The mixing technique was applied in this study to enhance the strength performance of the cement. The addition of 3% by weight of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles were mixed with 97% polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic polymer, which has a nano size to serve as the matrix material. The surface roughness and continuous porosity of the bone cement were found to be slightly increased by the incorporation of nanoparticles, which enhanced bone-implant osseointegration and ingrowth. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that the addition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles resulted in a surface roughness value (Sa) of 16.25 nm, which is similar to that of natural bone. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping results discover precentor material and uniform distribution. The Sample exhibited promising results in the antibacterial test, showing efficacy against bacteria both with and without sterilization, confirming its antibacterial properties. The mechanical tests conducted on the sample, including tensile, compression, bending and Vickers hardness tests, yielded favorable results and indicated that the sample is suitable for its intended application. In the theoretical works the design of the bone, screw, and bone plate was conducted using SolidWorks, followed by an analysis using ANSYS under both axial and bending load conditions. The theoretical analysis revealed that the safety factor was less than 1 when an axial load of 13 N was applied and a bending load of 2 N was applied, indicating that the structure may not be able to withstand these loads safely. Under both ambient and physiologically relevant conditions in the human body, HA and PMMA have demonstrated to be excellent choices for enhancing the clinical performance of bone cement. This, in turn, can lead to increased longevity of implants, decreased patient risk, and lower healthcare costs
本研究采用混合技术来提高水泥的强度性能。将重量占 3% 的羟基磷灰石（HA）纳米颗粒与 97% 的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）丙烯酸聚合物混合，后者具有纳米尺寸，可作为基质材料。研究发现，纳米颗粒的加入使骨水泥的表面粗糙度和连续孔隙率略有增加，从而增强了骨与种植体的骨结合和骨生长。原子力显微镜（AFM）分析表明，添加羟基磷灰石（HAp）纳米粒子后，表面粗糙度值（Sa）为 16.25 nm，与天然骨相似。能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDS）制图结果发现了前驱体材料和均匀分布。该样品在抗菌测试中表现出良好的抗菌效果，在消毒和不消毒的情况下都能有效抵抗细菌，证实了其抗菌特性。对样品进行的机械测试（包括拉伸、压缩、弯曲和维氏硬度测试）结果良好，表明样品适合其预期应用。 在理论研究中，使用 SolidWorks 对骨、螺钉和骨板进行了设计，然后使用 ANSYS 在轴向和弯曲载荷条件下进行了分析。理论分析表明，当施加 13 N 的轴向载荷和 2 N 的弯曲载荷时，安全系数小于 1，这表明该结构可能无法安全承受这些载荷。在人体环境和生理相关条件下，HA 和 PMMA 都被证明是提高骨水泥临床性能的绝佳选择。这反过来又能延长植入物的寿命、降低患者风险和医疗成本。
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Composite Biomaterial Bone Graft Plate","authors":"Dunia Abdulsahib Hamdi, Fatima Mowafaq Khider","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040278","url":null,"abstract":"The mixing technique was applied in this study to enhance the strength performance of the cement. The addition of 3% by weight of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles were mixed with 97% polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic polymer, which has a nano size to serve as the matrix material. The surface roughness and continuous porosity of the bone cement were found to be slightly increased by the incorporation of nanoparticles, which enhanced bone-implant osseointegration and ingrowth. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that the addition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles resulted in a surface roughness value (Sa) of 16.25 nm, which is similar to that of natural bone. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping results discover precentor material and uniform distribution. The Sample exhibited promising results in the antibacterial test, showing efficacy against bacteria both with and without sterilization, confirming its antibacterial properties. The mechanical tests conducted on the sample, including tensile, compression, bending and Vickers hardness tests, yielded favorable results and indicated that the sample is suitable for its intended application. In the theoretical works the design of the bone, screw, and bone plate was conducted using SolidWorks, followed by an analysis using ANSYS under both axial and bending load conditions. The theoretical analysis revealed that the safety factor was less than 1 when an axial load of 13 N was applied and a bending load of 2 N was applied, indicating that the structure may not be able to withstand these loads safely. Under both ambient and physiologically relevant conditions in the human body, HA and PMMA have demonstrated to be excellent choices for enhancing the clinical performance of bone cement. This, in turn, can lead to increased longevity of implants, decreased patient risk, and lower healthcare