Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.01.002
María Alejandra Betancur Díaz , Andrea Lorena Garzón Ladino , Alexie Vallejo Silva , Milton Murillo Pinto
Introduction
Every 40 s, one person in the world commits suicide. As such, suicide is considered a public health problem, and prior suicide attempt is one of the risk factors associated with completed suicide. Despite the strategies implemented and the studies carried out, in Colombia suicide figures are on the rise, more markedly in the economically active population.
Objective
To identify the sociodemographic, family, personal, economic and religious factors associated with suicide attempt in patients of productive age (18–62 years old) in a mental health institution in Bogota, Colombia.
Methods
An analytical prevalence study was conducted at the Nuestra Señora de la Paz mental health clinic in Bogota. To explore the relationship between the factors described and suicide attempt, a review of 350 medical records of the selected population was carried out.
Results
In total, 37.7% of the sample presented a suicide attempt. Associations were found between the suicide attempt and higher education than primary school (PR = 0.47 [0.23−0.97]), no economic income (PR = 1.72 [1.13−2.61]), no partner (PR = 2.10 [1.33−3.32]), alcohol consumption (P = .045), hallucinogen use (PR = 2.39 [0.97−3.43]) and the presence of personality disorder (PR = 1.93 [1.11−3.34]).
Conclusions
The results of the study are similar to those previously described in other studies around the world. There is a need to recognise and address various factors associated with suicide attempt in depressed patients in order to implement promotion and prevention actions, early identification and specific interventions that have an impact on the numbers of completed suicide in the country.
引言世界上每40秒就有一个人自杀。因此，自杀被认为是一个公共卫生问题，先前的自杀企图是与完全自杀相关的风险因素之一。尽管实施了战略并进行了研究，但哥伦比亚的自杀人数仍在上升，在经济活动人口中更为明显。目的确定哥伦比亚波哥大精神卫生机构中生产年龄（18-62岁）患者自杀未遂的社会人口、家庭、个人、经济和宗教因素。方法在波哥大的Nuestra Señora de la Paz精神卫生诊所进行了一项分析性患病率研究。为了探讨所描述的因素与自杀未遂之间的关系，对选定人群的350份医疗记录进行了审查。结果总的来说，37.7%的样本有自杀企图。自杀未遂与受教育程度高于小学（PR=0.47[0.23−0.97]）、没有经济收入（PR=1.72[1.13−2.61]）、没有伴侣（PR=2.10[1.33−3.32]）、饮酒（P=.045）、，致幻剂的使用（PR=2.39[0.97−3.43]）和人格障碍的存在（PR=1.93[1.11−3.34]）。结论该研究的结果与世界各地其他研究中描述的结果相似。有必要认识和解决与抑郁症患者自杀未遂相关的各种因素，以便实施对该国自杀未遂人数有影响的宣传和预防行动、早期识别和具体干预措施。
{"title":"Factors associated with suicidal intent in economically active patients diagnosed with major depression","authors":"María Alejandra Betancur Díaz , Andrea Lorena Garzón Ladino , Alexie Vallejo Silva , Milton Murillo Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Every 40<!--> <span>s, one person in the world commits suicide. As such, suicide is considered a public health problem, and prior suicide attempt is one of the risk factors associated with completed suicide. Despite the strategies implemented and the studies carried out, in Colombia suicide figures are on the rise, more markedly in the economically active population.</span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To identify the sociodemographic, family, personal, economic and religious factors associated with suicide attempt in patients of productive age (18–62 years old) in a mental health institution in Bogota, Colombia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An analytical prevalence study was conducted at the Nuestra Señora de la Paz mental health clinic in Bogota. To explore the relationship between the factors described and suicide attempt, a review of 350 medical records of the selected population was carried out.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 37.7% of the sample presented a suicide attempt. Associations were found between the suicide attempt and higher education than primary school (PR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.47 [0.23−0.97]), no economic income (PR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.72 [1.13−2.61]), no partner (PR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.10 [1.33−3.32]), alcohol consumption (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.045), hallucinogen use (PR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.39 [0.97−3.43]) and the presence of personality disorder (PR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.93 [1.11−3.34]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results of the study are similar to those previously described in other studies around the world. There is a need to recognise and address various factors associated with suicide attempt in depressed patients in order to implement promotion and prevention actions, early identification and specific interventions that have an impact on the numbers of completed suicide in the country.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9884037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.03.004
Oscar Mauricio Castaño Ramírez , Carlos Andrés Gómez Bedoya , Rocío Lemos Buitrago , Juan Carlos Castro Navarro , Luis Guillermo Valencia Aristizábal , Alexandra Valderrama Sánchez , Pablo Felipe Botero , Mayra Alejandra Reinoso Gualtero
Introduction
