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Analysis of Production, Yield and Cultivation Area Trends in Major Cereal Crops in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚主要谷类作物的生产、产量和种植面积趋势分析
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.aff.20211004.11
Workneh Bekere Kenea
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引用次数: 0
Review on Coffee Production and Quality in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚咖啡生产与质量综述
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.aff.20211006.11
Bealu Girma Adugna
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引用次数: 0
Soil Acidity Challenges to Crop Production in Ethiopian Highlands and Management Strategic Options for Mitigating Soil Acidity for Enhancing Crop Productivity 埃塞俄比亚高原土壤酸度对作物生产的挑战以及缓解土壤酸度以提高作物生产力的管理战略选择
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.aff.20211006.15
Abu Regasa Gemada
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引用次数: 3
Effect of Integrated Use of Coffee Husk Compost and NPS Fertilizer on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Yield of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) at Haru, Ethiopia 咖啡壳堆肥与NPS肥混用对埃塞俄比亚Haru地区咖啡土壤理化性质及产量的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.aff.20211006.14
Gemechu Chali, Tesfaye Wakgari
: Integrated application of inorganic and organic fertilizers is the main sources for replenishing plant nutrients in agricultural soils. However, selecting the optimum combination of these resources based on soil type and crop species is necessary. In this context, field experiment was conducted at Haru research center to assess the effect of coffee husk Compost and NPS Fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties and Yield of coffee in 2018/2019. The treatments were the different rates of both compost and NPS fertilizers laid out in randomized complete block design. Soil samples were taken before and after planting. Analytically determined soil physicochemical and agronomic data was subjected to analysis of variance using GLM procedures of the Statistical Analysis System Software (version 9.3). The results of the study showed that combined application of coffee husk compost and NPS fertilizers were improved soil moisture and total porosity over control, while, bulk density was decreased below the control. The alkalinity of applied compost caused increment of soil pH after treating the plots by coffee husk compost. Moreover, the application of coffee husk compost along with inorganic fertilizers increased the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available sulfur, exchangeable basis and CEC. Combined application of coffee husk compost at (7.5 t ha ) and mineral 1 NPS fertilizer at (50 kg ha ) has better improved yield of coffee crop. The experimental yield of Manasibu 1 variety for present study from the station was 1.59 t ha . Therefore, based on the result of the study it can be 1 concluded that under condition of low soil pH of study area the availability of essential nutrients (e.g. P, N, K, Ca, Mg and Mo) are critically affected. This indicates that the strong acid pH values at Haru Research sub-center require more attention. Moreover, the low levels of CEC, organic carbon, total nitrogen and available P contents at study area soils confirm that soil fertility is among the constraints for sustainable coffee production in the Haru district. In response to this application of integrated NPS fertilizer and coffee husk compost with different rates improved soil physicochemical properties and coffee yield. Nevertheless, the potential coffee productivity in the area has not yet been exploited. Alleviating the soil fertility problems of the soils of study area through integrated application of local available coffee husk compost and blended NPS fertilizer could be one option. The study recommended that the use of 7.5 t ha coffee husk compost and 50 kg ha of NPS 1
无机和有机肥料的综合施用是补充农业土壤植物养分的主要来源。然而,根据土壤类型和作物种类选择这些资源的最佳组合是必要的。在此背景下,在春研究中心进行了2018/2019年咖啡壳堆肥和NPS肥对咖啡土壤理化性质和产量的影响的田间试验。试验采用完全随机区组设计,分别施不同比例的堆肥和NPS肥。种植前后分别取土壤样品。分析确定的土壤理化和农艺数据使用统计分析系统软件(9.3版)的GLM程序进行方差分析。结果表明:咖啡壳堆肥与NPS肥料配施能显著提高土壤含水量和孔隙度,降低土壤容重;咖啡壳堆肥处理后,土壤pH值随施用堆肥的碱度增加而增加。与无机肥料配合施用咖啡壳堆肥可提高土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效硫、交换性基和CEC含量。咖啡壳堆肥(7.5 t hm2)与无机氮磷肥(50 kg hm2)配施能较好地提高咖啡作物产量。本试验站试验马纳西武1号的产量为1.59 t / h。因此,根据研究结果可以得出结论,在研究区土壤pH较低的条件下,必需养分(如P、N、K、Ca、Mg和Mo)的有效性受到严重影响。这表明Haru研究分中心的强酸pH值需要更多的关注。此外,研究区土壤CEC、有机碳、全氮和速效磷含量较低,证实了土壤肥力是制约Haru地区咖啡可持续生产的因素之一。不同比例的NPS肥与咖啡壳堆肥配合施用,改善了土壤理化性质,提高了咖啡产量。然而,该地区潜在的咖啡产量尚未得到开发。综合施用当地速效咖啡壳堆肥和NPS混合肥料可以缓解研究区土壤肥力问题。研究建议使用7.5吨/公顷的咖啡壳堆肥和50公斤/公顷的NPS 1
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引用次数: 2
Evaluating Agronomic and Essential Oil of African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Varieties Intercropping with Tomato by Its Population Density at Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia 非洲万寿菊(Tagetes erecta L.)的农艺及精油评价埃塞俄比亚南部Wondo Genet番茄间作品种种群密度分析
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.aff.20211006.13
Wondimkun Dikr, Desta Abayechaw
: Intercropping of African marigolds between tomatoes protects the tomato plants from harmful root-knot nematodes in the soil and increase the marketable fruit yield of tomato by trapping different insects and pest attack and the like. Field experiment was conducted to assess effect of plant densities of intercropped African Marigold Varieties on yield related traits and yield of the associated crops and to evaluate the productivity and economic value of tomato and African marigold intercropping system, in southern parts of Ethiopia, at Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center in 2017/18 cropping season. Three varieties of African marigold (AVT 001, AVT 540 and AVT 7063) at three population densities (PD) (25%, 50%
