This study examines the flow behavior and lift coefficient variations of a NACA 4415 airfoil using different vortex generator configurations. Experimental investigations are conducted in a subsonic wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 1.8 x 105. The airfoil is tested with two types of vortex generators, namely the dome vortex and the convergent-divergent vortex, positioned at 10%, 28%, and 60% chord locations. Experimental lift coefficients are compared with Airfoil Tools database, showing consistent agreement within an angle of attack range of 0 to 18 degrees. At small angles of attack (0 to 8 degrees), the lift coefficients of the NACA 4415 airfoil with the dome vortex at 10%, 28%, and 60% chord positions are lower compared to the baseline configuration. However, beyond 14 degrees, the highest lift coefficient value after the angle range of 14-18 degrees is achieved at the 60% chord position with the dome vortex, 10.43% increase compared to the baseline lift coefficient. Furthermore, the best value for the lift coefficient after the angle range of 16-18 degrees at the 10% chord position is achieved with the dome vortex, where the maximum lift coefficient 9.4% increase compared to the baseline lift coefficient. It is noted that the baseline configuration consistently outperforms the convergent-divergent vortex configurations.
本研究考察流动行为和升力系数变化的NACA 4415翼型使用不同的涡发生器配置。在雷诺数为1.8 x 105的亚音速风洞中进行了实验研究。翼型测试了两种类型的涡发生器，即圆顶涡和会聚-发散涡，分别位于10%，28%和60%和弦位置。实验升力系数比较与翼型工具数据库，显示一致的协议内攻角范围0至18度。在小迎角(0至8度)，与穹顶涡在10%，28%和60%和弦位置的NACA 4415翼型的升力系数比基线配置更低。但在14度以外，在14-18度角范围内，与穹顶涡的60%弦位处升力系数最大，比基线升力系数增加10.43%。在16 ~ 18度角范围内，10%弦位的升力系数最大值为圆顶涡，较基线升力系数增大9.4%。值得注意的是，基线配置始终优于收敛-发散涡旋配置。
{"title":"The Effect of Location and Shape of Vortex Generators on Aerodynamic Characteristics of a NACA 4415 Airfoil","authors":"Khuder N. Abed","doi":"10.29194/njes.26030198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26030198","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the flow behavior and lift coefficient variations of a NACA 4415 airfoil using different vortex generator configurations. Experimental investigations are conducted in a subsonic wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 1.8 x 105. The airfoil is tested with two types of vortex generators, namely the dome vortex and the convergent-divergent vortex, positioned at 10%, 28%, and 60% chord locations. Experimental lift coefficients are compared with Airfoil Tools database, showing consistent agreement within an angle of attack range of 0 to 18 degrees. At small angles of attack (0 to 8 degrees), the lift coefficients of the NACA 4415 airfoil with the dome vortex at 10%, 28%, and 60% chord positions are lower compared to the baseline configuration. However, beyond 14 degrees, the highest lift coefficient value after the angle range of 14-18 degrees is achieved at the 60% chord position with the dome vortex, 10.43% increase compared to the baseline lift coefficient. Furthermore, the best value for the lift coefficient after the angle range of 16-18 degrees at the 10% chord position is achieved with the dome vortex, where the maximum lift coefficient 9.4% increase compared to the baseline lift coefficient. It is noted that the baseline configuration consistently outperforms the convergent-divergent vortex configurations.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"38 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akeel Abdullah Mohammed, Ansam Adil Mohammed, Shylesha V. Channapattanac
Natural convection air heat transfer and fluid movement currents around a hot circular cylinder inside an inclined triangular enclosure has been analyzed experimentally. Three different sizes of an enclosure with a long side of 20, 25, and 30 cm, the thickness of 1 mm, and depth of 50 cm were used in the present work to give three radius ratios. The effect of Rayleigh number, radius ratio, the rotation angle of triangle enclosure, and the inclination angle of the apparatus with horizontal axis ? on the heat transfer process was investigated. The ranges of these parameters were: Rayleigh number from 5×106 to 2.5×108, radius ratio (0.345, 0.455, and 0.618), rotation angle (0o, 45o, and 90o), and inclination angle (0o, 45o and 90o). The results show that