The safety of electroconvulsive therapy has improved greatly over the last decades, making the potentially adverse effects on memory and other neurocognitive functions the main clinical aspect of concern in the present. In Colombia, the general population and healthcare professionals (even some psychiatrists) seem to have mostly negative opinions towards electroconvulsive therapy treatment, but maybe this could be reconsidered if more information is provided; therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in memory and the severity of the symptoms in a group of patients with severe depression before and after electroconvulsive therapy.
Methods
Twenty-three patients ranging in age from 23 to 70 years from the electroconvulsive therapy service at the San Juan de Dios Clinic (Manizales, Colombia) were recruited in order to assess the effect of electroconvulsive therapy on memory in patients with severe depression. Depressive symptoms and memory were assessed with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), respectively. The assessment was administered to participants before the initial treatment of electroconvulsive therapy series (0-1 day) and 2 days after their last treatment.
Results
Electroconvulsive therapy resulted in significant improvement in the rating of depression. There were no significant differences in the five learning trials, delayed recall, learning and forgetting scores from pre-treatment to post-treatment. Significant pre-treatment/post-treatment differences were found in the delayed recognition trial.
Conclusions
Pre- and post- electroconvulsive therapy cognitive assessment is a feasible and useful procedure. In general, memory performance does not worsen after electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression. Only delayed recognition is affected a few days following electroconvulsive therapy, particularly in patients with low educational level and bitemporal (BT) electrode placement.
{"title":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Impact on Memory Performance in Patients With Depression","authors":"Oscar Mauricio Castaño Ramírez , Carlos Andrés Gómez Bedoya , Rocío Lemos Buitrago , Juan Carlos Castro Navarro , Luis Guillermo Valencia Aristizábal , Alexandra Valderrama Sánchez , Pablo Felipe Botero , Mayra Alejandra Reinoso Gualtero","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The safety of electroconvulsive therapy has improved greatly over the last decades, making the potentially adverse effects on memory and other neurocognitive functions the main clinical aspect of concern in the present. In Colombia, the general population and healthcare professionals (even some psychiatrists) seem to have mostly negative opinions towards electroconvulsive therapy treatment, but maybe this could be reconsidered if more information is provided; therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in memory and the severity of the symptoms in a group of patients with severe depression before and after electroconvulsive therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-three patients ranging in age from 23 to 70 years from the electroconvulsive therapy service at the San Juan de Dios Clinic (Manizales, Colombia) were recruited in order to assess the effect of electroconvulsive therapy on memory in patients with severe depression. Depressive symptoms and memory were assessed with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), respectively. The assessment was administered to participants before the initial treatment of electroconvulsive therapy series (0-1 day) and 2 days after their last treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Electroconvulsive therapy resulted in significant improvement in the rating of depression. There were no significant differences in the five learning trials, delayed recall, learning and forgetting scores from pre-treatment to post-treatment. Significant pre-treatment/post-treatment differences were found in the delayed recognition trial.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Pre- and post- electroconvulsive therapy cognitive assessment is a feasible and useful procedure. In general, memory performance does not worsen after electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression. Only delayed recognition is affected a few days following electroconvulsive therapy, particularly in patients with low educational level and bitemporal (BT) electrode placement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9937653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.07.001
Hernando Santamaría-García
{"title":"Mental health in the current social scenario in Colombia","authors":"Hernando Santamaría-García","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9878584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.07.004
Daniel R. Martínez
Introduction
The publication of Hecker's article on hebephrenia in 1871 was a fundamental milestone for clinical psychiatry. Despite the initial recognition, many voices were raised against this diagnostic category and its limits were attenuated throughout the 20th century until its disappearance at the beginning of this century (along with the other subtypes of schizophrenia) in the DSM and ICD.