costs","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141035856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biodegradable polymers are very useful polymers in biomedical applications. In this research, several hydrogels were fabricated by using two polymers, Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Chitosan (Chs) by the solvent casting method in order to use them for skin applications. Several tests were carried out on these membranes such as Agar diffusion method to examine their antimicrobial activities, Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR) test to study the differences in their chemical structures. Uniaxial tensile test was performed to examine the mechanical characteristics of these membranes. In addition, the wettability test was used to investigate the hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of the surfaces. The results showed that all membranes are hydrophilic, of which the contact angles are less than 90°. The membrane manufactured from 75:25 Chs-PVA is more hydrophobic (contact angle is 74°) than other membranes made of 50:50 Chs-PVA and 25:75 Chs-PVA as the contact angles were 59° and 61°, respectively. The tensile test results indicate that the membrane fabricated of the PVA and the membrane that was fabricated by 75% Chs and 25% PVA has the highest tensile strength of 17.9 MPa, 16.2 MPa and Young^’ s Modulus of 181.2 MPa and 7.18 MPa, respectively. The highest strain at break was observed by the membrane of 25:75 Chs-PVA which equals to 24.67%. Chitosan membranes showed inhibition zones of about 2.99 cm and 2.75 cm in length, and 75:25 Chs-PVA membranes showed 5.1 and 5.91 cm in length for E.coli. To sum up, this copolymer is considered as promising hydrogel for skin applications such as wound dressing.
{"title":"Fabrication of Antimicrobial Hydrogel Using Biodegradable Blended Materials for Skin Applications","authors":"Lina Abdallah, Alaa Ayyed","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040292","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradable polymers are very useful polymers in biomedical applications. In this research, several hydrogels were fabricated by using two polymers, Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Chitosan (Chs) by the solvent casting method in order to use them for skin applications. Several tests were carried out on these membranes such as Agar diffusion method to examine their antimicrobial activities, Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR) test to study the differences in their chemical structures. Uniaxial tensile test was performed to examine the mechanical characteristics of these membranes. In addition, the wettability test was used to investigate the hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of the surfaces. The results showed that all membranes are hydrophilic, of which the contact angles are less than 90°. The membrane manufactured from 75:25 Chs-PVA is more hydrophobic (contact angle is 74°) than other membranes made of 50:50 Chs-PVA and 25:75 Chs-PVA as the contact angles were 59° and 61°, respectively. The tensile test results indicate that the membrane fabricated of the PVA and the membrane that was fabricated by 75% Chs and 25% PVA has the highest tensile strength of 17.9 MPa, 16.2 MPa and Young^’ s Modulus of 181.2 MPa and 7.18 MPa, respectively. The highest strain at break was observed by the membrane of 25:75 Chs-PVA which equals to 24.67%. Chitosan membranes showed inhibition zones of about 2.99 cm and 2.75 cm in length, and 75:25 Chs-PVA membranes showed 5.1 and 5.91 cm in length for E.coli. To sum up, this copolymer is considered as promising hydrogel for skin applications such as wound dressing.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"133 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141028665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ola M. Abdulwaheed, Basim O. Hasan, Sahir M. Al-Zuraiji
The presence of heavy metal pollutants in refinery effluent significantly impacts the corrosion rate of carbon steel. The focus of this research is to analyze the impact of various inorganic pollutants, including copper, vanadium, nickel, and chromium ions, on the corrosion of carbon steel across different solutions. After conducting a thorough examination of various operating conditions, including pollutant concentration (ranging from 300-3000 ppm), temperature (30-60? C), and flow velocity (0-800 rpm). Our research shows that copper ions have the highest corrosion rate, with vanadium ions being a close second. Conversely, nickel and chromium had the most negligible impact on corrosion rate and, in some instances, even exhibited corrosion inhibition effects. It was also observed that an increase in flow velocity and temperature significantly amplified the corrosion rate of the metal ions investigated.
