High-performance polymer nanocomposites utilizing different-sized nanofillers had a lot of interest recently. Due to their distinct structural, and thermal characteristics. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and nanoclay (NC) have the most interest among the numerous types of reinforcing as filler elements for a polymer. The formation of hybrid from MWCNT and NC at various loadings (0.5%, 1%, and 2wt%) on the characteristics of epoxy polymer have been assessed in this work. The specimens have been created using solution blending procedures with the addition of solvent ethanol at a ratio of 1:1 for dispersed nanofillers, and then they have been re-mixed with epoxy. Tests like X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal conductivity were used to identify properties of epoxy. According to the test results, the thermal conductivity rise as the filler content rises at 1wt%, then start to decrease after 1wt%. The sample with the hybrid filler loading of 1 wt% produced the best performance. Since hybrid epoxy exhibits the best result of the thermal conductivity 135% over MWNT and NC nanocomposites of 1 wt.% reached 0.3568 W/m.K in the increased thermal conductivity property. By examining the EP nanocomposites XRD pattern. The hybrid of epoxy nanocomposites exhibits all of the NC and MWCNT characteristic peaks. Since interactions between the filler and the epoxy cause a shift in the peak location of 1wt%. Due to the homogeneity of the nanofillers entire epoxy matrix, there may be changes in the intensity or location of the peaks at 1% for 2θ= 20.13°, which corresponds to an interlayer distance of d=0.461nm.
{"title":"Study the Effect of Hybrid Nanofillers Content on the X-ray Diffraction and Thermal Conductivity Properties of Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites","authors":"Hajer Alhussiny, M. Albozahid","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040286","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance polymer nanocomposites utilizing different-sized nanofillers had a lot of interest recently. Due to their distinct structural, and thermal characteristics. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and nanoclay (NC) have the most interest among the numerous types of reinforcing as filler elements for a polymer. The formation of hybrid from MWCNT and NC at various loadings (0.5%, 1%, and 2wt%) on the characteristics of epoxy polymer have been assessed in this work. The specimens have been created using solution blending procedures with the addition of solvent ethanol at a ratio of 1:1 for dispersed nanofillers, and then they have been re-mixed with epoxy. Tests like X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal conductivity were used to identify properties of epoxy. According to the test results, the thermal conductivity rise as the filler content rises at 1wt%, then start to decrease after 1wt%. The sample with the hybrid filler loading of 1 wt% produced the best performance. Since hybrid epoxy exhibits the best result of the thermal conductivity 135% over MWNT and NC nanocomposites of 1 wt.% reached 0.3568 W/m.K in the increased thermal conductivity property. By examining the EP nanocomposites XRD pattern. The hybrid of epoxy nanocomposites exhibits all of the NC and MWCNT characteristic peaks. Since interactions between the filler and the epoxy cause a shift in the peak location of 1wt%. Due to the homogeneity of the nanofillers entire epoxy matrix, there may be changes in the intensity or location of the peaks at 1% for 2θ= 20.13°, which corresponds to an interlayer distance of d=0.461nm.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"41 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141036781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The assessment of prosthetic aortic valves through echocardiography, a pivotal noninvasive tool, encounters challenges, with discordant findings compared to invasive measurements, particularly in transvalvular gradients. To address these complexities, this comprehensive review article explores diverse methodologies and modalities for assessing prosthetic aortic valve performance. As these life-saving devices advance in complexity, the demand for precise and innovative assessment techniques intensifies. This journey through established and emerging modalities aims to inform clinical practice, foster experimental innovation, and enhance patient care in the realm of aortic valve prosthetic assessment. Ultimately, a profound understanding of the hemodynamic milieu engendered by aortic prosthetic valves serves as the cornerstone for optimizing valve design and clinical utility. The primary objective of this comprehensive review is to elucidate, with utmost precision, the multifaceted methodologies employed in the investigation and evaluation of mechanical prosthetic aortic valve.