Discussion
However, given the consistency of the clinical picture, there is the possibility of other criteria emerging that would lead its systematic study to continue or recommence. In this sense, the concepts of deficit schizophrenia, hebephrenia as a replacement for schizophrenia as a whole, and Leonhard's hebephrenias as systematic schizophrenias stand out. This article discusses the main diagnostic conflicts of the category of hebephrenia over time, with emphasis on the problems of recent decades.
Conclusions
The concept of hebephrenia has begun to be revalued in recent years, and the concepts of deficit schizophrenia, of hebephrenia as a major category, and of systematic hebephrenias allow further investigation of this foundational picture of clinical psychiatry.
{"title":"One hundred and fifty years of hebephrenia. A review","authors":"Daniel R. Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p><span>The publication of Hecker's article on hebephrenia in 1871 was a fundamental milestone for </span>clinical psychiatry. Despite the initial recognition, many voices were raised against this diagnostic category and its limits were attenuated throughout the 20th century until its disappearance at the beginning of this century (along with the other subtypes of schizophrenia) in the DSM and ICD.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>However, given the consistency of the clinical picture, there is the possibility of other criteria emerging that would lead its systematic study to continue or recommence. In this sense, the concepts of deficit schizophrenia, hebephrenia as a replacement for schizophrenia as a whole, and Leonhard's hebephrenias as systematic schizophrenias stand out. This article discusses the main diagnostic conflicts of the category of hebephrenia over time, with emphasis on the problems of recent decades.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The concept of hebephrenia has begun to be revalued in recent years, and the concepts of deficit schizophrenia, of hebephrenia as a major category, and of systematic hebephrenias allow further investigation of this foundational picture of clinical psychiatry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9884035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.04.004
Diego Fernando Alarcón Ariza , Laura Cristina Zambrano Jerez , Carlos Enrique Ramírez Rivero , Jorge Andrés Niño García , Adriana Catalina Ruiz Quecan , Gonzalo Andrés Domínguez Alvarado
Introduction
Shared paranoid disorder is characterised by the development of psychotic symptoms in people who have a close affective bond with a subject suffering from a mental disorder. This case is the first case of burn injuries reported in the context of this disorder.
Case
We describe a young couple, with a similar pattern of burns caused by contact with a griddle. The injuries are the result of the aggression caused by a relative of one of them, who presented psychotic symptoms, related to the previously undiagnosed spectrum of schizophrenia.
Conclusions
The impact of this condition encompasses social, physical and psychological components, requiring multidisciplinary management and a high index of diagnostic suspicion.
