{"title":"Psychological and social effects on long term quarantined college students: Prevalence, correlated factors and coping skills","authors":"Héctor Badellino , María Emilia Gobbo , Eduardo Torres , María Emilia Aschieri , Martín Biotti , Valentina Alvarez , Camila Gigante , Mabel Cachiarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress on Argentinian university students, their risk factors, concerns and coping skills.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted in college students from Argentina, using a survey spread on social networks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1711 surveyed students, 40.67% experienced moderate/severe anxiety, 58.03% experienced moderate/severe depression, 48.01% experienced stress and 68.8% reported insomnia. Females (aOR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.67–2.75), young people (aOR: 2.86; 95%CI: 1.07–7.65), smokers (aOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.005–1.79), users of marijuana (aOR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.19–3.96) and participants with poor sleep quality (aOR: 3.99; 95% CI: 3.08–5.17) were more affected. Economic concerns (aOR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.50–2.68), unemployment (aOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.02–1.56) and concern about not seeing friends (aOR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.03–1.56) were associated with increased risk of having the conditions mentioned above.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The psychological impact caused by the long-term confinement is greater on Argentinian university students than on the general population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"54 1","pages":"Pages 12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2025.07.003
Claudia Elera-Fitzcarrald , Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria , Guilliam Beltrán
Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multiorgan involvement, being the development of neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms variable, in which the presentation of catatonia and Cotard syndrome (CoS) is rare.
Case presentation
We report the case of a 29-year-old woman who was diagnosed with SLE in 2018 based on the presence of articular, serosal and, hematological manifestations and immunological abnormalities. During her hospitalization, inappropriate behaviors including repetitive and incoherent speech, visual and olfactory hallucinations developed, so NP involvement was considered, and quetiapine and methylprednisolone pulses were administered with good response. The patient was discharged to the care of her family, being stuporous, bradypsychic, with thought blockages and nihilistic delusions; in consequence, she was diagnosed with Cotard syndrome (CoS). Moreover, she presented symptoms of catatonia including mutism, catalepsy and rigidity. Treatment consisted of diazepam, aripiprazole 30 mg/day, fluoxetine 20 mg/day and prednisone 60 mg/day.
Conclusion
Catatonia can be a manifestation of NPSLE in active SLE. Catatonic symptoms and CoS in NPSLE have never been described. This is the first report of a SLE patient exhibiting CoS and catatonia.
{"title":"Catatonia and Cotard's Syndrome in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report","authors":"Claudia Elera-Fitzcarrald , Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria , Guilliam Beltrán","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multiorgan involvement, being the development of neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms variable, in which the presentation of catatonia and Cotard syndrome (CoS) is rare.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>We report the case of a 29-year-old woman who was diagnosed with SLE in 2018 based on the presence of articular, serosal and, hematological manifestations and immunological abnormalities. During her hospitalization, inappropriate behaviors including repetitive and incoherent speech, visual and olfactory hallucinations developed, so NP involvement was considered, and quetiapine and methylprednisolone pulses were administered with good response. The patient was discharged to the care of her family, being stuporous, bradypsychic, with thought blockages and nihilistic delusions; in consequence, she was diagnosed with Cotard syndrome (CoS). Moreover, she presented symptoms of catatonia including mutism, catalepsy and rigidity. Treatment consisted of diazepam, aripiprazole 30<!--> <!-->mg/day, fluoxetine 20<!--> <!-->mg/day and prednisone 60<!--> <!-->mg/day.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Catatonia can be a manifestation of NPSLE in active SLE. Catatonic symptoms and CoS in NPSLE have never been described. This is the first report of a SLE patient exhibiting CoS and catatonia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"54 1","pages":"Pages 191-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.11.003
Olivia Olivé-Arias, Dania Falfán-Salgado, Carlos De la Cruz-de la Cruz, Omar Kawas-Valle
Introduction
The cerebellum has traditionally been found to be the only coordinator of motor functions, however, recent studies have shown that the cerebellum also has a role in cognitive and affective processing. CCAS is characterized by impaired executive functions, visual–spatial disorganization, emotional dysregulation, changes in personality and language deficits. The cognitive and affective symptoms that make up the CCAS have been attributed to disorders of the cerebral hemispheres, specifically in association areas and paralimbic regions.