:在番茄间间作非洲万寿菊,可防止土壤中有害的根结线虫对番茄的侵害,并可诱捕不同的病虫害等,提高番茄的适销果实产量。2017/18种植季,在埃塞俄比亚南部的Wondo Genet农业研究中心进行了田间试验,以评估间作非洲万金菊品种种植密度对产量相关性状和相关作物产量的影响,并评估番茄与非洲万金菊间作系统的生产力和经济价值。三个品种的非洲万寿菊(AVT 001, AVT 540和AVT 7063)在三个种群密度(PD) (25%, 50%)
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引用次数: 1
Effect of Sulfur and Bradyrhizobium Inoculation on Nodulation and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) on Nitisols of Southwestern Ethiopia 硫和缓生根瘤菌接种对埃塞俄比亚西南部土壤上大豆(Glycine max L.)结瘤和产量的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.aff.20211006.18
Habetamu Getinet, G. Hailu, Hirut Birhanu
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Analysis Studies in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes for Tuber Yield and Yield Related Traits 马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)遗传分析研究块茎产量及产量相关性状的基因型
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.aff.20211005.15
Awoke Ali Zeleke, Tiegist Dejene Abebe, Baye Berihun Getahun
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of Smallholder Commercialization of Tomato Crop in Siltie Zone, Southern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚南部西尔蒂地区番茄作物小农商业化的决定因素
Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20200906.12
Bahilu Ejeta, Derebe Ermias, Gosaye Ashetu
The productivity of agricultural resources was very low; especially in the developing world where production is common on fragile lands and characterized by small-scale subsistence farming. Commercialization of agriculture provides farm households with a means to alleviate poverty and food insecurity by generating incomes in the rural areas. This paper aims to identify factors affecting commercialization of tomato crop by smallholder farmers in Siltie Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Both structured and unstructured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion were used to collect data from 175 respondents randomly selected from designated locations in the study area. Descriptive statistics and heckman two stage models were used to analyze the collected data. According to first stage Heckman selection estimation (probit regression) model result, Education, frequency of extension contact, distance to market, market agreement and lagged price played a significant role in smallholder commercialization decision. In the second-stage of Heckman selection estimation family size, education, land allocated for tomato production, frequency of agricultural extension contact, distance to nearest market, productivity, lagged price and inverse mill’s ratio were significantly affect level of tomato commercialization. Thus, the study recommends the need for designing appropriate intervention mechanisms focusing on the abovementioned factors so as to improve the performance of tomato crop commercialization.
农业资源生产力很低;特别是在发展中国家,在脆弱的土地上共同生产,以小规模自给农业为特点。农业商业化通过在农村地区创造收入,为农户提供了一种减轻贫困和粮食不安全的手段。本文旨在确定影响埃塞俄比亚南部西尔蒂地区小农番茄作物商业化的因素。采用结构化和非结构化问卷调查和焦点小组讨论的方式,从研究区域指定地点随机选择175名受访者收集数据。采用描述性统计和heckman两阶段模型对收集到的数据进行分析。第一阶段Heckman选择估计(probit regression)模型结果显示,教育程度、外延接触频率、市场距离、市场协议和滞后价格对小农商业化决策有显著影响。在Heckman选择估计的第二阶段,家庭规模、受教育程度、番茄生产用地分配、农业推广接触频率、到最近市场的距离、生产力、滞后价格和逆磨比显著影响番茄商品化水平。因此,研究建议有必要针对上述因素设计适当的干预机制,以提高番茄作物的商业化性能。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of Red Bean Commercialization by Smallholder Farmers in Shalla Districts, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州沙拉地区小农红豆商业化的决定因素
Pub Date : 2020-10-30 DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20200906.11
Bahilu Ejeta, Daniel Masresha
Smallholder farmers face many constraints that impede them to derive benefits from market participation. This study assessed factors that influence output side commercialization decision and level of commercialization of red bean crop in Shalla Districts, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. In this study multi stage sampling techniques were employed to select 150 bean producers from five sample kebeles in the study area. Both descriptive and econometric methods were used to analyze the data. Heckman’s two step sample selection model was applied to analyze factors determining commercialization decision and level of commercialization in the bean market. The first-stage probit model estimation results revealed that age of household head, years of schooling, membership cooperative, family size, off-farm activities and active labor affected probability of market participation. Second-stage Heckman selection estimation indicated that age of household head, family size, farm size and years of schooling significantly determined volume of red bean supply. The results also showed that most of the factors determining decision of participation in red bean farm also determine level of participation, suggesting that the two decisions were made simultaneously by red bean producers. Finally, stakeholders should be designing appropriate policies, creating better credit services and agricultural extension services to households, advancing market infrastructure and delivering of marketing incentives to smallholder farmers which would encourage the farmers to participate in the food market.