{"title":"The effect of different heavy metals pollutants in refinery effluent on corrosion rate of carbon steel","authors":"Ola M. Abdulwaheed, Basim O. Hasan, Sahir M. Al-Zuraiji","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040320","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of heavy metal pollutants in refinery effluent significantly impacts the corrosion rate of carbon steel. The focus of this research is to analyze the impact of various inorganic pollutants, including copper, vanadium, nickel, and chromium ions, on the corrosion of carbon steel across different solutions. After conducting a thorough examination of various operating conditions, including pollutant concentration (ranging from 300-3000 ppm), temperature (30-60? C), and flow velocity (0-800 rpm). Our research shows that copper ions have the highest corrosion rate, with vanadium ions being a close second. Conversely, nickel and chromium had the most negligible impact on corrosion rate and, in some instances, even exhibited corrosion inhibition effects. It was also observed that an increase in flow velocity and temperature significantly amplified the corrosion rate of the metal ions investigated.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"69 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141035328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three decades of empirical research have proven that well-being in humans is stimulated by designs that link people to natural elements and landscapes. Environmental psychology research also revealed that these characteristics can lower stress and anxiety while having a positive impact on human productivity. therefore, there were more recent interest from theorists and architects to discover approaches to re-connect the constructed environment with the natural components. One of the most current theories of re-communication and its use in architecture is called "biophilia.". Therefore, the research problem is the lack of knowledge of biophilic architecture and what are the most prominent features affecting the user. the research aims to shed light on the basics of this design theory as well as testing its design patters in the educational environment to find out which attributes are most effective for users in improving productivity and well-being By adopting the quantitative descriptive approach and based on a questionnaire for the purpose of adopting it in design and to aid in the practical application of the Biophilia idea by designers and architects. The research concluded that there are design features that are more important than others for educational buildings, such as (day light, water, air, plants, landscapes, mobility, integrating the parts to create the whole).
{"title":"The Attributes of Biophilic Design (Educational Buildings Case Study)","authors":"Hiyam Siham","doi":"10.29194/njes.26030167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26030167","url":null,"abstract":"Three decades of empirical research have proven that well-being in humans is stimulated by designs that link people to natural elements and landscapes. Environmental psychology research also revealed that these characteristics can lower stress and anxiety while having a positive impact on human productivity. therefore, there were more recent interest from theorists and architects to discover approaches to re-connect the constructed environment with the natural components. One of the most current theories of re-communication and its use in architecture is called \"biophilia.\". Therefore, the research problem is the lack of knowledge of biophilic architecture and what are the most prominent features affecting the user. the research aims to shed light on the basics of this design theory as well as testing its design patters in the educational environment to find out which attributes are most effective for users in improving productivity and well-being By adopting the quantitative descriptive approach and based on a questionnaire for the purpose of adopting it in design and to aid in the practical application of the Biophilia idea by designers and architects. The research concluded that there are design features that are more important than others for educational buildings, such as (day light, water, air, plants, landscapes, mobility, integrating the parts to create the whole).","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"116 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135810224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to develop and validate a smart PMS. The PMS will create a foundation for PMSs that will be used by organizations in the digital era. A three-step methodology was used in the current research. First, the archival literature analysis was used to identify the features and elements of the robust PMSs. Second, a generic PMS was constructed based on the results of the first step. Third, the generic PMS was amended, implemented in the workshop, and validated by discussing the results with a focus group of experts. The academic and technical contribution can be seen in proposing a generic Virtual Organizational Deoxyribonucleic Acid (V-DNA) concept and smart PMS (Performance Management Dashboard (PMD) and Decision-Making Tool (DMT)) based on the features and elements of the robust PMSs. The generic V-DNA and PMS were amended and implemented in the stated workshop. Then, the validation process was done by presenting the implementation results to a focus group of academic experts and taking their feedback. Applying the PMD and the DMT to monitor, analyze, and manage workshop performance was successful. The PMD proved a useful tool that can provide a holistic view of the workshop performance areas instead of focusing on isolated business aspects such as workshop productivity or efficiency. The decision-makers directly identified the low-performing and highly performing KPIs/processes/sub-processes and identified the root causes of low and high performance. The DMT proved a useful tool. The decision-makers could evaluate all sub-processes and rank them based on the values and weights of the decision-making criteria, highlighting the areas that need improvement. The originality and novelty of the proposed PMS and the V-DNA were proved through a systematic literature review process. The implications of the research can be seen in the possibility of testing the generic V-DNA and the PMS templates in organizations of different sizes and sectors to check their applicability. Moreover, other layers of the organizational V-DNA can be proposed. The current research assists the practitioners and managers in constructing the PMSs they need for their workshops/factories/companies.