Case report
A 26-year-old woman is presented, with a history of sexual abuse at the age of 14, a history of psychiatric hospitalizations due to multiple depressive episodes and suicide attempts since the age of 16, who also presents a deficiency in information processing speed and visual–spatial disorganization. CMR is performed showing evidence of cerebellar cortex atrophy.
Discussion/conclusion
Early identification and diagnosis of CCAS is vital for effective therapy and perhaps better outcomes. Faced with a profile with cognitive-affective symptoms, neuropsychological deficits, and language disorders, CCAS should be included in the differential diagnosis, and physicians should intentionally look for cerebellar lesions.
{"title":"Cerebellar Cognitive-Affective Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"Olivia Olivé-Arias, Dania Falfán-Salgado, Carlos De la Cruz-de la Cruz, Omar Kawas-Valle","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The cerebellum has traditionally been found to be the only coordinator of motor functions, however, recent studies have shown that the cerebellum also has a role in cognitive and affective processing. CCAS is characterized by impaired executive functions, visual–spatial disorganization, emotional dysregulation, changes in personality and language deficits. The cognitive and affective symptoms that make up the CCAS have been attributed to disorders of the cerebral hemispheres, specifically in association areas and paralimbic regions.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>A 26-year-old woman is presented, with a history of sexual abuse at the age of 14, a history of psychiatric hospitalizations due to multiple depressive episodes and suicide attempts since the age of 16, who also presents a deficiency in information processing speed and visual–spatial disorganization. CMR is performed showing evidence of cerebellar cortex atrophy.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion/conclusion</h3><div>Early identification and diagnosis of CCAS is vital for effective therapy and perhaps better outcomes. Faced with a profile with cognitive-affective symptoms, neuropsychological deficits, and language disorders, CCAS should be included in the differential diagnosis, and physicians should intentionally look for cerebellar lesions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"54 1","pages":"Pages 174-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.09.001
Marciana Fernandes Moll , Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura , Aldo Matos , Ana Beatriz Rizzo Zanardo , Mary Carla Velasco Melo , Ronadia dos Santos Silva
Objectives
To develop and validate an educational booklet that contributes to alleviating the difficulties experienced by family members of children diagnosed as being on the Autism Spectrum.
Methods
A descriptive exploratory study with a quali-quantitative approach. Ten families of children on the autism spectrum and twelve judges participated in the validation. Data collection took place through open interviews and data was analysed according to the procedures recommended by Bardin.
Results
Difficulties identified included problems in children's verbal and non-verbal communication, daily care, school inclusion, late diagnosis due to the lack of specialists, and lack of psychological support for the family and for handling the child during an episode of crisis. Informational needs included early diagnosis, evolution and management of crises, children's ability to learn daily life activities, and information about their right to inclusion in formal education. Based on these difficulties and needs, the booklet was created and validated by eight experts and four family members. Comparing the average of positive reviews in each section, which were obtained in the first and second evaluations, there was a general improvement in the quality of the booklet.
Conclusions
The validation of educational materials on this topic can be essential to improve the quality of life of children, families, and educators.
{"title":"Creation and Validation of an Educational Booklet on Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Marciana Fernandes Moll , Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura , Aldo Matos , Ana Beatriz Rizzo Zanardo , Mary Carla Velasco Melo , Ronadia dos Santos Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To develop and validate an educational booklet that contributes to alleviating the difficulties experienced by family members of children diagnosed as being on the Autism Spectrum.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A descriptive exploratory study with a quali-quantitative approach. Ten families of children on the autism spectrum and twelve judges participated in the validation. Data collection took place through open interviews and data was analysed according to the procedures recommended by Bardin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Difficulties identified included problems in children's verbal and non-verbal communication, daily care, school inclusion, late diagnosis due to the lack of specialists, and lack of psychological support for the family and for handling the child during an episode of crisis. Informational needs included early diagnosis, evolution and management of crises, children's ability to learn daily life activities, and information about their right to inclusion in formal education. Based on these difficulties and needs, the booklet was created and validated by eight experts and four family members. Comparing the average of positive reviews in each section, which were obtained in the first and second evaluations, there was a general improvement in the quality of the booklet.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The validation of educational materials on this topic can be essential to improve the quality of life of children, families, and educators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 4","pages":"Pages 496-504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been shown that public stigma towards people with schizophrenia hinders their psychosocial integration. Public stigma expresses itself through lexical labels used in the print media and social networks, heightening the internalization of stigma in this population, a phenomenon known as internalised stigma or self-stigma. This paper analyses the diffusion in the mass media of two dimensions of stigma: public stigma and self-stigma.