小农面临许多限制,阻碍他们从市场参与中获得利益。本研究评估了影响埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州Shalla地区红豆作物产出侧商业化决策和商业化水平的因素。本研究采用多阶段抽样技术,从研究区域的5个抽样工厂中选取150名豆农。采用描述性和计量经济学方法对数据进行分析。运用Heckman的两步样本选择模型分析了大豆市场商业化决策和商业化水平的决定因素。第一阶段probit模型估计结果显示,户主年龄、受教育年限、成员合作社、家庭规模、非农活动和积极劳动力影响市场参与概率。第二阶段Heckman选择估计表明,户主年龄、家庭规模、农场规模和受教育年限对红豆供应量有显著影响。结果还表明,决定红豆农场参与决策的大部分因素也决定了红豆农场的参与水平,这表明红豆农场和红豆农场的参与决策是同时进行的。最后,利益相关者应该设计适当的政策,为家庭提供更好的信贷服务和农业推广服务,推进市场基础设施,并向小农提供营销激励措施,以鼓励农民参与粮食市场。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Striga Suppression Effect Herbicides (Chlorsulfuron 75% WDG) on Sorghum ((Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in Western Tigray, Ethiopia 除草剂氯磺隆75% WDG对高粱(Sorghum bicolor (L.))的抑制效果评价Moench)在西提格雷,埃塞俄比亚
Pub Date : 2020-10-27 DOI: 10.11648/j.aff.20200905.13
A. Kebede, Yirga Belay Kindeya, Letemaryam Desta, Zereabrk Geremedhin Tafere
Striga is the major sorghum production constraints in western Tigray, Ethiopia. Three Striga sick plot locations (Rawyan, Adebay and Beaker Kebeles) were selected during 2019 main cropping season. The objective of the study was to evaluate the Striga suppression effect of Chlorsulfuron 75% WDG (Turkey and china) product herbicides on sorghum. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and ten (10gram/hectare) Chlorsulfuron 75% WDG were diluted in water and applied three weeks after planting. Striga count at 60 days after planting, at harvesting and grain yield were recorded and analyzed using GenStat 18version. The treatments showed statistically significant difference (p<001) in Striga and grain yield. But, there was no significant variation between the tested herbicides. The highest Striga count (1602.3/plot) was recorded from control followed by china product (365/plot) and turkey (303.3). The highest mean Striga reduction (81.07%) was recorded from Turkey followed by china (77.22%). The highest Striga count was recorded in Adebay (1298.33) followed by Rawyan (631.33) and Beaker (345).17.98 quintal/hectare, 16.11 and 9.55 yield was recorded in Rawyan, beaker and Adebay respectively The highest grain yield 18.33 quintal/hectare was recorded from Turkey product which is 50.19% yield advantage, 16.48 quintal/hectare 44.6% yield advantage in china product while 9.13quintal/hectare from control. From the study result recommended that both the Turkey and china product herbicides will be promoted to further demonstration and popularization at farm level.
斯特里加是埃塞俄比亚提格雷西部高粱生产的主要制约因素。2019年主要种植季选择了三个Striga病区(Rawyan、Adebay和Beaker Kebeles)。研究了氯磺隆75% WDG(土耳其和中国)产品除草剂对高粱Striga的抑制效果。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD), 3个重复,播种3周后施用10剂(10g /公顷)75%氯磺隆WDG。使用GenStat 18version记录和分析种植后60天、收获时和籽粒产量的Striga计数。不同处理间稻瘟病菌和籽粒产量差异有统计学意义(p<001)。但是,被试除草剂之间没有显著差异。对照组史特雷加数最高(1602.3只/地),其次是中国产肉鸡(365只/地)和火鸡(303.3只/地)。土耳其的斯特里加菌感染率最高(81.07%),其次是中国(77.22%)。Striga数量最高的是阿德拜(1298.33),其次是Rawyan(631.33)和Beaker(345),产量分别为17.98、16.11和9.55吨/公顷。土耳其产品产量最高,产量优势50.19%,中国产品产量优势16.48吨/公顷,产量优势44.6%,对照为9.13吨/公顷。从研究结果来看,土耳其和中国的产品除草剂都将进一步在农场层面进行示范和推广。
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Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
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