{"title":"An in-Depth Examination Modalities of Hemodynamic Characteristics in Mechanical Aortic Valve: A Comprehensive Review Article","authors":"Qabas Tariq, Samar Ali Jaber, Ahmed Ammar","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040326","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of prosthetic aortic valves through echocardiography, a pivotal noninvasive tool, encounters challenges, with discordant findings compared to invasive measurements, particularly in transvalvular gradients. To address these complexities, this comprehensive review article explores diverse methodologies and modalities for assessing prosthetic aortic valve performance. As these life-saving devices advance in complexity, the demand for precise and innovative assessment techniques intensifies. This journey through established and emerging modalities aims to inform clinical practice, foster experimental innovation, and enhance patient care in the realm of aortic valve prosthetic assessment. Ultimately, a profound understanding of the hemodynamic milieu engendered by aortic prosthetic valves serves as the cornerstone for optimizing valve design and clinical utility. The primary objective of this comprehensive review is to elucidate, with utmost precision, the multifaceted methodologies employed in the investigation and evaluation of mechanical prosthetic aortic valve.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141026559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor B. Khalaf, Hadeel K. Aljobouri, Mohammed S. Najim, Ilyas Çankaya
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for direct and immediate imaging of the morphology of retinal tissue. It has become a crucial imaging modality for diagnosing eye problems in ophthalmology. One of the most significant morphological characteristics of the retina is the structure of the retinal layers, which provides important evidence for diagnostic purposes and is related to a variety of retinal diseases. In this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is proposed that can identify the difference between a normal retina and three common macular diseases: Diabetic macular edema (DME), Drusen, and Choroidal neovascularization (CNV). This proposed model was trained and tested on an open source dataset of OCT images also with professional disease classifications such as DME, CNV, Drusen, and Normal. The suggested model has achieved 98.3% overall classification accuracy, with only 7 wrong classifications out of 368 test samples. The suggested model significantly outperforms other models that made use of the identical dataset. The final results show that the suggested model is particularly adapted to the detection of retinal disorders in ophthalmology centers.
{"title":"Simplified Convolutional Neural Network Model for Automatic Classification of Retinal Diseases from Optical Coherence Tomography Images","authors":"Noor B. Khalaf, Hadeel K. Aljobouri, Mohammed S. Najim, Ilyas Çankaya","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040314","url":null,"abstract":"Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for direct and immediate imaging of the morphology of retinal tissue. It has become a crucial imaging modality for diagnosing eye problems in ophthalmology. One of the most significant morphological characteristics of the retina is the structure of the retinal layers, which provides important evidence for diagnostic purposes and is related to a variety of retinal diseases.\u0000In this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is proposed that can identify the difference between a normal retina and three common macular diseases: Diabetic macular edema (DME), Drusen, and Choroidal neovascularization (CNV). This proposed model was trained and tested on an open source dataset of OCT images also with professional disease classifications such as DME, CNV, Drusen, and Normal. The suggested model has achieved 98.3% overall classification accuracy, with only 7 wrong classifications out of 368 test samples. The suggested model significantly outperforms other models that made use of the identical dataset. The final results show that the suggested model is particularly adapted to the detection of retinal disorders in ophthalmology centers.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"110 2‐3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent research has focused on analysing megakaryocyte images to extract the information needed to track the progression of nervous system diseases. Segmentation is a fundamental step in describing and analysing the core contents of megakaryocytes, including the cytoplasm and nucleus. In this study, 45 megakaryocyte images were obtained. A new segmentation image technique was proposed, called the updating fuzzy c-means technique, through the intelligent selection of the centres of each cluster to separate cell components. The first step of this technique (fuzzification) was based on a knowledge analysis of the local parameters (entropy, contrast and standard deviation) that had a substantial influence on the grey-level distribution between the cytoplasm and nucleus. The second important step was the construction of fuzzy rules in terms of the variation in these local parameters to control the intelligent pick-out or update the centroid of each cluster and obtain a successful separation of the cytoplasm and nucleus. The final step was defuzzification to obtain the output images. The results revealed the superiority of the proposed method over recent technique. The accuracy of the segmented nucleus was greater than 7.46%; in the case of the cytoplasm, the accuracy was higher at 18%. These results indicated that this technique may be applied on other biomedical images.
