Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.003
Fabian Pavez , Erika Saura , Pedro Marset
Introduction and objectives
The beliefs and opinions of the general population are based substantially on mass media, which often equates mental disorders with violence and criminality. These stigmatising depictions contribute to the development and persistence of negative attitudes towards people with psychiatric conditions. The objective was to examine, through popular music, the subcultural representations of crime and violence in the context of mental disorders, focusing on depictions of victims and offenders.
Methods
Strategy of analysis: Content analysis of Spanish punk lyrics (1981-2010) with references to violent and criminal behaviour associated with mental disorders.
Results
257 Spanish punk bands were identified. The discographies included 7,777 songs, of which 190 were related to aggression, violence, or crime. A predilection for violent crimes and descriptions of the perpetrator as “mentally disturbed” was observed. Although they were present, psychotic symptoms were not the main psychiatric symptoms associated with violent crime, but instead it was substance use, antisocial personality traits and paraphilic behaviour. There was less attention paid to victims than to perpetrators.
Conclusions
The relationships between mental disorders and criminality/violence are overemphasised in the analysed subculture. A positive connotation of social deviance and violent content (particularly serial murder) in service to the provocative nature of this type of music was observed.
{"title":"Subcultural Representations of Perpetrators and Victims of Crime and Violence Associated with Mental Disorders","authors":"Fabian Pavez , Erika Saura , Pedro Marset","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>The beliefs and opinions of the general population are based substantially on mass media, which often equates mental disorders with violence and criminality. These stigmatising depictions contribute to the development and persistence of negative attitudes towards people with psychiatric conditions. The objective was to examine, through popular music, the subcultural representations of crime and violence in the context of mental disorders, focusing on depictions of victims and offenders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Strategy of analysis: Content analysis of Spanish punk lyrics (1981-2010) with references to violent and criminal behaviour associated with mental disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>257 Spanish punk bands were identified. The discographies included 7,777 songs, of which 190 were related to aggression, violence, or crime. A predilection for violent crimes and descriptions of the perpetrator as “mentally disturbed” was observed. Although they were present, psychotic symptoms were not the main psychiatric symptoms associated with violent crime, but instead it was substance use, antisocial personality traits and paraphilic behaviour. There was less attention paid to victims than to perpetrators.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The relationships between mental disorders and criminality/violence are overemphasised in the analysed subculture. A positive connotation of social deviance and violent content (particularly serial murder) in service to the provocative nature of this type of music was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 4","pages":"Pages 458-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.001
Ricardo Ignacio Audiffred-Jaramillo , Javier Eduardo García De Alba-García
Introduction
Schizophrenia is a severe and persistent mental disorder that affects around 21 million people worldwide. The etiology of schizophrenia is currently understood as heterogeneous and multifactorial. Genetic and environmental factors are the most common explanations for the onset of schizophrenia, but along with these, hybridized cultural ideas coexist between medical, superstitious, and religious paradigms. The objective was to identify the relationship between cultural beliefs about schizophrenia, etiology and expressed emotion.
Methods
The present study used a mixed-method design, with an analytical approach for ethnographic research. The sample consisted of 40 people, relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, selected using simple random probabilistic sampling.
Results
A valid cultural consensus was found with statistical significance (p≤.05). Emotional trauma in childhood was identified as the leading cause of schizophrenia, followed by hereditary factors, emotional problems, head trauma, mistreatment, and divine will. The better-informed relatives expressed less emotion than those with less cultural competence (Mann-Whitney's U = 1.000; p < .001).
Conclusions
Mexican families in this study had a high degree of scientific knowledge about the etiology of schizophrenia, but religious ideas and compassionate explanations were part of this hybridized model.