{"title":"Proposing a Smart Performance Management System for Production Workshop Based on Virtual Organizational Deoxyribonucleic Acid Concept","authors":"Alaa Ubaid, Fikri Dweiri","doi":"10.29194/njes.26030244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26030244","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to develop and validate a smart PMS. The PMS will create a foundation for PMSs that will be used by organizations in the digital era. A three-step methodology was used in the current research. First, the archival literature analysis was used to identify the features and elements of the robust PMSs. Second, a generic PMS was constructed based on the results of the first step. Third, the generic PMS was amended, implemented in the workshop, and validated by discussing the results with a focus group of experts. The academic and technical contribution can be seen in proposing a generic Virtual Organizational Deoxyribonucleic Acid (V-DNA) concept and smart PMS (Performance Management Dashboard (PMD) and Decision-Making Tool (DMT)) based on the features and elements of the robust PMSs. The generic V-DNA and PMS were amended and implemented in the stated workshop. Then, the validation process was done by presenting the implementation results to a focus group of academic experts and taking their feedback. Applying the PMD and the DMT to monitor, analyze, and manage workshop performance was successful. The PMD proved a useful tool that can provide a holistic view of the workshop performance areas instead of focusing on isolated business aspects such as workshop productivity or efficiency. The decision-makers directly identified the low-performing and highly performing KPIs/processes/sub-processes and identified the root causes of low and high performance. The DMT proved a useful tool. The decision-makers could evaluate all sub-processes and rank them based on the values and weights of the decision-making criteria, highlighting the areas that need improvement. The originality and novelty of the proposed PMS and the V-DNA were proved through a systematic literature review process. The implications of the research can be seen in the possibility of testing the generic V-DNA and the PMS templates in organizations of different sizes and sectors to check their applicability. Moreover, other layers of the organizational V-DNA can be proposed. The current research assists the practitioners and managers in constructing the PMSs they need for their workshops/factories/companies.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"115 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135810405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Additionally, it has been demonstrated that osseointegrated implantation offers superior proprioception and control over the prosthesis, enabling more natural movement and improved functional results. Additionally, it lowers the chance of falling and increases energy transfer efficiency, making it simpler for amputees to engage in physical activity. Furthermore, as compared to conventional socket prosthesis attachment, osseointegrated implantation has been linked to higher patient satisfaction and quality of life.
It is crucial to remember that osseointegration is a surgical operation with risks including infection and implant failure. Additionally, for effective implantation, it needs a specific amount and quality of bone, which may restrict its usage in some individuals. Furthermore, osseointegrated implantation could be more expensive than conventional socket prosthetics.
Understanding the efficacy and safety of this method requires research on complication rates and outcome metrics in patients having osseointegrated prosthesis implantation. You may acquire information on things like infection rates, implant failure, patient satisfaction, and functional results by studying original research papers. Clinical decision-making can then be improved with the use of this information.
In transfemoral amputees, osseointegration has showed promise as a powerful substitute for socket prostheses. A growing corpus of research has shown that osseointegrated implantation provides advantages in terms of increasing mobility, decreasing discomfort, and improving general quality of life. The efficiency of osseointegration for transtibial and upper extremity implants has received little attention.