{"title":"Detection of Megakaryocyte Cell Structure Through Artificial Intelligence Tools","authors":"S. I. Jabbar, A. Aladi","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040337","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has focused on analysing megakaryocyte images to extract the information needed to track the progression of nervous system diseases. Segmentation is a fundamental step in describing and analysing the core contents of megakaryocytes, including the cytoplasm and nucleus. In this study, 45 megakaryocyte images were obtained. A new segmentation image technique was proposed, called the updating fuzzy c-means technique, through the intelligent selection of the centres of each cluster to separate cell components. The first step of this technique (fuzzification) was based on a knowledge analysis of the local parameters (entropy, contrast and standard deviation) that had a substantial influence on the grey-level distribution between the cytoplasm and nucleus. The second important step was the construction of fuzzy rules in terms of the variation in these local parameters to control the intelligent pick-out or update the centroid of each cluster and obtain a successful separation of the cytoplasm and nucleus. The final step was defuzzification to obtain the output images. The results revealed the superiority of the proposed method over recent technique. The accuracy of the segmented nucleus was greater than 7.46%; in the case of the cytoplasm, the accuracy was higher at 18%. These results indicated that this technique may be applied on other biomedical images.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141058000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rigid pavement slabs are erected on a prepared subgrade or foundation layer, providing a hard and continuous surface. Transverse joints made of dowel bars connect them, and longitudinal joints made of tie bars join them longitudinally. This study is an investigation of the impact of soil strength and concrete parameters on the effectiveness of dowel bars in rigid pavements. Moreover, three parameters were examined; California Bearing Ratio (CBR), concrete compressive strength and slab thickness. The analysis was conducted using the Ever FE program and focused on several axle configurations applied to the joint. The results indicate inverse association between the pavement slab thickness and the concrete strength, under the assumption of consistent soil strength. Moreover, an assortment of reduced shear forces on the dowel bars is seen when the soil strength values increase. It indicates that soil strength has a greater impact on the shear load of dowel bars compared to the qualities of concrete. Additionally, the type of axles used and the magnitude of soil strength were shown to have a significant effect on the shear load.
刚性路面板铺设在准备好的基层或基础层上，提供坚硬而连续的表面。横向接缝由锚杆连接，纵向接缝由拉杆连接。本研究调查了土壤强度和混凝土参数对刚性路面中锚杆有效性的影响。此外，还考察了三个参数：加州承载比（CBR）、混凝土抗压强度和板厚度。分析使用 Ever FE 程序进行，重点是应用于接缝的几种轴配置。结果表明，在土壤强度一致的假设条件下，路面板厚度与混凝土强度之间存在反比关系。此外，当土壤强度值增加时，镙杆上的剪切力也会减少。这表明，与混凝土的质量相比，土壤强度对镙杆剪切力的影响更大。此外，使用的轴类型和土壤强度的大小对剪切荷载也有显著影响。
{"title":"Studying the Impact of Soil Stabilization Techniques on Rigid Pavement Joints Across Various Axle Loads","authors":"Asma Thamir Ibraheem, Hassan M. Mahdi M. Alddin","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040351","url":null,"abstract":"Rigid pavement slabs are erected on a prepared subgrade or foundation layer, providing a hard and continuous surface. Transverse joints made of dowel bars connect them, and longitudinal joints made of tie bars join them longitudinally. This study is an investigation of the impact of soil strength and concrete parameters on the effectiveness of dowel bars in rigid pavements. Moreover, three parameters were examined; California Bearing Ratio (CBR), concrete compressive strength and slab thickness. The analysis was conducted using the Ever FE program and focused on several axle configurations applied to the joint. The results indicate inverse association between the pavement slab thickness and the concrete strength, under the assumption of consistent soil strength. Moreover, an assortment of reduced shear forces on the dowel bars is seen when the soil strength values increase. It indicates that soil strength has a greater impact on the shear load of dowel bars compared to the qualities of concrete. Additionally, the type of axles used and the magnitude of soil strength were shown to have a significant effect on the shear load.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"69 s27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141041304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the health issues that many people encounter on a daily basis is bone fracture, which can happen for a number of reasons, such as arthritis, sprains, or external trauma . The patient experiences instability as a result of these issues . Internal fixation is a type of surgery used to support and mend a damaged bone Treatment options include ankle joint fixation, a surgical procedure employing pins, plates, rods, or screws. This study uses gait analysis methods to assess lower limb biomechanics . Gait analysis is vital for understanding walking patterns and intervention effectiveness. The impact of different shoe designs on ankle mechanics, using the finite element method and ANSYS, is investigated The results of the EMG and the GRF were discussed. This research deepens our understanding of lower limb biomechanics and ankle joint health. By evaluating stress effects and designing custom shoes, it enhances ankle injury treatment and management strategies. The patient, a 70-year-old woman with an internal fixation on her ankle joint, underwent a CT scan of her ankle. The patient underwent a number of experiments to evaluate her stability. EMG was used to determine the muscle stress for a brief period of time, and ground reaction force was then used to determine the pressure of walking. Both EMG and GRF have two walking speeds of1.5and 2 km/h while wearing four different types of shoes. The behavior of the EMG demonstrates that the stress on the muscle increases as walking speed increases, and the results varies depending on the shoe. The patient is afraid to apply pressure to the injured foot, so the health foot has better pressure over the entire foot