the heat transfer rates increase with increase in Rayleigh number and as the rotation angle of enclosure is changed from 0o to 90o. Moreover, the heat transfer rate increases linearly with Rayleigh number at higher radius at rotation angle 0o, 90o only. While, it increases slightly with Rayleigh number at rotation angle 45o. Additionally, the higher heat transfer rates occur at vertical position of enclosure inclination angle 90o and rotation angle 0o (the base of triangle at the bottom) and it decreases as inclination angle deviates from 90o to 0o. This behavior is reverse completely at higher radius ratio 0.618. Empirical correlations for the average Nusselt number has been found to depend on Rayleigh number., radius ratio, rotation angle and inclination angle.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation into Natural Convection Heat Transfer inside Triangular Enclosure with Internal Hot Cylinder","authors":"Akeel Abdullah Mohammed, Ansam Adil Mohammed, Shylesha V. Channapattanac","doi":"10.29194/njes.26030175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26030175","url":null,"abstract":"Natural convection air heat transfer and fluid movement currents around a hot circular cylinder inside an inclined triangular enclosure has been analyzed experimentally. Three different sizes of an enclosure with a long side of 20, 25, and 30 cm, the thickness of 1 mm, and depth of 50 cm were used in the present work to give three radius ratios. The effect of Rayleigh number, radius ratio, the rotation angle of triangle enclosure, and the inclination angle of the apparatus with horizontal axis ? on the heat transfer process was investigated. The ranges of these parameters were: Rayleigh number from 5×106 to 2.5×108, radius ratio (0.345, 0.455, and 0.618), rotation angle (0o, 45o, and 90o), and inclination angle (0o, 45o and 90o). The results show that the heat transfer rates increase with increase in Rayleigh number and as the rotation angle of enclosure is changed from 0o to 90o. Moreover, the heat transfer rate increases linearly with Rayleigh number at higher radius at rotation angle 0o, 90o only. While, it increases slightly with Rayleigh number at rotation angle 45o. Additionally, the higher heat transfer rates occur at vertical position of enclosure inclination angle 90o and rotation angle 0o (the base of triangle at the bottom) and it decreases as inclination angle deviates from 90o to 0o. This behavior is reverse completely at higher radius ratio 0.618. Empirical correlations for the average Nusselt number has been found to depend on Rayleigh number., radius ratio, rotation angle and inclination angle.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"106 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrollable cell growth and division. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonotherapy are all cancer treatment options. In addition to noninvasive cancer ablative therapy. As an example, ultrasonic therapy, even with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) or high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and Laser therapy (photo-biomodulation therapy) in low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with different wavelength ranges from ultraviolet (UV), visible and infrared (IR) that all have demonstrated different results depending on the target of treatment so previous trials therapies are being studied. This paper reviews recent studies on the in vitro treatment effect of ultrasound therapy and laser therapy on normal and cancerous cell lines with specific parameters. The effect of ultrasound results showed a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis in different types of cells, depending especially on sound intensity, known as Special Peak Temporal Average Intensity (ISPTA). While the laser effect is noticed on cell viability, either enhance or inhibit their viability depending upon the dose of exposure and other specific parameters like wavelength, energy density, and power density used in each treatment protocol. The previous studies conclude that each response would have a treatment method with specific parameters, even an increase or decrease in cell viability. Further studies need to be applying these methods in vivo.
