Personality disorders最新文献

Recent years have seen a shift toward alternative nosologies of psychopathology, which frequently include a dimension of externalizing psychopathology. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology is one such framework. Research using data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study has identified a broad-based externalizing dimension, but no research to date has sought to empirically identify finer-grained externalizing subdimensions despite the research benefits associated with the use of homogenous dimensions. Furthermore, no work to date has examined whether externalizing dimensions are invariant over time. Thus, the current study had two primary aims: Aim 1-identify the hierarchical structure of externalizing psychopathology and examine evidence of discriminant validity of identified dimensions and Aim 2-assess the longitudinal measurement invariance of a broad externalizing dimension in the ABCD Study, as well as specific underlying subdimensions. The results for Aim 1 analyses identified a coherent factor structure comprising a broad externalizing dimension and three subdimensions (conduct problems, irritability, and neurodevelopmental problems), and these factors showed important similarities and differences in relation to external correlates. Aim 2 analyses showed that strong invariance was supported for the conduct problems and irritability dimensions, while partial strong invariance was supported for broad externalizing and neurodevelopmental problems. Quantification of measurement (non)invariance revealed small effect sizes. The results highlight important directions for future research on externalizing psychopathology in the ABCD Study. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This special issue of Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment aimed to provide methodologically robust research conducted across the globe that addressed a variety of questions related to externalizing psychopathology across the lifespan. Across all included articles are examples of sophisticated statistical approaches or innovative methods, including articles that evaluate the psychometrics of different structural models of externalizing psychopathology, test the invariance of indicators of externalizing problems over time or across different racial/ethnic groups, and leverage experience sampling methodologies. In what follows, we provide a brief overview of each of the eight articles included in this special issue. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Research on externalizing psychopathology has relied heavily on White samples to generate core knowledge, with few studies examining variability in its components, including grandiose narcissism, across racial/ethnic groups. This preregistered (https://osf.io/n4s3f/) study addressed the following research questions: (1) Is there evidence for measurement invariance of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ) across racial/ethnic groups?; (2) Are there racial/ethnic group differences in (a) mean levels of the two NARQ subscales: admiration and rivalry, and (b) correlations between NARQ subscales and self-esteem?; (3) Do variations in ethnic identity commitment account for any observed group differences in the mean levels and correlations? The sample consisted of 1,248 U.S. adults between ages 18 and 30, evenly divided among those self-identifying as Black, Latine, and White. Both Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling indicated the intended two-factor structure across groups demonstrated configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance. Group mean differences were most pronounced for the admiration subscale, with Black adults scoring higher than White (d = 0.63) and Latine adults (d = 0.46-0.47). Black-White mean differences in admiration were reduced by half when accounting for group differences in ethnic identity commitment. As admiration captures assertive self-promotion, participants identifying strongly as Black may endorse greater agency as an adaptive response to marginalization. Black-Latine mean differences were unaffected by group differences in ethnic identity commitment. This article highlights the importance of, and provides a framework for, psychometric examinations before interpreting group mean differences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Consistent evidence has documented the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of externalizing psychopathology with personality and behavioral traits, suggesting the presence of a broad, underlying liability to externalizing. In one of the first studies of its kind, we use a large, representative sample of youth (N = 2,245 twins and their siblings) to evaluate the evidence of an externalizing spectrum model, which includes psychopathology, personality, and behavioral traits and spans normal and pathological variation. We examine evidence for the inclusion of 15 candidate traits, from the domains of general and pathological personality, temperament, and aggression, in a model that includes dimensions of common childhood externalizing psychopathology. Using a combination of structural equation modeling and item response theory analyses, we found strong to moderate evidence for including the narcissism and impulsivity dimensions of psychopathic traits; reactive, proactive, and relational aggression; and agreeableness and conscientiousness from the five-factor model of personality. These traits were reliable indicators of the externalizing spectrum, as evidenced by their shared variance with externalizing symptoms, strong factor loadings, and high information. In addition, these traits indexed the externalizing spectrum at higher and lower levels of the latent trait relative to the symptoms alone, highlighting the value of including them. Many of our findings replicate and extend work conducted in adult samples, suggesting developmental continuity of externalizing. Broadly speaking, these findings have important implications for the conceptualization, measurement, and treatment of externalizing in youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Many labels are used within and across subfields to describe personality disorder (PD) and interpersonally-oriented trait dimensions. For example, "interpersonal disorders" is a suggested alternative label to "personality disorders" in clinical research. Other "dark trait" terms, though not proposed as formal labels for PDs, also are used in different research areas for describing externalizing traits. Terminology changes have been proposed both due to concerns about different descriptors' validity and their usage potentially being stigmatizing. Improving terminology consensus can also unify research and clinical assessment efforts, and we recruited participants from a range of sources who provided their views on terminology used in PD research toward this goal. This included data from 362 undergraduates, 408 adults recruited online, and 161 adults recruited from the community, and we used targeted recruitment strategies to ensure that individuals with a range of mental health histories were represented in our study. All participants completed questionnaires assessing their personalities and symptoms, and a subset of participants also completed structured clinical interviews. Results indicated that traditional "personality disorders" terminology were viewed favorably compared to other terms both in regard to scientific accuracy and stigma. Additionally, "interpersonal disorders" terminology was also viewed more favorably overall than many other terms, whereas "dark trait" terminology was viewed negatively. Participants' characteristics (e.g., personality, age) were mostly unrelated to their terminology views. These results provide insight into how various descriptors are viewed by the broader community and provide a foundation for future research investigating how different terms are perceived across contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Most socially and/or ethically aversive traits from clinical and broad personality research overlap to a large degree. For the latter, however, the association with interpersonal personality dysfunction (IPD) is understudied. Moreover, it is also unclear to what extent the associations of aversive traits with IPD are due to their shared versus unique aspects. We investigate these questions based on a theoretical framework that comprehensively describes the shared variance of all aversive traits. To this end, we concurrently measured 20 aversive traits from clinical and broad personality research together with their common core. Results from five studies (four of them preregistered, total N = 4,847) revealed that all aversive traits are associated with IPD and that most do so (only) due to their common core. Only three traits offered additional aspects beyond the common core relevant for IPD. The results inform debates about whether to include more traits in the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

