Will Skinner, Paula G Saiz, Ander Reizabal, Jeff Plumley, Paul Dalton, Keat Ghee Ong
Magnetoelastic sensors, which are wirelessly activated and interrogated via magnetic fields, have gained popularity for monitoring physical parameters such as mass loading and stress. The functionalization of the sensor surface has facilitated the development of biosensing devices with the capacity to monitor chemical/biological quantities such as liquid pH, bacteria, and cells growth in biological environments. In this study, melt Electrowriting (MEW) is used for the first time to integrate user-defined microstructures onto the surface of magnetoelastic sensors, aiming to enhance their cell growth monitoring performance. Specifically, MEW is used to define specific topographies on the sensor surface, which enable custom control of attachment, distribution, and alignment of cells along the sensor surface. This technique holds potential for engineering tissues with predefined physical structures, as well as for the development of advanced monitoring systems for tracking the growth of adherent cells in real-time.
{"title":"Integration of Melt Electrowritten Microfibers with Magnetoelastic Sensors for Continuous Monitoring of Cell Growth","authors":"Will Skinner, Paula G Saiz, Ander Reizabal, Jeff Plumley, Paul Dalton, Keat Ghee Ong","doi":"10.1039/d4sd00039k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sd00039k","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetoelastic sensors, which are wirelessly activated and interrogated via magnetic fields, have gained popularity for monitoring physical parameters such as mass loading and stress. The functionalization of the sensor surface has facilitated the development of biosensing devices with the capacity to monitor chemical/biological quantities such as liquid pH, bacteria, and cells growth in biological environments. In this study, melt Electrowriting (MEW) is used for the first time to integrate user-defined microstructures onto the surface of magnetoelastic sensors, aiming to enhance their cell growth monitoring performance. Specifically, MEW is used to define specific topographies on the sensor surface, which enable custom control of attachment, distribution, and alignment of cells along the sensor surface. This technique holds potential for engineering tissues with predefined physical structures, as well as for the development of advanced monitoring systems for tracking the growth of adherent cells in real-time.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140106854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gihoon Choi, Betty B. Mangadu, Yooli K. Light, Robert J. Meagher
Cytokines and acute-phase proteins are promising biomarkers for inflammatory disease. Despite its potential, early diagnosis based on these biomarkers remains challenging without technology enabling highly sensitive protein detection immediately after sample collection, because of the low abundance and short half-life of these proteins in bodily fluids. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a gold-standard method for such protein analysis, but it often requires labor-intensive and time-consuming sample handling and as well as a bulky benchtop platereader, limiting its utility in the clinical site. We developed a portable microfluidic immunoassay device capable of sensitive, quantitative, and high-throughput protein detection at point-of-need. The portable microfluidic system performs eight magnetic bead-based sandwich immunoassays from raw samples in 40 min. An innovative bead actuation strategy was incorporated into the system to automate multiple sample handling steps with minimal user intervention. The device enables quantitative protein analysis with picomolar sensitivity, as demonstrated using human samples spiked with interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. The affinity-based assays are highly specific to the target without cross-reactivity. Therefore, we envision the reported device offering ultrasensitive and field-deployable immunoassay tests for timely and accurate clinical diagnosis.
细胞因子和急性期蛋白是很有前景的炎症性疾病生物标记物。尽管这些生物标记物很有潜力，但如果没有能在采集样本后立即进行高灵敏度蛋白质检测的技术，基于这些生物标记物的早期诊断仍然具有挑战性，因为这些蛋白质在体液中的丰度低、半衰期短。酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）是此类蛋白质分析的黄金标准方法，但它通常需要耗费大量人力和时间处理样本，还需要笨重的台式平板检测仪，因此限制了它在临床中的应用。我们开发了一种便携式微流控免疫测定装置，能够在需要时进行灵敏、定量和高通量的蛋白质检测。该便携式微流控系统可在 40 分钟内对原始样本进行 8 次磁珠夹心免疫测定。该系统采用了一种创新的磁珠驱动策略，可自动执行多个样品处理步骤，用户干预极少。该设备能以皮摩尔级的灵敏度进行蛋白质定量分析，使用添加了白细胞介素-6 和 C 反应蛋白的人体样本进行了验证。基于亲和力的检测对目标物具有高度特异性，不会产生交叉反应。因此，我们设想所报告的设备可提供超灵敏、可现场部署的免疫测定测试，以便及时准确地进行临床诊断。
{"title":"Portable microfluidic immunoassay platform for the detection of inflammatory protein biomarkers","authors":"Gihoon Choi, Betty B. Mangadu, Yooli K. Light, Robert J. Meagher","doi":"10.1039/d3sd00258f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3sd00258f","url":null,"abstract":"Cytokines and acute-phase proteins are promising biomarkers for inflammatory disease. Despite its potential, early diagnosis based on these biomarkers remains challenging without technology enabling highly sensitive protein detection immediately after sample collection, because of the low abundance and short half-life of these proteins in bodily fluids. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a gold-standard method for such protein analysis, but it often requires labor-intensive and time-consuming sample handling and as well as a bulky benchtop platereader, limiting its utility in the clinical site. We developed a portable microfluidic immunoassay device capable of sensitive, quantitative, and high-throughput protein detection at point-of-need. The portable microfluidic system performs eight magnetic bead-based sandwich immunoassays from raw samples in 40 min. An innovative bead actuation strategy was incorporated into the system to automate multiple sample handling steps with minimal user intervention. The device enables quantitative protein analysis with picomolar sensitivity, as demonstrated using human samples spiked with interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. The affinity-based assays are highly specific to the target without cross-reactivity. Therefore, we envision the reported device offering ultrasensitive and field-deployable immunoassay tests for timely and accurate clinical diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140074139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristine Y Ma, Mireia Perera Gonzalez, Nicole I Langlois, Owen Alzubi, Joseph D. Guimond, Chris Flask, Heather A Clark
Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (CA) are widely used to enhance anatomical details in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Significant research has expanded the field of CAs into bioresponsive CAs by modulating the signal to image and monitor biochemical processes, such as pH. In this work, we introduce the modular, dynamic actuation mechanism of DNA-based nanostructures as a new way to modulate the MRI signal based on rotational correlation time, τR. We combined a pH-responsive oligonucleotide (i-motif) and a clinical standard CA (Gd-DOTA), to develop a pH-responsive MRI CA. The i-motif folds into a quadruplex in acidic conditions and was incorporated onto gold nanoparticles (iM-GNP) to achieve increased relaxivity, r1, compared to unbound i-motif. In vitro, iM-GNP resulted in a significant increase in r1 over a decreasing pH range (7.5 - 4.5) with a calculated pKa = 5.88 ± 0.01 and a 16.7% change per 0.1 pH unit. In comparison, a control CA with a non-responsive DNA strand (T33-GNP) did not show a significant change in r1 over the same pH range. The iM-GNP were further evaluated in 20% human serum and demonstrated a 28.14 ± 11.2 % increase in signal form neutral pH to acidic pH. This approach paves a path for novel programmable, dynamic DNA-based complexes for τR-modulated bioresponsive MRI CAs.
{"title":"pH-responsive i-motif-conjugated nanoparticles for MRI analysis","authors":"Kristine Y Ma, Mireia Perera Gonzalez, Nicole I Langlois, Owen Alzubi, Joseph D. Guimond, Chris Flask, Heather A Clark","doi":"10.1039/d3sd00285c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3sd00285c","url":null,"abstract":"Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (CA) are widely used to enhance anatomical details in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Significant research has expanded the field of CAs into bioresponsive CAs by modulating the signal to image and monitor biochemical processes, such as pH. In this work, we introduce the modular, dynamic actuation mechanism of DNA-based nanostructures as a new way to modulate the MRI signal based on rotational correlation time, τR. We combined a pH-responsive oligonucleotide (i-motif) and a clinical standard CA (Gd-DOTA), to develop a pH-responsive MRI CA. The i-motif folds into a quadruplex in acidic conditions and was incorporated onto gold nanoparticles (iM-GNP) to achieve increased relaxivity, r1, compared to unbound i-motif. In vitro, iM-GNP resulted in a significant increase in r1 over a decreasing pH range (7.5 - 4.5) with a calculated pKa = 5.88 ± 0.01 and a 16.7% change per 0.1 pH unit. In comparison, a control CA with a non-responsive DNA strand (T33-GNP) did not show a significant change in r1 over the same pH range. The iM-GNP were further evaluated in 20% human serum and demonstrated a 28.14 ± 11.2 % increase in signal form neutral pH to acidic pH. This approach paves a path for novel programmable, dynamic DNA-based complexes for τR-modulated bioresponsive MRI CAs.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a reversible and reusable fluorescent material possessing excellent durability for detecting and visualizing moisture and water droplets, we have designed and synthesized a PET (photo-induced electron transfer)-type fluorescent monomer KT-2 composed of anthracene fluorophore-(aminomethyl)-4-cyanophenylboronic acid pinacol ester (AminoMeCNPhenylBPin) with 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl group on the Amino moiety and achieved preparation of the drop-casted poly(KT-2-co-TEOS or GPTMS)silsesquioxane (SQ) films on glass substrate via the sol−gel reaction of KT-2 and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS). KT-2 exhibited enhancement of the fluorescence emission with the increase in water content in various solvents (less polar, polar, protic, and aprotic solvents) due to the formation of the PET inactive (fluorescent) species KT-2W by the interaction with water molecules. The detection limit (DL) of KT-2 for water in the low water content region below 1.0 wt% in the solvents was 0.015−0.020 wt%, indicating that KT-2 can act as a PET-type fluorescent sensor for a trace amount of water in solvents. Indeed, it was found that the poly(KT-2-co-TEOS or GPTMS)SQ films exhibited a reversible fluorescence off–on switching between the PET active state under a drying process and the PET inactive state under a wet process. Actually, the poly(KT-2-co-TEOS or GPTMS)SQ films initially exhibited a feeble blue emission under a drying process but visually apparent blue emission upon exposure to moisture (under a wet process). In particular, the poly(KT-2-co-TEOS)SQ film displays superior reversible switching performance with a huge change in the fluorescent intensity in the dry–wet process compared with the poly(KT-2-co-GPTMS)SQ film. This result is attributed to the fact based on the measurements of water contact angles and the roughness on the film surfaces that the poly(KT-2-co-TEOS)SQ film with a pitted uneven structure has large amount of KT-2 units on the surface which make it possible to form the PET inactive KT-2W structure by the interaction with water molecule. Herein we propose that PET-type fluorescent sensor-immobilized glass substrates are one of the most promising and convenient functional dye materials based on a fluorescence off–on switching system for detecting and visualizing moisture and water droplets.