Methods
For public stigma, we searched for the lexical labels “schizophrenia”, “schizophrenic”, “psychosis” and “psychotic” in Chilean newspapers from 2010 to 2020, and for self-stigma, we used semi-structured interviews with people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who are users of mental health services in Santiago de Chile. The findings were organised into four categories per stigma dimension. Lexical frequencies and semantic relationships were then analysed using the UAM Corpus tool and AntConc software.
Results
The results showed frequent use of stigmatising labels in the written press, with harmful semantic associations such as violence, delinquency, unpredictability and danger.
Conclusions
Such labels tend to be accepted by those affected, evidence of their internalisation of the stigma towards the disease, and create a barrier to integration and inclusion.
{"title":"Exploring Stigma Towards People with Schizophrenia in Mass Media and Their Private Discourses","authors":"Emmanuel Méndez , Alicia Figueroa-Barra , Cristina Martínez , Eduardo Durán","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>It has been shown that public stigma towards people with schizophrenia hinders their psychosocial integration. Public stigma expresses itself through lexical labels used in the print media and social networks, heightening the internalization of stigma in this population, a phenomenon known as internalised stigma or self-stigma. This paper analyses the diffusion in the mass media of two dimensions of stigma: public stigma and self-stigma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>For public stigma, we searched for the lexical labels “schizophrenia”, “schizophrenic”, “psychosis” and “psychotic” in Chilean newspapers from 2010 to 2020, and for self-stigma, we used semi-structured interviews with people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who are users of mental health services in Santiago de Chile. The findings were organised into four categories per stigma dimension. Lexical frequencies and semantic relationships were then analysed using the UAM Corpus tool and AntConc software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed frequent use of stigmatising labels in the written press, with harmful semantic associations such as violence, delinquency, unpredictability and danger.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Such labels tend to be accepted by those affected, evidence of their internalisation of the stigma towards the disease, and create a barrier to integration and inclusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 4","pages":"Pages 471-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.002
Pablo Salomón Montes-Arcón , Adalberto Campo-Arias , John Carlos Pedrozo-Pupo
Background and objectives
Depressive episodes are frequent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. These episodes are related to a vast number of clinical and psychosocial variables. Nevertheless, the relationship between the number of COPD exacerbations and depression has not been extensively studied in the Colombian Caribbean. The objective was to determine the relationship between COPD exacerbations and depression in a sample of outpatients in Santa Marta, Colombia.
Methods
A cross-sectional analytical study was designed in which COPD adult patients participated. The number of COPD exacerbations (none versus one or more) and the risk of depression were documented. The crude and adjusted association was established by calculating the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI).
Results
The study included 408 patients aged between 40 and 102 years (mean 72.9 ± 10.2), and 58.8% were male. 105 patients (25.9%) reported one or more exacerbations in COPD, and 114 patients (27.9%) were at risk for depression. The crude relationship between exacerbations and depression was statistically significant (OR = 1.80; 95%CI, 1.12-2.89) and after adjusting for sex (OR = 1.99; 95%CI, 1.23-3.23).
Conclusions
The number of COPD exacerbations among outpatients in Santa Marta, Colombia is related to depression. Longitudinal studies are needed in Colombia.