{"title":"Burns in the context of a shared psychotic disorder in a Colombian referral centre: A case report","authors":"Diego Fernando Alarcón Ariza , Laura Cristina Zambrano Jerez , Carlos Enrique Ramírez Rivero , Jorge Andrés Niño García , Adriana Catalina Ruiz Quecan , Gonzalo Andrés Domínguez Alvarado","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Shared paranoid disorder is characterised by the development of psychotic symptoms in people who have a close affective bond with a subject suffering from a mental disorder. This case is the first case of burn injuries reported in the context of this disorder.</p></div><div><h3>Case</h3><p>We describe a young couple, with a similar pattern of burns caused by contact with a griddle. The injuries are the result of the aggression caused by a relative of one of them, who presented psychotic symptoms, related to the previously undiagnosed spectrum of schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The impact of this condition encompasses social, physical and psychological components, requiring multidisciplinary management and a high index of diagnostic suspicion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.01.003
Paula Robledo-Rengifo , Juan David Palacio-Ortiz , Jenny García-Valencia , Cristian Vargas-Upegui
Introduction
Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with a decrease in white matter integrity. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have enabled these changes to be elucidated with higher quality. Due to BD’s high heritability, some studies have been conducted in relatives of BD patients looking at white matter integrity, and have found that structural connectivity may also be affected. This alteration has been proposed as a potential BD biomarker of vulnerability. However, there are few studies in children and adolescents.
Objective
To conduct a review of the literature on changes in white matter integrity determined by DTI in high-risk children and adolescents.
Results
Brain structural connectivity in the paediatric population is described in studies using DTI. Changes in the myelination process from its evolution within normal neurodevelopment to the findings in fractional anisotropy (FA) in BD patients and their high-risk relatives are also described.
Conclusions
Studies show that both BD patients and their at-risk relatives present a decrease in FA in specific brain regions. Studies in children and adolescents with a high risk of BD, indicate a reduced FA in axonal tracts involved in emotional and cognitive functions. Decreased FA can be considered as a vulnerability biomarker for BD.
{"title":"Is structural connectivity different in child and adolescent relatives of patients with bipolar disorder? A narrative review according to studies with DTI","authors":"Paula Robledo-Rengifo , Juan David Palacio-Ortiz , Jenny García-Valencia , Cristian Vargas-Upegui","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Bipolar disorder<span><span> (BD) has been associated with a decrease in white matter integrity. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have enabled these changes to be elucidated with higher quality. Due to BD’s high </span>heritability, some studies have been conducted in relatives of BD patients looking at white matter integrity, and have found that structural connectivity may also be affected. This alteration has been proposed as a potential BD biomarker of vulnerability. However, there are few studies in children and adolescents.</span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To conduct a review of the literature on changes in white matter integrity determined by DTI in high-risk children and adolescents.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Brain structural connectivity in the paediatric population is described in studies using DTI. Changes in the </span>myelination<span><span> process from its evolution within normal neurodevelopment to the findings in </span>fractional anisotropy (FA) in BD patients and their high-risk relatives are also described.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Studies show that both BD patients and their at-risk relatives present a decrease in FA in specific brain regions. Studies in children and adolescents with a high risk of BD, indicate a reduced FA in axonal tracts involved in emotional and cognitive functions. Decreased FA can be considered as a vulnerability biomarker for BD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9878600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.04.007
Sebastián León-Giraldo , Germán Casas , Juan Sebastián Cuervo-Sánchez , Tatiana García , Catalina González-Uribe , Rodrigo Moreno-Serra , Oscar Bernal
Background and objectives
Colombia is one of the countries with the highest levels of internal displacement resulting from armed conflict. This population has greater chances of experiencing a mental health disorder, especially in territories historically affected by armed conflict. Our objective was to compare the levels of possible mental health disorder in people experiencing internal displacement in Meta, Colombia, a department historically affected by armed conflict, compared to the internally displaced population in the National Mental Health Survey of 2015.
Methods
Analysis of data collected in the National Mental Health Survey (ENSM) of 2015, study with representative data at national level and the Conflict, Peace and Health survey (CONPAS) of 2014, representative study of the degree of impact of the conflict on the municipality, conducted in the department of Meta, Colombia. To measure possible mental health disorder, the Self-Report Questionnaire-25 (SRQ-25) was used. Internal displacement is self-reported by people surveyed in both studies. An exploratory analysis is used to measure possible mental health disorders in the displaced population in the ENSM 2015 and CONPAS 2014.