{"title":"Cultural Beliefs About the Etiology of Schizophrenia and Expressed Emotion in Mexican Families","authors":"Ricardo Ignacio Audiffred-Jaramillo , Javier Eduardo García De Alba-García","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Schizophrenia is a severe and persistent mental disorder that affects around 21 million people worldwide. The etiology of schizophrenia is currently understood as heterogeneous and multifactorial. Genetic and environmental factors are the most common explanations for the onset of schizophrenia, but along with these, hybridized cultural ideas coexist between medical, superstitious, and religious paradigms. The objective was to identify the relationship between cultural beliefs about schizophrenia, etiology and expressed emotion.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present study used a mixed-method design, with an analytical approach for ethnographic research. The sample consisted of 40 people, relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, selected using simple random probabilistic sampling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A valid cultural consensus was found with statistical significance (p≤.05). Emotional trauma in childhood was identified as the leading cause of schizophrenia, followed by hereditary factors, emotional problems, head trauma, mistreatment, and divine will. The better-informed relatives expressed less emotion than those with less cultural competence (Mann-Whitney's U<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.000; p<!--> <!--><<!--> <!-->.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mexican families in this study had a high degree of scientific knowledge about the etiology of schizophrenia, but religious ideas and compassionate explanations were part of this hybridized model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 4","pages":"Pages 435-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.06.006
Oscar Ribero , Anne-Marie Castilloux , Lina Maria Agudelo , Gerardo Machnicki , Vanesa Morales , Sergio Perocco , Genaro Castillon , Yola Moride
Introduction
The benefits of long-acting injectable antipsychotics have been documented in several observational studies, but data remain scarce in Latin America. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate once monthly (PP1M) on treatment adherence and relapse in the schizophrenia population followed in a government-funded mental health care facility in Colombia.
Methods
A mirror-image study was conducted. Adult schizophrenia patients treated with oral antipsychotics who subsequently received ≥2 PP1M injections between Jan. 1st, 2015 and Oct. 31st, 2018 were included. The study consisted of two retrospective phases: 12 months before and after the first PP1M injection. Outcomes were treatment adherence (proportion of days covered ≥80%), hospitalized relapse, hospital length of stay, and non-hospitalised relapse. Effect of PP1M on outcomes was assessed through multivariable conditional Poisson regression.
Results
123 patients were eligible (mean age, 30.3 years; 79.7% males). Adherence was 23.6% in the pre-phase and 89.4% in the post-phase (RR = 3.77; 95%CI, 2.75-5.17). The proportion of patients with hospitalised relapse decreased from 46.3% to 35.0% (RR = 0.76; 95%CI, 0.59-0.99). In the 75 (61.0%) patients who continued PP1M throughout post-phase, beneficial effect on hospitalised relapse was stronger (RR = 0.64; 95%CI, 0.42-0.98). The proportion of patients with non-hospitalised relapse symptoms increased from 6.5% to 18.7% (RR = 2.27; 95%CI, 1.11-4.64).
Conclusions
PP1M initiation led to a dramatic improvement in treatment adherence and a decrease in hospitalised relapse. Observed increase in non-hospitalised relapse may be explained by a decrease in severity. Limitations are absence of a parallel comparison group and a generalisability limited to the population treated at this facility. Study provides data for the Latin America region and strength is the assessment of non-hospitalised relapse symptoms.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Paliperidone Palmitate on Treatment Adherence and Relapse in the Adult Schizophrenia Population: A One-Year Mirror-Image Study in a Colombian Mental Health Care Facility","authors":"Oscar Ribero , Anne-Marie Castilloux , Lina Maria Agudelo , Gerardo Machnicki , Vanesa Morales , Sergio Perocco , Genaro Castillon , Yola Moride","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The benefits of long-acting injectable antipsychotics have been documented in several observational studies, but data remain scarce in Latin America. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate once monthly (PP1M) on treatment adherence and relapse in the schizophrenia population followed in a government-funded mental health care facility in Colombia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mirror-image study was conducted. Adult schizophrenia patients treated with oral antipsychotics who subsequently received ≥2 PP1M injections between Jan. 1<sup>st</sup>, 2015 and Oct. 31<sup>st</sup>, 2018 were included. The study consisted of two retrospective phases: 12 months before and after the first PP1M injection. Outcomes were treatment adherence (proportion of days covered ≥80%), hospitalized relapse, hospital length of stay, and non-hospitalised relapse. Effect of PP1M on outcomes was assessed through multivariable conditional Poisson regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>123 patients were eligible (mean age, 30.3 years; 79.7% males). Adherence was 23.6% in the pre-phase and 89.4% in the post-phase (RR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3.77; 95%CI, 2.75-5.17). The proportion of patients with hospitalised relapse decreased from 46.3% to 35.0% (RR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.76; 95%CI, 0.59-0.99). In the 75 (61.0%) patients who continued PP1M throughout post-phase, beneficial effect on hospitalised relapse was stronger (RR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.64; 95%CI, 0.42-0.98). The proportion of patients with non-hospitalised relapse symptoms increased from 6.5% to 18.7% (RR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.27; 95%CI, 1.11-4.64).