{"title":"Relationship Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations and Depression","authors":"Pablo Salomón Montes-Arcón , Adalberto Campo-Arias , John Carlos Pedrozo-Pupo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Depressive episodes are frequent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. These episodes are related to a vast number of clinical and psychosocial variables. Nevertheless, the relationship between the number of COPD exacerbations and depression has not been extensively studied in the Colombian Caribbean. The objective was to determine the relationship between COPD exacerbations and depression in a sample of outpatients in Santa Marta, Colombia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional analytical study was designed in which COPD adult patients participated. The number of COPD exacerbations (none versus one or more) and the risk of depression were documented. The crude and adjusted association was established by calculating the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 408 patients aged between 40 and 102 years (mean 72.9<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->10.2), and 58.8% were male. 105 patients (25.9%) reported one or more exacerbations in COPD, and 114 patients (27.9%) were at risk for depression. The crude relationship between exacerbations and depression was statistically significant (OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.80; 95%CI, 1.12-2.89) and after adjusting for sex (OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.99; 95%CI, 1.23-3.23).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The number of COPD exacerbations among outpatients in Santa Marta, Colombia is related to depression. Longitudinal studies are needed in Colombia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 4","pages":"Pages 443-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.005
Johann M. Vega-Dienstmaier , Frine Samalvides , Renato D. Alarcón
Introduction
Knowledge of the symptomatological structure of mental disorders is relevant for their understanding and classification. In the absence of previous Latin American research on the simultaneous structural exploration of various types of psychiatric symptomatologies, the objective of this study is to examine the structure of anxious and mood-related symptoms, resulting syndromes, and their correlations.
Method
Several instruments for the evaluation of anxious, depressive, and manic symptoms were administered to 305 psychiatric outpatients. Using factor analysis and network graphs based on polychoric correlations between the symptoms, their clustering patterns (syndromes) were explored. Further, correlations between the scores of each resulting syndrome were performed.
Results
The symptom grouping process led to a total of fifteen generally overlapping syndromes: fear of evaluation, fear of people, agoraphobia, general anxiety, somatization, anergy, depressive core, lack of positive mood, cognitive difficulties, mania, post-traumatic stress/obsessions, fear of madness/loss of control, acrophobia, irritability, and sleep disturbances. General anxiety was at the center of the structure. Morning/matinal pole, hypersomnia, and increased appetite were relatively isolated symptoms.
Conclusion
Overlapping and/or highly correlated psychiatric syndromes were prominent findings, underlining the pertinence of a dimensional approach as a substantial strategy toward a more inclusive understanding of mental disorders.
{"title":"Structural Study of Anxiety and Mood-related Symptomatology in Psychiatric Outpatients","authors":"Johann M. Vega-Dienstmaier , Frine Samalvides , Renato D. Alarcón","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Knowledge of the symptomatological structure of mental disorders is relevant for their understanding and classification. In the absence of previous Latin American research on the simultaneous structural exploration of various types of psychiatric symptomatologies, the objective of this study is to examine the structure of anxious and mood-related symptoms, resulting syndromes, and their correlations.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Several instruments for the evaluation of anxious, depressive, and manic symptoms were administered to 305 psychiatric outpatients. Using factor analysis and network graphs based on polychoric correlations between the symptoms, their clustering patterns (syndromes) were explored. Further, correlations between the scores of each resulting syndrome were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The symptom grouping process led to a total of fifteen generally overlapping syndromes: fear of evaluation, fear of people, agoraphobia, general anxiety, somatization, anergy, depressive core, lack of positive mood, cognitive difficulties, mania, post-traumatic stress/obsessions, fear of madness/loss of control, acrophobia, irritability, and sleep disturbances. General anxiety was at the center of the structure. Morning/matinal pole, hypersomnia, and increased appetite were relatively isolated symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overlapping and/or highly correlated psychiatric syndromes were prominent findings, underlining the pertinence of a dimensional approach as a substantial strategy toward a more inclusive understanding of mental disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 4","pages":"Pages 505-516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.003
Fabian Pavez , Erika Saura , Pedro Marset
Introduction and objectives
The beliefs and opinions of the general population are based substantially on mass media, which often equates mental disorders with violence and criminality. These stigmatising depictions contribute to the development and persistence of negative attitudes towards people with psychiatric conditions. The objective was to examine, through popular music, the subcultural representations of crime and violence in the context of mental disorders, focusing on depictions of victims and offenders.
Methods
Strategy of analysis: Content analysis of Spanish punk lyrics (1981-2010) with references to violent and criminal behaviour associated with mental disorders.