Minor soft tissue infections are the most frequent consequences, although they are manageable with the right treatment and monitoring. To further reduce the risk of problems and improve the overall success of osseointegrated implantation, research and development are ongoingly focused on enhancing surgical methods and implant design.
Although osseointegration has a lot of potential, not all amputees may be good candidates for it. Considerations for osseointegrated implantation must take into consideration elements including the degree and nature of the amputation, the quality and density of the bone, and the desires of the patient.
{"title":"Review of Exploring the Future of Prosthetics Using Osseointegration Technology","authors":"Saif M. Abbas, Ayad M. Takhakh, Jumaa S. Chiad","doi":"10.29194/njes.26030186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26030186","url":null,"abstract":"Additionally, it has been demonstrated that osseointegrated implantation offers superior proprioception and control over the prosthesis, enabling more natural movement and improved functional results. Additionally, it lowers the chance of falling and increases energy transfer efficiency, making it simpler for amputees to engage in physical activity. Furthermore, as compared to conventional socket prosthesis attachment, osseointegrated implantation has been linked to higher patient satisfaction and quality of life.
 It is crucial to remember that osseointegration is a surgical operation with risks including infection and implant failure. Additionally, for effective implantation, it needs a specific amount and quality of bone, which may restrict its usage in some individuals. Furthermore, osseointegrated implantation could be more expensive than conventional socket prosthetics.
 Understanding the efficacy and safety of this method requires research on complication rates and outcome metrics in patients having osseointegrated prosthesis implantation. You may acquire information on things like infection rates, implant failure, patient satisfaction, and functional results by studying original research papers. Clinical decision-making can then be improved with the use of this information.
 In transfemoral amputees, osseointegration has showed promise as a powerful substitute for socket prostheses. A growing corpus of research has shown that osseointegrated implantation provides advantages in terms of increasing mobility, decreasing discomfort, and improving general quality of life. The efficiency of osseointegration for transtibial and upper extremity implants has received little attention.
 Minor soft tissue infections are the most frequent consequences, although they are manageable with the right treatment and monitoring. To further reduce the risk of problems and improve the overall success of osseointegrated implantation, research and development are ongoingly focused on enhancing surgical methods and implant design.
 Although osseointegration has a lot of potential, not all amputees may be good candidates for it. Considerations for osseointegrated implantation must take into consideration elements including the degree and nature of the amputation, the quality and density of the bone, and the desires of the patient.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"132 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Platinum, copper, and nickel were founded the best metals used in resistance temperature detectors RTDs. They commonly used in laboratory and industrial applications because they provide accurate and reliable measurements in a wide temperature range from (- 200 to 850 °C). They have high conductivity, sensitivity, and hardness to resist strain shock, pressure, and vibration. The accuracy level of them depends on reliability, stability, repeatability, linearity, and response to time. This study aims to determine and compare the accuracy of these three metals in regarding to their features which include stability, repeatability, and response time. The study has gathered and analyzed the data of these suitable and precise metals and compared with each other. The results showed that platinum is widely needed for RTDs due to its precision, stability, higher accuracy, and linearity output, while copper and nickel are not stable or repeatable as platinum. It was indicated that temperature coefficient of resistance TCR for nickel is bigger and for copper is medium, but for platinum is lower.
