sector. Methods: Using a rich dataset provided by the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services (ODJFS), we study the employment levels for different health care subsectors in Ohio by calculating job creation, destruction, and reallocation rates and analyze the disruption in labor markets caused by COVID-19. Results: Certain health care subsectors such as ambulatory health care services and hospitals recovered almost immediately after the lockdown but are still below their pre-COVID-19 employment levels. The social assistance subsector eventually recovered but also has not reached its pre-COVID-19 employment level. The nursing and residential care subsector has experienced a continuous decline in jobs. Although both job creation and destruction rates reached their relative peaks for all health care subcategories, the gap between pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 levels was higher for job destruction rate. Conclusion: Ohio’s health care sector has not yet fully recovered from the COVID-19 lockdown imposed in 2020.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on Jobs in Ohio's Health Care Sector","authors":"S. Rawat","doi":"10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9142","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study seeks to measure the impact of COVID-19 on health care jobs in Ohio. We examine whether health care sector workers were similarly affected compared to workers in other industries in Ohio and if there were any significant differences in job categories within the health care sector.\u0000Methods: Using a rich dataset provided by the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services (ODJFS), we study the employment levels for different health care subsectors in Ohio by calculating job creation, destruction, and reallocation rates and analyze the disruption in labor markets caused by COVID-19.\u0000Results: Certain health care subsectors such as ambulatory health care services and hospitals recovered almost immediately after the lockdown but are still below their pre-COVID-19 employment levels. The social assistance subsector eventually recovered but also has not reached its pre-COVID-19 employment level. The nursing and residential care subsector has experienced a continuous decline in jobs. Although both job creation and destruction rates reached their relative peaks for all health care subcategories, the gap between pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 levels was higher for job destruction rate.\u0000Conclusion: Ohio’s health care sector has not yet fully recovered from the COVID-19 lockdown imposed in 2020.","PeriodicalId":74337,"journal":{"name":"Ohio journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41941555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Public hospitals have long been a cornerstone of the American health care system, providing an increased share of care to indigent and historically marginalized populations. Public hospitals have provided an increased share of their revenues as community benefit spending, often taking on added roles of community service and civic consequence. The number of public hospitals has decreased nationally over recent decades, with the forces of hospital system consolidation and increasing technological and medical complexity being contributory. As the architecture of public hospital structure governance differs by state or even municipality, public hospitals have become sensitive to political currents in their respective localities. This article serves as an analysis and commentary on the current state of the public hospital network in Ohio. While Ohio has both state-operated and city or county-operated hospital systems, special attention is given here to the latter, which have been decreasing in number at an alarming rate over recent years. Despite recent challenges, the system harbors substantial potential to both rural and urban communities alike. A call to action, inclusive of civic support and new investment, should be made to bolster Ohio’s public hospital system for the benefit of its communities.
{"title":"Ohio's Public Hospital System: Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Sterling Shriber, P. Rath","doi":"10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9120","url":null,"abstract":"Public hospitals have long been a cornerstone of the American health care system, providing an increased share of care to indigent and historically marginalized populations. Public hospitals have provided an increased share of their revenues as community benefit spending, often taking on added roles of community service and civic consequence. The number of public hospitals has decreased nationally over recent decades, with the forces of hospital system consolidation and increasing technological and medical complexity being contributory. As the architecture of public hospital structure governance differs by state or even municipality, public hospitals have become sensitive to political currents in their respective localities. This article serves as an analysis and commentary on the current state of the public hospital network in Ohio. While Ohio has both state-operated and city or county-operated hospital systems, special attention is given here to the latter, which have been decreasing in number at an alarming rate over recent years. Despite recent challenges, the system harbors substantial potential to both rural and urban communities alike. A call to action, inclusive of civic support and new investment, should be made to bolster Ohio’s public hospital system for the benefit of its communities.","PeriodicalId":74337,"journal":{"name":"Ohio journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48255278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelsey M. Harman, Keith M Reisinger-Kindle, R. Maxwell
Background: Infant and maternal outcomes in Montgomery County, Ohio, are among the worst in the state and rival that of many low-income nations. This study compares maternal and infant outcomes across 3 zip codes in Montgomery County to discern factors that are influencing health outcomes for their residents. The zip codes represent 3 distinct communities with unique racial and socioeconomic makeups. Methods: A cohort of mother-infant dyads (n=5098) who delivered at Miami Valley Hospital and Good Samaritan Hospital from January 1, 2009, to January 1, 2019, was analyzed via retrospective chart review. Maternal health outcome composite score (MCS) and infant health outcome composite score (ICS) from Trotwood, Ohio, (zip code 45426) were compared to those of 2 nearby zip codes (45415 and 45424), which were chosen for their lower infant mortality rates and proximity to Trotwood. Continuous variables were compared by ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey tests. Categorical variables were compared via chi-square analysis. Results: The MCS and ICS were stratified by zip code and maternal age, race, and BMI. There was a statistically significant difference in MCS for race and BMI across all zip codes, but no statistically significant difference for maternal age. There was no statistically significant difference in ICS across maternal age, race, and BMI. Conclusion: Maternal outcomes for Black women were consistently worse across communities while outcomes for other races varied. Our study shows that maternal outcomes did not correlate with infant outcomes, indicating that interventions focusing on improving maternal outcomes may be inadequate at addressing infant outcomes. Investigations surrounding race-specific interventions in all populations are needed.