Results
257 Spanish punk bands were identified. The discographies included 7,777 songs, of which 190 were related to aggression, violence, or crime. A predilection for violent crimes and descriptions of the perpetrator as “mentally disturbed” was observed. Although they were present, psychotic symptoms were not the main psychiatric symptoms associated with violent crime, but instead it was substance use, antisocial personality traits and paraphilic behaviour. There was less attention paid to victims than to perpetrators.
Conclusions
The relationships between mental disorders and criminality/violence are overemphasised in the analysed subculture. A positive connotation of social deviance and violent content (particularly serial murder) in service to the provocative nature of this type of music was observed.
{"title":"Subcultural Representations of Perpetrators and Victims of Crime and Violence Associated with Mental Disorders","authors":"Fabian Pavez , Erika Saura , Pedro Marset","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>The beliefs and opinions of the general population are based substantially on mass media, which often equates mental disorders with violence and criminality. These stigmatising depictions contribute to the development and persistence of negative attitudes towards people with psychiatric conditions. The objective was to examine, through popular music, the subcultural representations of crime and violence in the context of mental disorders, focusing on depictions of victims and offenders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Strategy of analysis: Content analysis of Spanish punk lyrics (1981-2010) with references to violent and criminal behaviour associated with mental disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>257 Spanish punk bands were identified. The discographies included 7,777 songs, of which 190 were related to aggression, violence, or crime. A predilection for violent crimes and descriptions of the perpetrator as “mentally disturbed” was observed. Although they were present, psychotic symptoms were not the main psychiatric symptoms associated with violent crime, but instead it was substance use, antisocial personality traits and paraphilic behaviour. There was less attention paid to victims than to perpetrators.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The relationships between mental disorders and criminality/violence are overemphasised in the analysed subculture. A positive connotation of social deviance and violent content (particularly serial murder) in service to the provocative nature of this type of music was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 4","pages":"Pages 458-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.001
Ricardo Ignacio Audiffred-Jaramillo , Javier Eduardo García De Alba-García
Introduction
Schizophrenia is a severe and persistent mental disorder that affects around 21 million people worldwide. The etiology of schizophrenia is currently understood as heterogeneous and multifactorial. Genetic and environmental factors are the most common explanations for the onset of schizophrenia, but along with these, hybridized cultural ideas coexist between medical, superstitious, and religious paradigms. The objective was to identify the relationship between cultural beliefs about schizophrenia, etiology and expressed emotion.
Methods
The present study used a mixed-method design, with an analytical approach for ethnographic research. The sample consisted of 40 people, relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, selected using simple random probabilistic sampling.
Results
A valid cultural consensus was found with statistical significance (p≤.05). Emotional trauma in childhood was identified as the leading cause of schizophrenia, followed by hereditary factors, emotional problems, head trauma, mistreatment, and divine will. The better-informed relatives expressed less emotion than those with less cultural competence (Mann-Whitney's U = 1.000; p < .001).
Conclusions
Mexican families in this study had a high degree of scientific knowledge about the etiology of schizophrenia, but religious ideas and compassionate explanations were part of this hybridized model.
{"title":"Cultural Beliefs About the Etiology of Schizophrenia and Expressed Emotion in Mexican Families","authors":"Ricardo Ignacio Audiffred-Jaramillo , Javier Eduardo García De Alba-García","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Schizophrenia is a severe and persistent mental disorder that affects around 21 million people worldwide. The etiology of schizophrenia is currently understood as heterogeneous and multifactorial. Genetic and environmental factors are the most common explanations for the onset of schizophrenia, but along with these, hybridized cultural ideas coexist between medical, superstitious, and religious paradigms. The objective was to identify the relationship between cultural beliefs about schizophrenia, etiology and expressed emotion.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present study used a mixed-method design, with an analytical approach for ethnographic research. The sample consisted of 40 people, relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, selected using simple random probabilistic sampling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A valid cultural consensus was found with statistical significance (p≤.05). Emotional trauma in childhood was identified as the leading cause of schizophrenia, followed by hereditary factors, emotional problems, head trauma, mistreatment, and divine will. The better-informed relatives expressed less emotion than those with less cultural competence (Mann-Whitney's U<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.000; p<!--> <!--><<!--> <!-->.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mexican families in this study had a high degree of scientific knowledge about the etiology of schizophrenia, but religious ideas and compassionate explanations were part of this hybridized model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 4","pages":"Pages 435-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.06.006
Oscar Ribero , Anne-Marie Castilloux , Lina Maria Agudelo , Gerardo Machnicki , Vanesa Morales , Sergio Perocco , Genaro Castillon , Yola Moride
Introduction
The benefits of long-acting injectable antipsychotics have been documented in several observational studies, but data remain scarce in Latin America. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate once monthly (PP1M) on treatment adherence and relapse in the schizophrenia population followed in a government-funded mental health care facility in Colombia.