{"title":"A Comparative Study about Accuracy Levels of Resistance Temperature Detectors RTDs Composed of Platinum, Copper, and Nickel","authors":"Salim Kako","doi":"10.29194/njes.26030216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26030216","url":null,"abstract":"Platinum, copper, and nickel were founded the best metals used in resistance temperature detectors RTDs. They commonly used in laboratory and industrial applications because they provide accurate and reliable measurements in a wide temperature range from (- 200 to 850 °C). They have high conductivity, sensitivity, and hardness to resist strain shock, pressure, and vibration. The accuracy level of them depends on reliability, stability, repeatability, linearity, and response to time. This study aims to determine and compare the accuracy of these three metals in regarding to their features which include stability, repeatability, and response time. The study has gathered and analyzed the data of these suitable and precise metals and compared with each other. The results showed that platinum is widely needed for RTDs due to its precision, stability, higher accuracy, and linearity output, while copper and nickel are not stable or repeatable as platinum. It was indicated that temperature coefficient of resistance TCR for nickel is bigger and for copper is medium, but for platinum is lower.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"128 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135810231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elaff F.Sharif, Mahmoud Sh. Mahmoud, Abdullah A. K AL-Maskari
The phenomenon of climate change resulting from the increase of global warming has become one of the main problems facing the world. Where researchers and specialists have worked for many years to find a solution that reduces this phenomenon and limits its risks. It is likely that clean energy is an alternative to fossil fuel sources, which are the main source of global warming. One of the clean energy sources is ocean wave energy, which is a huge and untapped energy source, despite the possibility of extracting large energy from waves. This paper focuses on the study of deep-sea turbines and their results. A study was conducted on the capture chamber. Where this paper presents an experimental model of a water tank with certain dimensions in the university laboratories to describe the dynamic behavior of the capture chamber. The Froude number scale was used to model the dimensions and depth of the water as well as the wave properties. Through experimental work and its results show, and it was found that the power generated by the motion of the wave strength is related to the height and frequency of the wave.
{"title":"Investigate Air Well Turbines Performance for Power Generation by Tidal Waves in River","authors":"Elaff F.Sharif, Mahmoud Sh. Mahmoud, Abdullah A. K AL-Maskari","doi":"10.29194/njes.26030150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26030150","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of climate change resulting from the increase of global warming has become one of the main problems facing the world. Where researchers and specialists have worked for many years to find a solution that reduces this phenomenon and limits its risks. It is likely that clean energy is an alternative to fossil fuel sources, which are the main source of global warming. One of the clean energy sources is ocean wave energy, which is a huge and untapped energy source, despite the possibility of extracting large energy from waves. This paper focuses on the study of deep-sea turbines and their results. A study was conducted on the capture chamber. Where this paper presents an experimental model of a water tank with certain dimensions in the university laboratories to describe the dynamic behavior of the capture chamber. The Froude number scale was used to model the dimensions and depth of the water as well as the wave properties. Through experimental work and its results show, and it was found that the power generated by the motion of the wave strength is related to the height and frequency of the wave.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"129 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135810228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Ghazi, Faiq Mohammed Sarhan Al-Zwainy, Gunasekaran Manogaran Manogaran
In Republic of Iraq, ready-mix concrete production plants have been adversely affected by the lack of modern and advanced technology to assess their performance in line with technological advancements. Current evaluation methods rely on traditional approaches and financial measures, yielding unrealistic performance results. To address this problem, there is a need to utilize modern models and methods for performance evaluation. The study's main objective This was achieved by employing a literature survey methodology and utilizing digital databases such as the Iraqi Scientific Journals website, virtual libraries, and scientific platforms like ScienceDirect, Springer, Google Scholar, and Gate Research between 2015 and 2023. The research study provided a comprehensive overview of performance evaluation, including its definitions, importance, and an introduction to modern models and evaluation methods. The study found that no previous studies have been conducted in Iraq to evaluate ready-mix concrete production plants. However, four studies were found in Egypt, Sudan, and India. The previous similar relevant studies discussed various topics and related studies. Firstly, they discussed the classification, advantages, and disadvantages of concrete mixing plants. Additionally, the previous studies analyzed the factors that most influence the performance of concrete production plants, including laboratory manager efficiency, work team efficiency, communication and relationships within work teams, plant operator, material transportation method, and time and courses. Furthermore, the previous research studies present a comprehensive analysis of all variable data simultaneously using the statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) input stage. The evaluation also extends to the evaluation of laboratories, encompassing plant arrangement, internal quality control systems, and final product quality. The overall evaluation results of previous studies. Indicate that 75% of the concrete production plants failed to meet the required criteria, while only 25% demonstrated satisfactory performance. The study proposed improvements to enhance the performance rate of ready-mix concrete production plants by leveraging the most influential variables, which will be considered in the study.