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PP1M initiation led to a dramatic improvement in treatment adherence and a decrease in hospitalised relapse. Observed increase in non-hospitalised relapse may be explained by a decrease in severity. Limitations are absence of a parallel comparison group and a generalisability limited to the population treated at this facility. Study provides data for the Latin America region and strength is the assessment of non-hospitalised relapse symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 4","pages":"Pages 426-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.006
Jonatan Baños-Chaparro
Introduction
Depression is a frequent psychological problem in the general population. There are no single conclusive causes for its development; on the contrary, it arises from the interaction of other emotional disorders. Determining risk factors is a primary objective to identify vulnerable individuals and optimize prevention.
Objective
To analyze risk factors of the depression through network analysis in Peruvian adults from the general population.
Methods
Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. A total of 567 Peruvian adults who answered several instruments assessing depressive symptoms, insomnia, suicidal ideation and anxiety participated. An undirected network model with all psychological variables and a predictive path diagram was estimated to identify risk factors for depression. Measures of centrality, precision and stability were also analyzed. Results: The network structure showed that depression, insomnia, suicidal ideation, and anxiety were mutually associated. In terms of expected influence and predictability, depression obtained the highest value, followed by anxiety. In the prediction plot, all psychological variables were directly connected with depression, with anxiety having the highest connection. The tests of accuracy and stability (CS = 0,75), were robust.
Conclusions
The results of the study suggest that problems with insomnia, suicidal ideation, and anxiety, are considerable risk factors for depression. Identifying and intervening early on those risk factors in adults in the general population could help to prevent the development of depressive symptoms.
{"title":"Exploring risk factors for depression: a network analysis","authors":"Jonatan Baños-Chaparro","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Depression is a frequent psychological problem in the general population. There are no single conclusive causes for its development; on the contrary, it arises from the interaction of other emotional disorders. Determining risk factors is a primary objective to identify vulnerable individuals and optimize prevention.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze risk factors of the depression through network analysis in Peruvian adults from the general population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. A total of 567 Peruvian adults who answered several instruments assessing depressive symptoms, insomnia, suicidal ideation and anxiety participated. An undirected network model with all psychological variables and a predictive path diagram was estimated to identify risk factors for depression. Measures of centrality, precision and stability were also analyzed. Results: The network structure showed that depression, insomnia, suicidal ideation, and anxiety were mutually associated. In terms of expected influence and predictability, depression obtained the highest value, followed by anxiety. In the prediction plot, all psychological variables were directly connected with depression, with anxiety having the highest connection. The tests of accuracy and stability (CS = 0,75), were robust.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of the study suggest that problems with insomnia, suicidal ideation, and anxiety, are considerable risk factors for depression. Identifying and intervening early on those risk factors in adults in the general population could help to prevent the development of depressive symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 347-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.002
Natalia Piedrahíta Palacio , Jenny García Valencia , Cristian David Vargas Upegüi , Carlos López Jaramillo
Introduction and objectives
Bipolar disorder (BD) has been related to various cognitive dysfunctions as well as to a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), which seems to influence the cognitive performance of patients with BD. Therefore, different hypotheses have been generated to try to explain the pathophysiological relationship between cognitive deficit in BD and MS. The objective was to review the current literature regarding the possible pathophysiological explanation of the relationship between BD and MS and its effect on cognitive performance of patients with BD.