There is a robust, yet poorly understood relationship between nonheterosexual orientation and borderline personality disorder (BPD), with lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals evidencing greater BPD symptoms compared to heterosexual individuals. Recent evidence suggests possible psychometric bias in BPD diagnostic criteria leading to greater endorsement among sexual minority individuals, which hinders researchers' ability to make valid group comparisons. The present study utilized an epidemiological sample of 35,995 men and women to evaluate the extent of differential item functioning (DIF) among BPD criteria across sexual orientation groups using a multiple indicators multiple causes approach. All criteria except affective instability and emptiness indicated DIF for at least one sexual minority focal group, although both demonstrated DIF in sensitivity analyses. DIF was most consistently indicated for suicidality, efforts to avoid abandonment, and impulsivity. Contrary to predictions, DIF was mostly nonuniform with greater item discrimination for sexual minority groups compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Finally, all estimated effect sizes were small, suggesting that DIF was not practically meaningful and unlikely to impact the validity of group comparisons for BPD criteria across heterosexual and nonheterosexual men and women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Identity disturbance is increasingly considered to drive personality disorder (PD) onset. Previous research has investigated how identity relates to PD using either self-report scales or narratives to assess identity. Few studies have investigated how both operationalizations relate to one another and to models of PD. More so, no study has investigated whether a narrative identity assessment offers additional explanatory power in understanding PD, beyond what is captured by a self-rated identity assessment, or vice versa. We aimed to address these gaps by administering a rating scale measuring (mal)adaptive identity alongside a prompt to write a narrative about a turning point event to 331 individuals aged 18-30 (72.2% female, M_age = 22.56). Using this multimethod approach, we investigated (a) associations of narrative identity dimensions (agency, communion, exploratory processing) with self-rated identity, self- and interpersonal dysfunction, and symptoms of borderline and antisocial PD, and (b) whether these narrative identity dimensions could explain unique variance in self- and interpersonal dysfunction, and borderline and antisocial PD symptoms, above and beyond self-rated identity, and vice versa. Results revealed significant associations among narrative identity, self-rated identity, and models of PD. Furthermore, communion demonstrated incremental value in explaining PD features, beyond what was accounted for by self-rated identity. However, narrative identity did not offer additional explanatory power in understanding self- and interpersonal dysfunction, beyond self-rated identity. Self-rated identity showed incremental value in explaining all PD models, beyond narrative identity. These results emphasize the importance of employing different methodologies for assessing identity in elucidating how identity disturbance manifests in personality pathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Many organizations have adopted peer support to increase service alignment with recovery-oriented principles. Yet, few studies have scrutinized borderline personality disorder (BPD)-specific concepts of "recovery" and "recovery-oriented practice," nor evaluated the extent to which existing peer support services (PSS) align with these concepts. We addressed these knowledge gaps in four phases: (a) a literature review to understand BPD-specific concepts of "recovery" and "recovery-oriented practice," (b) a literature review and open web search to describe the implementation, feasibility, or effectiveness of PSS for people with BPD, (c) a landscaping survey of program administrators regarding their BPD-PSS programs, and (d) a critical review of the extent to which current peer support for BPD aligns with "recovery" and "recovery-oriented practice." We identified 40 published sources that defined "recovery" or "recovery-oriented practice" as it pertains to BPD, and narratively summarize these results, nine sources that described PSS for people with BPD, and received survey responses from seven BPD-PSS program administrators. Our critical review highlighted the distinctive but overlapping concepts of "clinical recovery" versus "personal recovery" and underscored the alignment of BPD-PSS with personal recovery goals, including increased self-knowledge and -acceptance, hope, engagement in meaningful social roles and relationships, and self-determination. While peer support is experienced positively by service users, peer supporters, and clinicians, challenges include setting boundaries, minimizing dual roles, and ensuring adequate training, supervision, and personal support to reduce burnout. Peer support appears to be a feasible avenue for meeting the personal recovery goals of people with BPD; however, formal program evaluations are needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This study examined several forms of repetitive negative thinking in relation to measures of Cluster B disorders to identify unique and co-occurring cognitive mechanisms contributing to these symptom presentations. MTurk participants (N = 725; 53% men; 76% White) completed categorical and dimensional trait-based measures of Cluster B disorders alongside six measures of rumination and worry. Oversampling strategies were used during participant recruitment to obtain a sample with clinically relevant personality features. Path analyses examined each form of repetitive negative thinking in relation to Cluster B measures while controlling for shared variance between each construct. Anger rumination demonstrated notable relations across all four Cluster B personality disorders. Similarly, sadness rumination was positively associated with all four Cluster B personality disorders. Self-critical rumination and depressive rumination were uniquely associated with borderline symptoms. Worry demonstrated negative associations with measures of narcissistic, histrionic, and antisocial/psychopathy symptoms. Findings expand previous research by highlighting probable transdiagnostic and distinguishing cognitive process contributing to the presentation of Cluster B personality pathology. However, partialling the influence of overlapping constructs presents notable challenges in identifying and interpreting unique relations between various forms of repetitive negative thinking and Cluster B symptoms. Future research investigating these relations within outpatient and inpatient samples may provide avenues for the development of effective cognitive-based interventions for treating these symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).