{"title":"Advancements in Laser and Ultrasound Therapeutic Strategies for Cancer Cells: Recent Review","authors":"Raghad Rasul, Jamal Abduljabbar, Iman Khalil","doi":"10.29194/njes.26030226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26030226","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrollable cell growth and division. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonotherapy are all cancer treatment options. In addition to noninvasive cancer ablative therapy. As an example, ultrasonic therapy, even with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) or high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and Laser therapy (photo-biomodulation therapy) in low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with different wavelength ranges from ultraviolet (UV), visible and infrared (IR) that all have demonstrated different results depending on the target of treatment so previous trials therapies are being studied. This paper reviews recent studies on the in vitro treatment effect of ultrasound therapy and laser therapy on normal and cancerous cell lines with specific parameters. The effect of ultrasound results showed a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis in different types of cells, depending especially on sound intensity, known as Special Peak Temporal Average Intensity (ISPTA). While the laser effect is noticed on cell viability, either enhance or inhibit their viability depending upon the dose of exposure and other specific parameters like wavelength, energy density, and power density used in each treatment protocol. The previous studies conclude that each response would have a treatment method with specific parameters, even an increase or decrease in cell viability. Further studies need to be applying these methods in vivo.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"124 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135810394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is essential to review and develop a system of water control structures and canals that can be used to manage high-flow discharges and the flood control plan requirement to modify the system's capacity. Al-Ramadi Project System is considered one of the main flood control projects on the Euphrates River within Anbar Governorate, Western Iraq. This study will focus on Al-Majjarah Canal and Regulator, which is part of Al-Ramadi Project and has the function of a link canal between Al-Habbaniyah and Al-Razazza lakes, and describe the capacity of the canal under typical operating conditions and during floods. The study used HEC-RAS 6.1 software to run a numerical model to simulate this canal. According to previous research studies near the research region on the Euphrates River, for the main canal, the roughness coefficient was taken at 0.026, and for the flood plain, it was taken at 0.03. The same parameter value was applied to Al-Majjarah Canal. Due to the study region's similar geology and nature. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was made of the roughness coefficient and its influence on the water surface elevation for the canal. The model result indicated in the current situation of Al-Majjarah Canal can pass a flow rate of 1300 m3/s when Al-Razazza Lake is at an average water level that has been approved by the Ministry of Water Resources at 32.02 m.a.m.s.l.. If the water level in Al-Razazza Lake is in the semi-filled position of 40 m.a.m.s.l., it causes floods for the canal because the water level rises above the banks of the canal at the last kilometer from the canal, even when passing a few discharges through the canal. Accordingly, it is not possible to safely pass the flow rate for a flood wave with a 500-year return period predicted by the "Study of Strategy for Water and Land Resources in Iraq (2014)", which is 2000 m3/s for this canal, without making modifications to the expansion of Al-Majjarah Regulator by adding additional gates, expanding the entrance and exit of the Regulator, reshaping and expanding some cross-sections, and raising some of the banks for the canal. The above-mentioned modification were applied for the purpose of passing the expected discharge from the canal, while maintaining a freeboard of 1 m between the water surface and the canal banks.
{"title":"The Extreme Flood Capacity of Al-Majjarah Canal and Regulator Within Al-Ramadi Project System","authors":"Amro Al-Tameemi, Hayder Al-Thamiry","doi":"10.29194/njes.26030235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26030235","url":null,"abstract":"It is essential to review and develop a system of water control structures and canals that can be used to manage high-flow discharges and the flood control plan requirement to modify the system's capacity. Al-Ramadi Project System is considered one of the main flood control projects on the Euphrates River within Anbar Governorate, Western Iraq. This study will focus on Al-Majjarah Canal and Regulator, which is part of Al-Ramadi Project and has the function of a link canal between Al-Habbaniyah and Al-Razazza lakes, and describe the capacity of the canal under typical operating conditions and during floods. The study used HEC-RAS 6.1 software to run a numerical model to simulate this canal. According to previous research studies near the research region on the Euphrates River, for the main canal, the roughness coefficient was taken at 0.026, and for the flood plain, it was taken at 0.03. The same parameter value was applied to Al-Majjarah Canal. Due to the study region's similar geology and nature. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was made of the roughness coefficient and its influence on the water surface elevation for the canal. The model result indicated in the current situation of Al-Majjarah Canal can pass a flow rate of 1300 m3/s when Al-Razazza Lake is at an average water level that has been approved by the Ministry of Water Resources at 32.02 m.a.m.s.l.. If the water level in Al-Razazza Lake is in the semi-filled position of 40 m.a.m.s.l., it causes floods for the canal because the water level rises above the banks of the canal at the last kilometer from the canal, even when passing a few discharges through the canal. Accordingly, it is not possible to safely pass the flow rate for a flood wave with a 500-year return period predicted by the \"Study of Strategy for Water and Land Resources in Iraq (2014)\", which is 2000 m3/s for this canal, without making modifications to the expansion of Al-Majjarah Regulator by adding additional gates, expanding the entrance and exit of the Regulator, reshaping and expanding some cross-sections, and raising some of the banks for the canal. The above-mentioned modification were applied for the purpose of passing the expected discharge from the canal, while maintaining a freeboard of 1 m between the water surface and the canal banks.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"112 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duaa Al-Jeznawi, I. M. Mohamed Jais, Bushra S. Albusoda, Norazlan Khalid
The axial capacity and pile transference of loads under static loading have both been well reported, but further research is needed to understand the dynamic lateral responses. The pile load imposed during an earthquake may increase, but the soil’s ability to support it may fall as a side effect of the vibration leading to more settlement. The key objective of this work is to identify what led to the substantial lateral destruction of the piles during the seismic event due to the kinematic effects. These failures were related to discontinuities in the subsoil as a result of sudden changes in soil strength due to shaking. The kinematic stresses exerted in a single pipe pile constructed in two sand layers under two different situations (dry and saturated states) are investigated in this study using numerical modeling. The bending moments were higher in the saturated sand soil than in the dry one which may be attributed to liquefaction. Generally, the acceleration increased through the loose layer (from bottom to top), and then significantly settled within the dense layer. It could be shown that using this modeling, one can estimate how a pile foundation will behave under "kinematic" loading driven by earthquakes. Therefore, the design and installation of drilled aluminum or steel piles in sand soil could make use of these present observations.
{"title":"Numerical Assessment of Pipe Pile Response under Seismic Excitation","authors":"Duaa Al-Jeznawi, I. M. Mohamed Jais, Bushra S. Albusoda, Norazlan Khalid","doi":"10.29194/njes.26020096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26020096","url":null,"abstract":"The axial capacity and pile transference of loads under static loading have both been well reported, but further research is needed to understand the dynamic lateral responses. The pile load imposed during an earthquake may increase, but the soil’s ability to support it may fall as a side effect of the vibration leading to more settlement. The key objective of this work is to identify what led to the substantial lateral destruction of the piles during the seismic event due to the kinematic effects. These failures were related to discontinuities in the subsoil as a result of sudden changes in soil strength due to shaking. The kinematic stresses exerted in a single pipe pile constructed in two sand layers under two different situations (dry and saturated states) are investigated in this study using numerical modeling. The bending moments were higher in the saturated sand soil than in the dry one which may be attributed to liquefaction. Generally, the acceleration increased through the loose layer (from bottom to top), and then significantly settled within the dense layer. It could be shown that using this modeling, one can estimate how a pile foundation will behave under \"kinematic\" loading driven by earthquakes. Therefore, the design and installation of drilled aluminum or steel piles in sand soil could make use of these present observations.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82860214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ansam Adil Mohammed, Ayad Mohammed Salman, Mustafa Saad Ayoub
This study aims to review flow-induced vibration one of the repercussions of vibrations is caused by fluid movement. In general, the investigation of the structure of the systems affects the efficiency of the components that construct those systems. This review examined the influence of generated vibrations and internal pressure on fluid transport pipes using theoretical calculations, practical tests, and numerical analysis to identify and test the dynamic behavior of static fluid transport pipes. The experimental study considered the natural frequencies caused by the fluid pressure effect under various stability situations. The flow of all liquids, such as oil, water, gas, air, and vapors, through the pipes, was tested, and the mathematical models were correctly adjusted. All empirical, theoretical, numerical, and analytical research agrees that several approaches exist to develop, modify, and improve these metrics. However, one factor affecting rheological measurements is vibration, which was addressed as needed in the middle of the 20th century due to major discoveries that damage could be rooted in vibration. Established on the determinations, they provided mathematical models paired with pressure and velocity measurements of moving fluids and the influence of produced or uninduced vibration. This study demonstrates that additional empirical investigations, particularly more detailed analytical methodologies, are urgently required to produce better findings.