Methods
A bibliographic search was carried out using MEDLINE, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud [Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences] (LILACS), APA PsycNet, Scopus and Scielo databases, and the Pan-American Medical Electronic Library; using the following search terms: “bipolar disorder”[MeSH Terms] OR “bipolar disorder”[All Fields] OR “mood disorders”[All Fields] AND “cognitive deficit”[MeSH Terms] OR “cognitive deficit”[All Fields] OR “cognitive dysfunction”[All Fields] OR “cognitive impairment”[All Fields] OR “cognitive decline”[All Fields] AND “metabolic syndrome” [MeSH Terms] OR “metabolic abnormalities”[All Fields] OR “metabolic effects”[All Fields] OR “obesity” [All Fields] OR “abdominal obesity” [All Fields] OR “overweight” [All Fields] OR “diabetes” [All Fields] OR “hypertension” [All Fields] AND “antipsychotics” [MeSH Terms] OR “antipsychotics”[All Fields] AND “antidepressants” [MeSH Terms] OR “antidepressants”[All Fields] AND “mood stabilizers” [MeSH Terms] OR “mood stabilizers”[All Fields]. Filters: free full text, full text, from 2001 to 2022. A total of 80 articles in Spanish and English, of any type of design, were selected. Selection and reading were carried out by all the authors.
Results and conclusions
The various pathophysiological hypotheses proposed, inflammatory, endocrine, drug, environmental and social, suggest that a series of changes at the macro and microcellular level are correlated in patients with BD and MS with a negative effect on cognition of patients both globally and in specific domains, mainly executive function, memory, attention, and perceptual motor skills. Research processes should be continued to explore the various hypotheses that support the relationship between BD, MS and cognition.
引言和目的：躁郁症（BD）与各种认知功能障碍以及代谢综合征（MS）的高发病率有关，而代谢综合征似乎会影响躁郁症患者的认知表现。因此，人们提出了不同的假设，试图解释 BD 认知缺陷与 MS 之间的病理生理学关系。本研究的目的是综述有关 BD 与 MS 之间关系的可能病理生理学解释及其对 BD 患者认知能力影响的现有文献：使用 MEDLINE、ClinicalKey、EMBASE、Literatura Latino-Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud [Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences] (LILACS)、APA PsycNet、Scopus 和 Scielo 数据库以及泛美医学电子图书馆进行了文献检索，并使用了以下检索词："双相情感障碍"[MeSH 术语] 或 "双相情感障碍"[所有字段] 或 "情绪障碍"[所有字段] 和 "认知缺陷"[MeSH 术语] 或 "认知缺陷"[所有字段] 或 "认知功能障碍"[所有字段] 或 "认知损害"[所有字段] 或 "认知衰退"[所有字段] 和 "代谢综合征"[MeSH 术语] 或 "代谢异常"[所有字段] 或 "代谢影响"[所有字段] 或 "肥胖"[所有字段] 或 "腹型肥胖"[所有字段] 或 "超重"[所有字段] 或 "糖尿病"[所有字段] 或 "高血压"[所有字段] 和 "抗精神病药"[MeSH 术语] 或 "抗精神病药"[所有字段] 和 "抗抑郁药"[MeSH 术语] 或 "抗抑郁药"[所有字段] 和 "情绪稳定剂"[MeSH 术语] 或 "情绪稳定剂"[所有字段]。筛选条件：免费全文、全文、2001 年至 2022 年。共选取了 80 篇西班牙文和英文文章，设计类型不限。筛选和阅读工作由所有作者共同完成：提出的各种病理生理学假说（炎症、内分泌、药物、环境和社会）表明，BD 和多发性硬化症患者在宏观和微观细胞水平上的一系列变化与患者在整体和特定领域（主要是执行功能、记忆、注意力和感知运动技能）的认知能力受到负面影响有关。应继续开展研究，探索支持 BD、多发性硬化症和认知之间关系的各种假设。
{"title":"Pathophysiological relationships between cognitive deficit in bipolar affective disorder and metabolic syndrome","authors":"Natalia Piedrahíta Palacio , Jenny García Valencia , Cristian David Vargas Upegüi , Carlos López Jaramillo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>Bipolar disorder (BD) has been related to various cognitive dysfunctions as well as to a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), which seems to influence the cognitive performance of patients with BD. Therefore, different hypotheses have been generated to try to explain the pathophysiological relationship between cognitive deficit in BD and MS. The objective was to review the current literature regarding the possible pathophysiological explanation of the relationship between BD and MS and its effect on cognitive performance of patients with BD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A bibliographic search was carried out using MEDLINE, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud [Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences] (LILACS), APA PsycNet, Scopus and Scielo databases, and the Pan-American Medical Electronic Library; using the following search terms: “bipolar disorder”[MeSH Terms] OR “bipolar disorder”[All Fields] OR “mood disorders”[All Fields] AND “cognitive deficit”[MeSH Terms] OR “cognitive deficit”[All Fields] OR “cognitive dysfunction”[All Fields] OR “cognitive impairment”[All Fields] OR “cognitive decline”[All Fields] AND “metabolic syndrome” [MeSH Terms] OR “metabolic abnormalities”[All Fields] OR “metabolic effects”[All Fields] OR “obesity” [All Fields] OR “abdominal obesity” [All Fields] OR “overweight” [All Fields] OR “diabetes” [All Fields] OR “hypertension” [All Fields] AND “antipsychotics” [MeSH Terms] OR “antipsychotics”[All Fields] AND “antidepressants” [MeSH Terms] OR “antidepressants”[All Fields] AND “mood stabilizers” [MeSH Terms] OR “mood stabilizers”[All Fields]. Filters: free full text, full text, from 2001 to 2022. A total of 80 articles in Spanish and English, of any type of design, were selected. Selection and reading were carried out by all the authors.