Results
1089 adults were surveyed in CONPAS 2014 and 10,870 adults were surveyed in the ENSM 2015. 42.9% (468) and 8.7% (943) of people reported being internally displaced in CONPAS 2014 and ENSM 2015, respectively. In both studies, internally displaced populations have greater chances of experiencing any mental health disorder compared to non-displaced populations. For CONPAS 2014, 21.8% (95%CI, 18.1−25.8) of this population had a possible mental health disorder (SRQ+) compared to 14.0% (95%CI, 11.8−16.3) in the ENSM 2015. Compared with the ENSM 2015, at the regional level (CONPAS 2014), displaced people had a greater chance of presenting depression by 12.4% (95%CI, 9.5−15.7) compared to 5.7% (95%CI, 4.3−7.4) in the ENSM 2015, anxiety in 21.4% (95%CI, 17.7−25.3) compared to 16.5% (95%CI, 14.2−19.1) in the ENSM 2015, and psychosomatic disorders in 52.4% (95%CI, 47.5−56.7) in CONPAS 2014 compared to 42.2% (95%CI, 39.0−45.4) in the ENSM 2015. At the national level (ENSM 2015), displaced people had greater possibilities of presenting, compared to the regional level, suicidal ideation in 11.9% (95%CI, 9.3–14.1) compared to 7.3% (95%CI, 5.0−10.0) in CONPAS 2014 and bipolar disorder in 56.5% (95%CI, 53.2−59.7) compared to 39.3% (95%CI, 34.8−43.9) in CONPAS 2014.
Conclusions
The greater possibilities of displaced populations at the regional level of experiencing a mental health disorder, compared to this same population at the national level, may represent and indicate greater needs in mental health care services in territories affected by conflict. Therefore, and given the need to facilitate access to health services in mental health for populations especially affecte
{"title":"Mental health disorders in population displaced by conflict in Colombia: Comparative analysis against the National Mental Health Survey 2015","authors":"Sebastián León-Giraldo , Germán Casas , Juan Sebastián Cuervo-Sánchez , Tatiana García , Catalina González-Uribe , Rodrigo Moreno-Serra , Oscar Bernal","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Colombia is one of the countries with the highest levels of internal displacement resulting from armed conflict. This population has greater chances of experiencing a mental health disorder, especially in territories historically affected by armed conflict. Our objective was to compare the levels of possible mental health disorder in people experiencing internal displacement in Meta, Colombia, a department historically affected by armed conflict, compared to the internally displaced population in the National Mental Health Survey of 2015.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Analysis of data collected in the National Mental Health Survey (ENSM) of 2015, study with representative data at national level and the Conflict, Peace and Health survey (CONPAS) of 2014, representative study of the degree of impact of the conflict on the municipality, conducted in the department of Meta, Colombia. To measure possible mental health disorder, the Self-Report Questionnaire-25 (SRQ-25) was used. Internal displacement is self-reported by people surveyed in both studies. An exploratory analysis is used to measure possible mental health disorders in the displaced population in the ENSM 2015 and CONPAS 2014.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>1089 adults were surveyed in CONPAS 2014 and 10,870 adults were surveyed in the ENSM 2015. 42.9% (468) and 8.7% (943) of people reported being internally displaced in CONPAS 2014 and ENSM 2015, respectively. In both studies, internally displaced populations have greater chances of experiencing any mental health disorder compared to non-displaced populations. For CONPAS 2014, 21.8% (95%CI, 18.1−25.8) of this population had a possible mental health disorder (SRQ+) compared to 14.0% (95%CI, 11.8−16.3) in the ENSM 2015. Compared with the ENSM 2015, at the regional level (CONPAS 2014), displaced people had a greater chance of presenting depression by 12.4% (95%CI, 9.5−15.7) compared to 5.7% (95%CI, 4.3−7.4) in the ENSM 2015, anxiety in 21.4% (95%CI, 17.7−25.3) compared to 16.5% (95%CI, 14.2−19.1) in the ENSM 2015, and psychosomatic disorders in 52.4% (95%CI, 47.5−56.7) in CONPAS 2014 compared to 42.2% (95%CI, 39.0−45.4) in the ENSM 2015. At the national level (ENSM 2015), displaced people had greater possibilities of presenting, compared to the regional level, suicidal ideation in 11.9% (95%CI, 9.3–14.1) compared to 7.3% (95%CI, 5.0−10.0) in CONPAS 2014 and </span>bipolar disorder in 56.5% (95%CI, 53.2−59.7) compared to 39.3% (95%CI, 34.8−43.9) in CONPAS 2014.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The greater possibilities of displaced populations at the regional level of experiencing a mental health disorder, compared to this same population at the national level, may represent and indicate greater needs in mental health care services in territories affected by conflict. Therefore, and given the need to facilitate access to health services in mental health for populations especially affecte","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9881972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.07.003