{"title":"Critical Review to Evaluate Performance of Ready-Mix Concrete Production Plant","authors":"Sara Ghazi, Faiq Mohammed Sarhan Al-Zwainy, Gunasekaran Manogaran Manogaran","doi":"10.29194/njes.26030205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26030205","url":null,"abstract":"In Republic of Iraq, ready-mix concrete production plants have been adversely affected by the lack of modern and advanced technology to assess their performance in line with technological advancements. Current evaluation methods rely on traditional approaches and financial measures, yielding unrealistic performance results. To address this problem, there is a need to utilize modern models and methods for performance evaluation. The study's main objective This was achieved by employing a literature survey methodology and utilizing digital databases such as the Iraqi Scientific Journals website, virtual libraries, and scientific platforms like ScienceDirect, Springer, Google Scholar, and Gate Research between 2015 and 2023. The research study provided a comprehensive overview of performance evaluation, including its definitions, importance, and an introduction to modern models and evaluation methods. The study found that no previous studies have been conducted in Iraq to evaluate ready-mix concrete production plants. However, four studies were found in Egypt, Sudan, and India. The previous similar relevant studies discussed various topics and related studies. Firstly, they discussed the classification, advantages, and disadvantages of concrete mixing plants. Additionally, the previous studies analyzed the factors that most influence the performance of concrete production plants, including laboratory manager efficiency, work team efficiency, communication and relationships within work teams, plant operator, material transportation method, and time and courses. Furthermore, the previous research studies present a comprehensive analysis of all variable data simultaneously using the statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) input stage. The evaluation also extends to the evaluation of laboratories, encompassing plant arrangement, internal quality control systems, and final product quality. The overall evaluation results of previous studies. Indicate that 75% of the concrete production plants failed to meet the required criteria, while only 25% demonstrated satisfactory performance. The study proposed improvements to enhance the performance rate of ready-mix concrete production plants by leveraging the most influential variables, which will be considered in the study.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"115 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135810402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zainab A. Wajeeh, Sadiq J. Hamandi, Wisam S. Alobaidi, Georges B. Tedy
A failing heart can be supported in several ways, including cardiopulmonary bypass pumps (CPB), extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMOs), and other types of auxiliary heart pumps. The intra-aortic-balloon-pump (IABP) is one technique of internal counter-pulsation that supports maintaining the circulatory system It continues to be used as a vascular support device to critically unwell cardiac patients. Many recent studies have focused on the problems of the (IABP) in open-heart surgery, while other researchers concentrated on the positioning and size of the balloon, some of them studied the timing of the balloon's inflation and deflation. this paper has reviewed a brief Introduction, the basic principles of the balloon, how to trigger the balloon pump as well as the use of IABP in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG), balloon mistiming of inflation and deflation, balloon timing usage within open-heart surgery and finally a balloon position and sizing.
{"title":"Analysis of Intra-Aortic Balloon Performance in Open-Heart Surgery","authors":"Zainab A. Wajeeh, Sadiq J. Hamandi, Wisam S. Alobaidi, Georges B. Tedy","doi":"10.29194/njes.26030157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26030157","url":null,"abstract":"A failing heart can be supported in several ways, including cardiopulmonary bypass pumps (CPB), extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMOs), and other types of auxiliary heart pumps. The intra-aortic-balloon-pump (IABP) is one technique of internal counter-pulsation that supports maintaining the circulatory system It continues to be used as a vascular support device to critically unwell cardiac patients. Many recent studies have focused on the problems of the (IABP) in open-heart surgery, while other researchers concentrated on the positioning and size of the balloon, some of them studied the timing of the balloon's inflation and deflation. this paper has reviewed a brief Introduction, the basic principles of the balloon, how to trigger the balloon pump as well as the use of IABP in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG), balloon mistiming of inflation and deflation, balloon timing usage within open-heart surgery and finally a balloon position and sizing.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"119 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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