{"title":"Measurement and Analysis of ground reaction forces Distribution and electromyography for Ankle Joint Fixation Injury Using Different Types of Shoes","authors":"Noora Fakhri, Prof. Dr. Jumaa Chiad","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040358","url":null,"abstract":"One of the health issues that many people encounter on a daily basis is bone fracture, which can happen for a number of reasons, such as arthritis, sprains, or external trauma . The patient experiences instability as a result of these issues . Internal fixation is a type of surgery used to support and mend a damaged bone Treatment options include ankle joint fixation, a surgical procedure employing pins, plates, rods, or screws. This study uses gait analysis methods to assess lower limb biomechanics . Gait analysis is vital for understanding walking patterns and intervention effectiveness. The impact of different shoe designs on ankle mechanics, using the finite element method and ANSYS, is investigated The results of the EMG and the GRF were discussed. \u0000This research deepens our understanding of lower limb biomechanics and ankle joint health. By evaluating stress effects and designing custom shoes, it enhances ankle injury treatment and management strategies. \u0000The patient, a 70-year-old woman with an internal fixation on her ankle joint, underwent a CT scan of her ankle. The patient underwent a number of experiments to evaluate her stability. EMG was used to determine the muscle stress for a brief period of time, and ground reaction force was then used to determine the pressure of walking. Both EMG and GRF have two walking speeds of1.5and 2 km/h while wearing four different types of shoes. The behavior of the EMG demonstrates that the stress on the muscle increases as walking speed increases, and the results varies depending on the shoe. The patient is afraid to apply pressure to the injured foot, so the health foot has better pressure over the entire foot \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"138 S250","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, environmentally friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles was produced using sustainable green technology. With several loading amounts, such as 5%, 10%, 50%, and 100%, the banana peel extract was utilized as a capping agent. This was followed by calcinations at 400 ºC for 3 h in a muffle furnace. To evaluate the physical and chemical change of the synthesized nanoparticles, XRD, FTIR, UV-VIS and SEM/EDAX was used. The characterization results reveald that the all the green synthesized ZnO NPs samples strongly supports the well-crystallinity with high phase purity. The average crystallite size of the prepared samples was calculated using Debye-Scherer's formula and the results shows that with an increase in extract amount, the average crystallite size was shrinking. The FTIR result verified the successful chemical reaction between zinc salt and banana peel extract. The UV-VIS results showed the effect of size quantisization phenomena at 100% extract adding. Finally, the SEM images for all the prepared samples confirm the spherical shape.
{"title":"Effect of Banana Peels Extract Ratio on The Sustainable Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"A. Alwash, Farah M. Ibrahim, Salam Mohammed","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040297","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, environmentally friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles was produced using sustainable green technology. With several loading amounts, such as 5%, 10%, 50%, and 100%, the banana peel extract was utilized as a capping agent. This was followed by calcinations at 400 ºC for 3 h in a muffle furnace. To evaluate the physical and chemical change of the synthesized nanoparticles, XRD, FTIR, UV-VIS and SEM/EDAX was used. The characterization results reveald that the all the green synthesized ZnO NPs samples strongly supports the well-crystallinity with high phase purity. The average crystallite size of the prepared samples was calculated using Debye-Scherer's formula and the results shows that with an increase in extract amount, the average crystallite size was shrinking. The FTIR result verified the successful chemical reaction between zinc salt and banana peel extract. The UV-VIS results showed the effect of size quantisization phenomena at 100% extract adding. Finally, the SEM images for all the prepared samples confirm the spherical shape.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141053531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The improvement in solar chimneys' thermal performance and thermal behavior that can be achieved by adding metal foam has been tested in computational work. The flow and heat transfer governing equations for solar chimney models were solved using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It was solved using the control volume numerical method in ANSYS FLUENT 14.5. It is used to construct a finite volume modeling technique for solving the governing equations and the radiation heat transfer equations. With standard flat absorber plates, the results showed that heat transmission was increased by the inclusion of metal foam (10 PPI), leading to an increase in air velocity at the solar chimney of around 13.3%. The highest average air velocity with 10 PPI drops by 54.4% as the height of the absorber plate changes from 5 cm to 25 cm respectively.