Methods
A mirror-image study was conducted. Adult schizophrenia patients treated with oral antipsychotics who subsequently received ≥2 PP1M injections between Jan. 1st, 2015 and Oct. 31st, 2018 were included. The study consisted of two retrospective phases: 12 months before and after the first PP1M injection. Outcomes were treatment adherence (proportion of days covered ≥80%), hospitalized relapse, hospital length of stay, and non-hospitalised relapse. Effect of PP1M on outcomes was assessed through multivariable conditional Poisson regression.
Results
123 patients were eligible (mean age, 30.3 years; 79.7% males). Adherence was 23.6% in the pre-phase and 89.4% in the post-phase (RR = 3.77; 95%CI, 2.75-5.17). The proportion of patients with hospitalised relapse decreased from 46.3% to 35.0% (RR = 0.76; 95%CI, 0.59-0.99). In the 75 (61.0%) patients who continued PP1M throughout post-phase, beneficial effect on hospitalised relapse was stronger (RR = 0.64; 95%CI, 0.42-0.98). The proportion of patients with non-hospitalised relapse symptoms increased from 6.5% to 18.7% (RR = 2.27; 95%CI, 1.11-4.64).
Conclusions
PP1M initiation led to a dramatic improvement in treatment adherence and a decrease in hospitalised relapse. Observed increase in non-hospitalised relapse may be explained by a decrease in severity. Limitations are absence of a parallel comparison group and a generalisability limited to the population treated at this facility. Study provides data for the Latin America region and strength is the assessment of non-hospitalised relapse symptoms.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Paliperidone Palmitate on Treatment Adherence and Relapse in the Adult Schizophrenia Population: A One-Year Mirror-Image Study in a Colombian Mental Health Care Facility","authors":"Oscar Ribero , Anne-Marie Castilloux , Lina Maria Agudelo , Gerardo Machnicki , Vanesa Morales , Sergio Perocco , Genaro Castillon , Yola Moride","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The benefits of long-acting injectable antipsychotics have been documented in several observational studies, but data remain scarce in Latin America. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate once monthly (PP1M) on treatment adherence and relapse in the schizophrenia population followed in a government-funded mental health care facility in Colombia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mirror-image study was conducted. Adult schizophrenia patients treated with oral antipsychotics who subsequently received ≥2 PP1M injections between Jan. 1<sup>st</sup>, 2015 and Oct. 31<sup>st</sup>, 2018 were included. The study consisted of two retrospective phases: 12 months before and after the first PP1M injection. Outcomes were treatment adherence (proportion of days covered ≥80%), hospitalized relapse, hospital length of stay, and non-hospitalised relapse. Effect of PP1M on outcomes was assessed through multivariable conditional Poisson regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>123 patients were eligible (mean age, 30.3 years; 79.7% males). Adherence was 23.6% in the pre-phase and 89.4% in the post-phase (RR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3.77; 95%CI, 2.75-5.17). The proportion of patients with hospitalised relapse decreased from 46.3% to 35.0% (RR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.76; 95%CI, 0.59-0.99). In the 75 (61.0%) patients who continued PP1M throughout post-phase, beneficial effect on hospitalised relapse was stronger (RR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.64; 95%CI, 0.42-0.98). The proportion of patients with non-hospitalised relapse symptoms increased from 6.5% to 18.7% (RR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.27; 95%CI, 1.11-4.64).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PP1M initiation led to a dramatic improvement in treatment adherence and a decrease in hospitalised relapse. Observed increase in non-hospitalised relapse may be explained by a decrease in severity. Limitations are absence of a parallel comparison group and a generalisability limited to the population treated at this facility. Study provides data for the Latin America region and strength is the assessment of non-hospitalised relapse symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 4","pages":"Pages 426-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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