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>The various pathophysiological hypotheses proposed, inflammatory, endocrine, drug, environmental and social, suggest that a series of changes at the macro and microcellular level are correlated in patients with BD and MS with a negative effect on cognition of patients both globally and in specific domains, mainly executive function, memory, attention, and perceptual motor skills. Research processes should be continued to explore the various hypotheses that support the relationship between BD, MS and cognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 376-384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.01.002
Joaquín O. Ruiz-Villa , Sergio A. Ochoa-Orozco , Andrés Gaviria-Mendoza , Juan D. Castrillón-Spitia , Luis F. Echeverri-Cataño , Jorge E. Machado-Alba
Objective
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in a Colombian HCW sample during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out by means of an online survey (May–June 2020). Respondents were HCWs in Colombia reached by a nonprobability sample. Zung's self-rating anxiety scale allowed the estimation of prevalence and classification of anxiety symptoms.
Results
A total of 568 HCWs answered the questionnaire, 66.0% were women, the mean age was 38.6 ± 11.4 years. 28.9% presented with anxiety symptoms, of whom 9.2% were moderate–severe. Characteristics such as living with relatives at higher risk of mortality from COVID-19 infection (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.308–2.762), female sex (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.422–3.277), and personal history of psychiatric illness (OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 2.08–5.57) were associated with higher levels of anxiety. Access to sufficient personal protective equipment (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.318–0.903) and age >40 years (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.358–0.789) were associated with lower anxiety levels.
Conclusions
Anxious symptoms are common in the population of HCWs faced with patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Different strategies are required to intervene with subgroups at risk of developing higher levels of anxiety during the pandemic.
{"title":"Prevalence of Anxiety Symptoms Among Health Care Workers in Colombia During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Joaquín O. Ruiz-Villa , Sergio A. Ochoa-Orozco , Andrés Gaviria-Mendoza , Juan D. Castrillón-Spitia , Luis F. Echeverri-Cataño , Jorge E. Machado-Alba","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in a Colombian HCW sample during the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was carried out by means of an online survey (May–June 2020). Respondents were HCWs in Colombia reached by a nonprobability sample. Zung's self-rating anxiety scale allowed the estimation of prevalence and classification of anxiety symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 568 HCWs answered the questionnaire, 66.0% were women, the mean age was 38.6<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->11.4 years. 28.9% presented with anxiety symptoms, of whom 9.2% were moderate–severe. Characteristics such as living with relatives at higher risk of mortality from COVID-19 infection (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.308–2.762), female sex (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.422–3.277), and personal history of psychiatric illness (OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 2.08–5.57) were associated with higher levels of anxiety. Access to sufficient personal protective equipment (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.318–0.903) and age >40 years (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.358–0.789) were associated with lower anxiety levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Anxious symptoms are common in the population of HCWs faced with patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Different strategies are required to intervene with subgroups at risk of developing higher levels of anxiety during the pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 302-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.004
Josep Deví-Bastida , Meritxell Xifré-Passols , Lina María Oviedo-Penuela , M. Teresa Abellán-Vidal , M. Dolores López-Villegas
Introduction
Alcohol is the most consumed substance in Western culture and its use is a causal factor in more than 200 diseases and disorders. Our objective was to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment in people aged ≥60, and identify which cognitive functions are most affected by prolonged alcohol consumption.