{"title":"Simulation of Effect a Variable Height of Porous Absorber on Ventilation Solar Chimney Performance","authors":"Suhaib Alshbailat, Mohammed A. Nima","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040343","url":null,"abstract":"The improvement in solar chimneys' thermal performance and thermal behavior that can be achieved by adding metal foam has been tested in computational work. The flow and heat transfer governing equations for solar chimney models were solved using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It was solved using the control volume numerical method in ANSYS FLUENT 14.5. It is used to construct a finite volume modeling technique for solving the governing equations and the radiation heat transfer equations. With standard flat absorber plates, the results showed that heat transmission was increased by the inclusion of metal foam (10 PPI), leading to an increase in air velocity at the solar chimney of around 13.3%. The highest average air velocity with 10 PPI drops by 54.4% as the height of the absorber plate changes from 5 cm to 25 cm respectively.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141051251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this study is to design the asphalt pavement structure for the Alkut-Mayssan highway in Iraq as a case study by using PCASE application to determine the necessary thickness of CR-modified asphaltic layers. Additionally, Marshall tests were used to investigate the effect of the dry process crumb rubber modifier on the thickness of the binder coarse layer based on various variables, such as the crumb rubber modifier with different content (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)% and sizes (0.3mm, 2.36mm , 4.75mm, and mix gradation). The test results show that while pavement thickness reduced as crumb rubber gradation increases, MR values increase. Additionally, as compared to the control mixture, the addition of 1% of CR in various gradations could decrease the thickness of the asphalt binder layer.
{"title":"Pavement Binder Course Optimization","authors":"Abrar Alazawi, Hassan Musa Al-Mousawi","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040304","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to design the asphalt pavement structure for the Alkut-Mayssan highway in Iraq as a case study by using PCASE application to determine the necessary thickness of CR-modified asphaltic layers. Additionally, Marshall tests were used to investigate the effect of the dry process crumb rubber modifier on the thickness of the binder coarse layer based on various variables, such as the crumb rubber modifier with different content (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)% and sizes (0.3mm, 2.36mm , 4.75mm, and mix gradation). The test results show that while pavement thickness reduced as crumb rubber gradation increases, MR values increase. Additionally, as compared to the control mixture, the addition of 1% of CR in various gradations could decrease the thickness of the asphalt binder layer.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141053911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, nanoparticles have gained significant attention in the field of cancer treatment due to their extensive potential and wide range of uses. The research mostly focuses on the inorganic chemicals, with a specific emphasis on metals, in order to enhance the comprehension of functional nanoparticles synthesis. This undertaking is motivated by the distinctive characteristics exhibited by these materials, which provide significant advantages for both fundamental scientific inquiry and practical implementations, notably those focused on cancer. The objective of this review is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the diverse applications of nanocomposites, with a specific focus on their utilization in medication delivery.
{"title":"Strategies of Nanocarrier-Based Therapeutic Drug Delivery","authors":"Walaa A. Salih, A. A. Al-Taie","doi":"10.29194/njes.26040365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26040365","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, nanoparticles have gained significant attention in the field of cancer treatment due to their extensive potential and wide range of uses. The research mostly focuses on the inorganic chemicals, with a specific emphasis on metals, in order to enhance the comprehension of functional nanoparticles synthesis. This undertaking is motivated by the distinctive characteristics exhibited by these materials, which provide significant advantages for both fundamental scientific inquiry and practical implementations, notably those focused on cancer. The objective of this review is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the diverse applications of nanocomposites, with a specific focus on their utilization in medication delivery.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141024522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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