Yéssica P. López-Echeverri, Kelly J. Cardona-Londoño, Jhonny F. Garcia-Aguirre, Mary Orrego-Cardozo
Introduction
Serotonin is highly implicated in the regulation of emotional state and the execution of cognitive tasks, so much so that the serotonin transporter genes (5-HTT, SLC6A4) and the serotonin receptor genes (HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A) have become the perfect candidates when studying the effects that these genes and their polymorphic variations have on depression characteristics.
Objective
A review of research reports that have studied the effects of variations in the serotonin transporter and receptor genes on different clinical features of depression.
Methods
A search of the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases was conducted using the keywords ("depression" AND "polymorphism").
Conclusions
According to the review of 54 articles, the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was found to be the most reported risk factor related to the development of depression and its severity. Variations in the genes studied (SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR2A) can generate morphological alterations of brain structures.
引言血清素与情绪状态的调节和认知任务的执行密切相关，因此血清素转运蛋白基因（5-HTT、SLC6A4）和血清素受体基因（HTR1A、HTR1B、HTR2A）已成为研究这些基因及其多态性变异对抑郁症特征影响的完美候选者。目的综述研究血清素转运蛋白和受体基因变异对抑郁症不同临床特征的影响的研究报告。方法检索Scopus、Web of Science和PubMed数据库，关键词为“抑郁症”和“多态性”。所研究的基因（SLC6A4、HTR1A、HTR2A）的变异可以引起大脑结构的形态学改变。
{"title":"Effects of serotonin transporter and receptor polymorphisms on depression","authors":"Yéssica P. López-Echeverri, Kelly J. Cardona-Londoño, Jhonny F. Garcia-Aguirre, Mary Orrego-Cardozo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p><span>Serotonin is highly implicated in the regulation of emotional state and the execution of cognitive tasks, so much so that the serotonin transporter genes </span><em>(5-HTT, SLC6A4)</em><span> and the serotonin receptor genes </span><em>(HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A)</em> have become the perfect candidates when studying the effects that these genes and their polymorphic variations have on depression characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>A review of research reports that have studied the effects of variations in the serotonin transporter and receptor genes on different clinical features of depression.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A search of the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases was conducted using the keywords (\"depression\" AND \"polymorphism\").</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>According to the review of 54 articles, the short allele of the <em>5-HTTLPR</em> polymorphism was found to be the most reported risk factor related to the development of depression and its severity. Variations in the genes studied <em>(SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR2A)</em> can generate morphological alterations of brain structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9884039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.02.008
Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura , Bruna Sordi Carrara , Iracema Da Silva Frazão , Samira Janis Eugênio , Stefany Guimarães de Ávila Domingos , Paulo Sergio Ferreira
This research described the perspective of illicit drug users regarding illicit drug use prevention initiatives. The study used a convergent parallel mixed methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative component of the study, 111 subjects from a psychosocial care centre (CAPS-AD). The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 subjects who were selected from among the participants and who declared themselves to be personally affected as being or having been illicit drugs users. From the perspective of drug users, the results pointed out different prevention initiatives and the institutions that should be responsible for them. For preventive actions to be successful, they must be intersectoral and involve government, community and families.