{"title":"Flow Induced Vibration for Different Support Pipe and Liquids: A review","authors":"Ansam Adil Mohammed, Ayad Mohammed Salman, Mustafa Saad Ayoub","doi":"10.29194/njes.26020083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26020083","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to review flow-induced vibration one of the repercussions of vibrations is caused by fluid movement. In general, the investigation of the structure of the systems affects the efficiency of the components that construct those systems. This review examined the influence of generated vibrations and internal pressure on fluid transport pipes using theoretical calculations, practical tests, and numerical analysis to identify and test the dynamic behavior of static fluid transport pipes. The experimental study considered the natural frequencies caused by the fluid pressure effect under various stability situations. The flow of all liquids, such as oil, water, gas, air, and vapors, through the pipes, was tested, and the mathematical models were correctly adjusted. All empirical, theoretical, numerical, and analytical research agrees that several approaches exist to develop, modify, and improve these metrics. However, one factor affecting rheological measurements is vibration, which was addressed as needed in the middle of the 20th century due to major discoveries that damage could be rooted in vibration. Established on the determinations, they provided mathematical models paired with pressure and velocity measurements of moving fluids and the influence of produced or uninduced vibration. This study demonstrates that additional empirical investigations, particularly more detailed analytical methodologies, are urgently required to produce better findings.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82882249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiba Alrubaie, Hadeel K. Aljobouri, Zainab J. AL-Jobawi, Ilyas Çankaya
Breast cancer is one of the greatest frequent tumours among females in Iraq. Medical ultrasound imaging has become a common modality for breast tumour imaging because of its ease of use, low cost, and safety. In the present study, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) feature extraction approaches were used to classify breast ultrasound imaging. The CNN model used is composed of four-layer for breast cancer ultrasound image analysis. Two types of free datasets were used. These data were divided into groups A and B. Group A has three classes, namely benign, malignant and normal, while group B has two classes, namely, benign and malignant. The proposed technique was assessed based on its accuracy, precision, F1 score and recall. The model's classification accuracy for data A was 96%, whereas for data B was 100%.
{"title":"Convolutional Neural Network Deep Learning Model for Improved Ultrasound Breast Tumor Classification","authors":"Hiba Alrubaie, Hadeel K. Aljobouri, Zainab J. AL-Jobawi, Ilyas Çankaya","doi":"10.29194/njes.26020057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26020057","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is one of the greatest frequent tumours among females in Iraq. Medical ultrasound imaging has become a common modality for breast tumour imaging because of its ease of use, low cost, and safety. In the present study, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) feature extraction approaches were used to classify breast ultrasound imaging. The CNN model used is composed of four-layer for breast cancer ultrasound image analysis. Two types of free datasets were used. These data were divided into groups A and B. Group A has three classes, namely benign, malignant and normal, while group B has two classes, namely, benign and malignant. The proposed technique was assessed based on its accuracy, precision, F1 score and recall. The model's classification accuracy for data A was 96%, whereas for data B was 100%.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89840726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reclaimed (recycled) asphalt pavement (RAP), the most recycled material worldwide, is the mostly reclaimed material utilized in hot mix asphalt. Polymer (Crumb rubber) incorporation frequently leads to enhanced durability and resistance to heat cracking and rutting, two forms of permanent deformation. It also relieves stiffness and minimizes fatigue damage. This study aims to gather all previous RAP-related research and crumb rubber CR, so that the impact of using these materials on mechanical, physical properties of asphalt pavement, environmental effect and cost effective are clarify and explained. The finding of this research proved that the use of RAP and CR provide considerable structural and financial enhancements to the construction.