Methods
Search in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Psicodoc, Cochrane and Web of Science databases. The search was limited to articles published from 2010 to 2020. A total of 8716 articles were obtained. Those repeated and unrelated to the topic were eliminated, leaving a total of seven articles: five longitudinal studies, covering the relationship between alcohol and cognitive impairment; and two cross-sectional studies, which helped identify which cognitive functions are more affected. This systematic review was carried out in accordance with the criteria of the PRISMA statement.
Results
Most of the studies found conclude that no or excessive alcohol consumption is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, compared to moderate consumption. In addition, excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption can evolve into secondary alcoholic dementia such as Marchiafava–Bignami disease, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome or pellagra. In people with alcohol use disorder, the cognitive functions that are most affected are executive functions, visuospatial skills, attention and memory.
{"title":"Relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment in the adult population over 60 years of age: A systematic review","authors":"Josep Deví-Bastida , Meritxell Xifré-Passols , Lina María Oviedo-Penuela , M. Teresa Abellán-Vidal , M. Dolores López-Villegas","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Alcohol is the most consumed substance in Western culture and its use is a causal factor in more than 200 diseases and disorders. Our objective was to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment in people aged ≥60, and identify which cognitive functions are most affected by prolonged alcohol consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Search in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Psicodoc, Cochrane and Web of Science databases. The search was limited to articles published from 2010 to 2020. A total of 8716 articles were obtained. Those repeated and unrelated to the topic were eliminated, leaving a total of seven articles: five longitudinal studies, covering the relationship between alcohol and cognitive impairment; and two cross-sectional studies, which helped identify which cognitive functions are more affected. This systematic review was carried out in accordance with the criteria of the PRISMA statement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most of the studies found conclude that no or excessive alcohol consumption is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, compared to moderate consumption. In addition, excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption can evolve into secondary alcoholic dementia such as Marchiafava–Bignami disease, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome or pellagra. In people with alcohol use disorder, the cognitive functions that are most affected are executive functions, visuospatial skills, attention and memory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 385-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.005
Habib Georges Moutran Barroso
Introduction
Dementias constitute a group of diseases that notoriously affect people who suffer from them, especially in terms of their independence and decision-making, leading the caregiver to assume or make various decisions about the patient. However, in the past this was explained by the fact that there was a theoretical and narrative insufficiency around patients with dementia, which led us to ignore that they still conserved their decision-making capacity as well as their autonomy.
Objective
This text proposes to defend the existence of autonomy in these patients and a way about how we can take care of it and preserve it in the medical field, through an ethical position based on the care and recognition of vulnerability.
Methodology
An approach focused on the ethics of care and vulnerability by Ronald Dworkin, Emmanuel Levinas and Corine Pelluchon focused on the person with dementia. I introduced a scale that allows assessing autonomy and decision-making in people with dementia.
Results and discussion
To guarantee the dignity of the person with dementia, it is necessary to understand how they are autonomous, in terms of self-governance and seeking to reduce asymmetries in relationships. In addition, always include caregivers and family members in decision-making.
Conclusions
People with dementia are autonomous in an individual or personal sense and deserve respect; Although they are in a state of vulnerability, there are different mechanisms focused on their care.