{"title":"A Close-up Examination of Racial Disparities in Infant and Maternal Outcomes in Montgomery County, Ohio","authors":"Kelsey M. Harman, Keith M Reisinger-Kindle, R. Maxwell","doi":"10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v5i2.9096","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infant and maternal outcomes in Montgomery County, Ohio, are among the worst in the state and rival that of many low-income nations. This study compares maternal and infant outcomes across 3 zip codes in Montgomery County to discern factors that are influencing health outcomes for their residents. The zip codes represent 3 distinct communities with unique racial and socioeconomic makeups.\u0000Methods: A cohort of mother-infant dyads (n=5098) who delivered at Miami Valley Hospital and Good Samaritan Hospital from January 1, 2009, to January 1, 2019, was analyzed via retrospective chart review. Maternal health outcome composite score (MCS) and infant health outcome composite score (ICS) from Trotwood, Ohio, (zip code 45426) were compared to those of 2 nearby zip codes (45415 and 45424), which were chosen for their lower infant mortality rates and proximity to Trotwood. Continuous variables were compared by ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey tests. Categorical variables were compared via chi-square analysis.\u0000Results: The MCS and ICS were stratified by zip code and maternal age, race, and BMI. There was a statistically significant difference in MCS for race and BMI across all zip codes, but no statistically significant difference for maternal age. There was no statistically significant difference in ICS across maternal age, race, and BMI.\u0000Conclusion: Maternal outcomes for Black women were consistently worse across communities while outcomes for other races varied. Our study shows that maternal outcomes did not correlate with infant outcomes, indicating that interventions focusing on improving maternal outcomes may be inadequate at addressing infant outcomes. Investigations surrounding race-specific interventions in all populations are needed.","PeriodicalId":74337,"journal":{"name":"Ohio journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42200272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth aged 10 to 14 years and third for those aged 15 to 24 years in the United States and in Ohio. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors disparately affect youth with oppressed identities, including those with oppressed racial, ethnic, gender, and sexual minority identities. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reports of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Ohio youth with oppressed identities. This research also contextualizes relationships between these indicators through the context of intersectionality. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study used responses from the 2019 Ohio Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS; n = 1263) to examine the relationships between identity variables and suicidal thoughts and behaviors through a series of logistic regression models. Results: Female youth have higher odds of reporting persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness and seriously considering suicide than male youth. Lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) youth have higher odds of reporting all outcome measures of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), and youth with oppressed racial and ethnic identities were in general more likely to report higher odds of STBs when compared to White youth. Conclusion: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors disparately affect youth with these oppressed identities. Our findings suggest further examination of these youth nationally may influence public health suicide prevention strategies. Implica-tions also suggest that researchers, practitioners, and organizations across the spectrum of youth suicide prevention in Ohio should understand the increased risk that youth with multiple, intersectional oppressed identities face for suicide.
{"title":"Examining Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Ohio Youth with Oppressed Identities Using the 2019 Ohio Youth Risk Behavior Survey","authors":"C. Bauder, Austin G. Starkey","doi":"10.18061/ojph.v5i2.8878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v5i2.8878","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth aged 10 to 14 years and third for those aged 15 to 24 years in the United States and in Ohio. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors disparately affect youth with oppressed identities, including those with oppressed racial, ethnic, gender, and sexual minority identities. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reports of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Ohio youth with oppressed identities. This research also contextualizes relationships between these indicators through the context of intersectionality. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study used responses from the 2019 Ohio Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS; n = 1263) to examine the relationships between identity variables and suicidal thoughts and behaviors through a series of logistic regression models. \u0000Results: Female youth have higher odds of reporting persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness and seriously considering suicide than male youth. Lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) youth have higher odds of reporting all outcome measures of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), and youth with oppressed racial and ethnic identities were in general more likely to report higher odds of STBs when compared to White youth. \u0000Conclusion: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors disparately affect youth with these oppressed identities. Our findings suggest further examination of these youth nationally may influence public health suicide prevention strategies. Implica-tions also suggest that researchers, practitioners, and organizations across the spectrum of youth suicide prevention in Ohio should understand the increased risk that youth with multiple, intersectional oppressed identities face for suicide.","PeriodicalId":74337,"journal":{"name":"Ohio journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48161296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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