{"title":"The Influence of Using Recycled Asphalt Pavement and Crumbed Rubber on Asphalt Pavement: A Review","authors":"Sajjad Hashim, Hasan Al-Mosawe, H. Mohammed","doi":"10.29194/njes.26020074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26020074","url":null,"abstract":"Reclaimed (recycled) asphalt pavement (RAP), the most recycled material worldwide, is the mostly reclaimed material utilized in hot mix asphalt. Polymer (Crumb rubber) incorporation frequently leads to enhanced durability and resistance to heat cracking and rutting, two forms of permanent deformation. It also relieves stiffness and minimizes fatigue damage. This study aims to gather all previous RAP-related research and crumb rubber CR, so that the impact of using these materials on mechanical, physical properties of asphalt pavement, environmental effect and cost effective are clarify and explained. The finding of this research proved that the use of RAP and CR provide considerable structural and financial enhancements to the construction.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77512980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Utilization of additives can be an effective way to improve the durability and performance of HMA, making them more resistant to Moisture and deformation. Plus, they can reduce the need for maintenance and repairs, saving you time and money in the long run. In this study, CKD was used in place of limestone as a filler in the asphalt mixture in proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, and polymer SBS 4%by weight of asphalt. According to the findings, replacement-content CKD had the highest asphalt content. When the CKD is between 25% and 50%, Stability, Flow, and Indirect Tensile Strength are improved, while the density of the asphalt mixture decreases and the amount of air voids increases at higher ratios. While SBS leads to an increase in the hardness of the adhesives. As a consequence, the stability of the SBS-containing mixes resulted in higher values than the control and additive-containing mixtures (CKD), as well as a decrease in the number of air voids. According to the results, CKD should not constitute more than half of the filler weight in the asphalt mixture.
{"title":"Enhancement of Hot Mix Asphalt stability by utilizing Cement Kiln Dust and Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Polymer","authors":"Hiader F. Abbas, Alaa H. Abed","doi":"10.29194/njes.26020124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.26020124","url":null,"abstract":"Utilization of additives can be an effective way to improve the durability and performance of HMA, making them more resistant to Moisture and deformation. Plus, they can reduce the need for maintenance and repairs, saving you time and money in the long run. In this study, CKD was used in place of limestone as a filler in the asphalt mixture in proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, and polymer SBS 4%by weight of asphalt. According to the findings, replacement-content CKD had the highest asphalt content. When the CKD is between 25% and 50%, Stability, Flow, and Indirect Tensile Strength are improved, while the density of the asphalt mixture decreases and the amount of air voids increases at higher ratios. While SBS leads to an increase in the hardness of the adhesives. As a consequence, the stability of the SBS-containing mixes resulted in higher values than the control and additive-containing mixtures (CKD), as well as a decrease in the number of air voids. According to the results, CKD should not constitute more than half of the filler weight in the asphalt mixture.","PeriodicalId":7470,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85418291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rasha Mohammed Hussein, Sameh Fareed Hasan, Ayad M. Takhakh, Mohsin Abdullah Al-Shammari
The most important way for joining the non-welding aluminum alloy is Friction stir spot welding. Three parameters effect on efficiency of welding: tool shape, rotational speed, and plunged time, are chosen to study for welding 6061T6 aluminum alloy. Each of the above parameters has three variables as: pin shapes (square, cylinder, and hexagonal), plunged time (50, 70,100) sec and rotational speeds (710, 1120, 1800) rpm hybrid approach which is consist of the experiment run, neural network and social spider optimization is used to optimize the welding conditions by finding the maximum ultimate force. The best condition of the weldments is (square, 710rpm, 100sec) with maximum shear force 4740N. The best results obtained from hybrid optimization with experimental results; with discrepancy of 2%.
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