{"title":"Dilemmas and ethics of care: conserving and caring for the autonomy of the person with dementia","authors":"Habib Georges Moutran Barroso","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dementias constitute a group of diseases that notoriously affect people who suffer from them, especially in terms of their independence and decision-making, leading the caregiver to assume or make various decisions about the patient. However, in the past this was explained by the fact that there was a theoretical and narrative insufficiency around patients with dementia, which led us to ignore that they still conserved their decision-making capacity as well as their autonomy.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This text proposes to defend the existence of autonomy in these patients and a way about how we can take care of it and preserve it in the medical field, through an ethical position based on the care and recognition of vulnerability.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>An approach focused on the ethics of care and vulnerability by Ronald Dworkin, Emmanuel Levinas and Corine Pelluchon focused on the person with dementia. I introduced a scale that allows assessing autonomy and decision-making in people with dementia.</div></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><div>To guarantee the dignity of the person with dementia, it is necessary to understand how they are autonomous, in terms of self-governance and seeking to reduce asymmetries in relationships. In addition, always include caregivers and family members in decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>People with dementia are autonomous in an individual or personal sense and deserve respect; Although they are in a state of vulnerability, there are different mechanisms focused on their care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 295-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.05.001
Mauricio Castaño Ramírez , Rocío Lemos Buitrago , Juan Carlos Castro Navarro , Adonilso Julio de La Rosa , Alexandra Valderrama Sánchez , Felipe Agúdelo Hernández
Patients with bipolar disorder type I (BP-I) often present with impairments in cognitive function. Offspring unaffected by the disorder can also present with cognitive dysfunction. The objective of this study was to compare the cognitive function of BP-I patients, their unaffected offspring (UO) and healthy control subjects (HC).
Methods
Verbal memory, working memory index, processing speed, attention, verbal and phonological fluency and executive function were evaluated through the application of a neuropsychological battery to three groups made up of BP-I patients that attended the Bipolar Disorder Outpatient Clinic of Clínica San Juan de Dios de Manizales [San Juan de Dios de Manizales Clinic] (n = 30), UO (n = 32) and control group (n = 31). The UO group and the control group were matched by gender, age and level of education.
Results
Major differences between the three groups were found in the measures of cognitive functions (except in semantic fluency). The HC group showed better cognitive performance in all the functions. Post-hoc analysis showed similar results in the cognitive performance between BP-I and UO except in verbal learning and executive function tasks where the results were better in UO. A better performance in the control group was found, compared to the UO group, in executive function, attention, working memory, and semantic fluency and phonological areas.
Conclusions
These results indicate that the offspring of patients with BP-I present with cognitive impairments without suffering from the disorder. This suggests that cognitive dysfunction presents without diagnosis and supports the hypothesis that it can correspond to a BP-I endophenotype.
躁郁症 I 型（BP-I）患者通常会出现认知功能障碍。未受躁狂症影响的后代也可能出现认知功能障碍。本研究旨在比较 I 型双相情感障碍患者及其未受影响的后代（UO）和健康对照组（HC）的认知功能：方法：在马尼萨莱斯圣胡安-德迪奥斯诊所（Clínica San Juan de Dios de Manizales Clinic）躁郁症门诊就诊的躁郁症Ⅰ型患者（30 人）、躁郁症患者后代（32 人）和对照组（31 人）组成的三个小组中，通过应用神经心理学电池对言语记忆、工作记忆指数、处理速度、注意力、言语和语音流畅性以及执行功能进行了评估。UO 组和对照组在性别、年龄和教育水平方面匹配：结果：三组患者在认知功能（语义流畅性除外）方面存在较大差异。HC 组在所有功能上的认知表现都更好。事后分析表明，BP-I 组和 UO 组的认知表现结果相似，但在言语学习和执行功能任务中，UO 组的结果更好。与 UO 组相比，对照组在执行功能、注意力、工作记忆、语义流畅性和语音方面的表现更好：这些结果表明，BP-Ⅰ 患者的后代存在认知障碍，但并没有患上该疾病。结论：这些结果表明，BP-I 患者的后代会出现认知功能障碍，但并没有患上该疾病。这表明，认知功能障碍是在没有确诊的情况下出现的，并支持其可能与 BP-I 内表型相对应的假设。