{"title":"Prevention of Illicit Drug use from the Users’ Perspective","authors":"Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura , Bruna Sordi Carrara , Iracema Da Silva Frazão , Samira Janis Eugênio , Stefany Guimarães de Ávila Domingos , Paulo Sergio Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research described the perspective of illicit drug<span> users regarding illicit drug<span> use prevention initiatives. The study used a convergent parallel mixed methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative component of the study, 111 subjects from a psychosocial care centre (CAPS-AD). The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 subjects who were selected from among the participants and who declared themselves to be personally affected as being or having been illicit drugs users. From the perspective of drug users, the results pointed out different prevention initiatives and the institutions that should be responsible for them. For preventive actions to be successful, they must be intersectoral and involve government, community and families.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9937651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.04.008
Francesco Monteleone , Márcia Gonçalves , Luís Fonseca , Sónia Simões , Andreia Gonçalves , Eduarda Machado , João Fonseca
Introduction
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug eligible for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It frequently represents the best and the only choice in resistant schizophrenia. However, its use is feared by many professionals due to its possible adverse effects, such as eosinophilia.
Case report
We report a case of a young white male suffering from treatment-resistant schizophrenia who rapidly developed eosinophilia after starting clozapine.
Discussion
We present a case of a 26-year-old white man diagnosed with schizophrenia with poor clinical response to several antipsychotics owing to which clozapine was started. Psychotic symptoms improved dramatically but a progressively ascendant eosinophilia was reported during serial haematological analyses. The patient remained physically asymptomatic. An exhaustive assessment with ancillary diagnostic tests revealed no cause for eosinophilia. Thus, a diagnosis of clozapine-induced eosinophilia was made. The drug was discontinued and eosinophil count progressively returned to normal but psychotic symptoms worsened.
Conclusions
Clozapine treatment is frequently feared due to its possible side effects and complications, delaying its use in refractory schizophrenia. Also, to our knowledge, there are no specific guidelines on how to manage haematological side effects such as eosinophilia. This is problematic as, in some cases, it may lead to an unnecessary withdrawal of clozapine with a worsening of psychotic symptoms. We present a brief discussion of the recent literature on the subject.
{"title":"Clozapine-Induced Eosinophilia: a Case Report","authors":"Francesco Monteleone , Márcia Gonçalves , Luís Fonseca , Sónia Simões , Andreia Gonçalves , Eduarda Machado , João Fonseca","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p><span>Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic </span>drug<span> eligible for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It frequently represents the best and the only choice in resistant schizophrenia. However, its use is feared by many professionals due to its possible adverse effects, such as eosinophilia.</span></p></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><p>We report a case of a young white male suffering from treatment-resistant schizophrenia who rapidly developed eosinophilia after starting clozapine.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p><span>We present a case of a 26-year-old white man diagnosed with schizophrenia with poor clinical response to several antipsychotics owing to which clozapine was started. Psychotic symptoms improved dramatically but a progressively ascendant eosinophilia was reported during serial haematological analyses. The patient remained physically asymptomatic. An exhaustive assessment with ancillary diagnostic tests revealed no cause for eosinophilia. Thus, a diagnosis of clozapine-induced eosinophilia was made. The drug was discontinued and </span>eosinophil count progressively returned to normal but psychotic symptoms worsened.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Clozapine treatment is frequently feared due to its possible side effects and complications, delaying its use in refractory schizophrenia. Also, to our knowledge, there are no specific guidelines on how to manage haematological side effects such as eosinophilia. This is problematic as, in some cases, it may lead to an unnecessary withdrawal of clozapine with a worsening of psychotic symptoms. We present a brief discussion of the recent literature on the subject.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9937652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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