{"title":"Assessment of Cognitive Performance in Bipolar Disorder Type I Patients and Their Unaffected Offspring","authors":"Mauricio Castaño Ramírez , Rocío Lemos Buitrago , Juan Carlos Castro Navarro , Adonilso Julio de La Rosa , Alexandra Valderrama Sánchez , Felipe Agúdelo Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients with bipolar disorder type I (BP-I) often present with impairments in cognitive function. Offspring unaffected by the disorder can also present with cognitive dysfunction. The objective of this study was to compare the cognitive function of BP-I patients, their unaffected offspring (UO) and healthy control subjects (HC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Verbal memory, working memory index, processing speed, attention, verbal and phonological fluency and executive function were evaluated through the application of a neuropsychological battery to three groups made up of BP-I patients that attended the Bipolar Disorder Outpatient Clinic of Clínica San Juan de Dios de Manizales [San Juan de Dios de Manizales Clinic] (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->30), UO (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->32) and control group (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->31). The UO group and the control group were matched by gender, age and level of education.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Major differences between the three groups were found in the measures of cognitive functions (except in semantic fluency). The HC group showed better cognitive performance in all the functions. Post-hoc analysis showed similar results in the cognitive performance between BP-I and UO except in verbal learning and executive function tasks where the results were better in UO. A better performance in the control group was found, compared to the UO group, in executive function, attention, working memory, and semantic fluency and phonological areas.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results indicate that the offspring of patients with BP-I present with cognitive impairments without suffering from the disorder. This suggests that cognitive dysfunction presents without diagnosis and supports the hypothesis that it can correspond to a BP-I endophenotype.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 271-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Do we form mental models which bear an analogical relation to the real world like those of a photograph? Has the language of thought an analogue nature (it makes use of mental imagery) or whether it is exclusively of digital nature like language?
Objectives
The basic aim of the present study is to contribute to the ongoing work on mental imagery by extending the research to an unexplored area that of mental partitioning.
Methods
The present research sample consisted of 498 participants (234 males and 264 females). We used the SPSS software package in order to analyze our data.
Results
According to our results, we detected significant peculiarities in the cognitive performance of the participants in the tasks of mental partitioning of the Moebius strip, indicating certain limitations inherent in human thinking.
Conclusions
The position we are led to adopt is closer to that of Pylyshyn (2003), who maintained that visual mental imagery depends on abstract form of thought and on previous knowledge. Specifically, it rests on previous abstract propositional thought and knowledge rather than on concrete perceptual processes like the ones proposed by Kosslyn and Sheppard. The present work investigates a potentially valuable theoretical basis in imagery research for understanding maladaptive imagery across various related clinical disorders, while encouraging multidisciplinary approaches among cognitive psychological/neuroscientific and clinical domains.
{"title":"Mental Imagery: Investigating the Limits of Mental Partitioning","authors":"Antonios Theofilidis , Maria-Valeria Karakasi , Filippos Kargopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Do we form mental models which bear an analogical relation to the real world like those of a photograph? Has the language of thought an analogue nature (it makes use of mental imagery) or whether it is exclusively of digital nature like language?</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The basic aim of the present study is to contribute to the ongoing work on mental imagery by extending the research to an unexplored area that of mental partitioning.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present research sample consisted of 498 participants (234 males and 264 females). We used the SPSS software package in order to analyze our data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>According to our results, we detected significant peculiarities in the cognitive performance of the participants in the tasks of mental partitioning of the Moebius strip, indicating certain limitations inherent in human thinking.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The position we are led to adopt is closer to that of Pylyshyn (2003), who maintained that visual mental imagery depends on abstract form of thought and on previous knowledge. Specifically, it rests on previous abstract propositional thought and knowledge rather than on concrete perceptual processes like the ones proposed by Kosslyn and Sheppard. The present work investigates a potentially valuable theoretical basis in imagery research for understanding maladaptive imagery across various related clinical disorders, while encouraging multidisciplinary approaches among cognitive psychological/neuroscientific and clinical domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 219-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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