作为一种可逆、可重复使用的荧光材料，它具有良好的耐久性，可用于检测和观察湿气和水滴、我们设计并合成了一种 PET（光诱导电子转移）型荧光单体 KT-2，该单体由蒽荧光团-（氨基甲基）-4-氰基苯硼酸频哪醇酯（AminoMeCNPhenylBPin）组成，氨基上带有 3-（三乙氧基硅基）丙基。(通过 KT-2 和四乙氧基硅烷（TEOS）或（3-缩水甘油氧丙基）三甲氧基硅烷（GPTMS）的溶胶-凝胶反应，在玻璃基底上制备出滴铸型聚（KT-2-co-TEOS 或 GPTMS）硅烷基二氧杂环戊烷（SQ）薄膜。）KT-2 在各种溶剂（弱极性溶剂、极性溶剂、质子溶剂和非质子溶剂）中的荧光发射随着含水量的增加而增强，这是由于与水分子的相互作用形成了 PET 非活性（荧光）物种 KT-2W。在溶剂中水份含量低于 1.0 wt% 的低水份含量区域，KT-2 对水份的检测限 (DL) 为 0.015-0.020 wt%，这表明 KT-2 可作为 PET 型荧光传感器检测溶剂中的痕量水份。事实上，研究发现聚（KT-2-co-TEOS 或 GPTMS）SQ 薄膜在干燥过程中的 PET 活性态和潮湿过程中的 PET 非活性态之间表现出可逆的荧光开关切换。实际上，在干燥过程中，聚（KT-2-co-TEOS 或 GPTMS）SQ 薄膜最初只发出微弱的蓝色荧光，而在受潮后（在湿润过程中）则发出明显的蓝色荧光。特别是，与聚(KT-2-co-GPTMS)SQ 薄膜相比，聚(KT-2-co-TEOS)SQ 薄膜在干湿过程中的荧光强度变化巨大，显示出卓越的可逆切换性能。这一结果归因于根据水接触角和薄膜表面粗糙度的测量结果得出的事实，即具有凹凸不平结构的聚(KT-2-co-TEOS)SQ 薄膜表面有大量的 KT-2 单元，这些单元通过与水分子的相互作用形成了 PET 非活性 KT-2W 结构。我们在此提出，基于荧光开关系统的 PET 型荧光传感器固定化玻璃基板是一种最有前景、最方便的功能性染料材料，可用于检测和观察湿气和水滴。
{"title":"Anthracene-(aminomethyl)phenylboronic acid ester-immobilized glass substrate as fluorescent sensing materials based on photo-induced electron transfer for detection and visualization of water","authors":"Kazuki Tao, Keiichi Imato, Yousuke Ooyama","doi":"10.1039/d3sd00264k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3sd00264k","url":null,"abstract":"As a reversible and reusable fluorescent material possessing excellent durability for detecting and visualizing moisture and water droplets, we have designed and synthesized a PET (photo-induced electron transfer)-type fluorescent monomer <strong>KT-2</strong> composed of anthracene fluorophore-(aminomethyl)-4-cyanophenylboronic acid pinacol ester (AminoMeCNPhenylBPin) with 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl group on the Amino moiety and achieved preparation of the drop-casted <strong>poly(KT-2-<em>co</em>-TEOS</strong> or <strong>GPTMS)</strong>silsesquioxane (<strong>SQ</strong>) films on glass substrate via the sol−gel reaction of <strong>KT-2</strong> and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS). <strong>KT-2</strong> exhibited enhancement of the fluorescence emission with the increase in water content in various solvents (less polar, polar, protic, and aprotic solvents) due to the formation of the PET inactive (fluorescent) species <strong>KT-2W</strong> by the interaction with water molecules. The detection limit (DL) of <strong>KT-2</strong> for water in the low water content region below 1.0 wt% in the solvents was 0.015−0.020 wt%, indicating that <strong>KT-2</strong> can act as a PET-type fluorescent sensor for a trace amount of water in solvents. Indeed, it was found that the <strong>poly(KT-2-<em>co</em>-TEOS</strong> or <strong>GPTMS)SQ</strong> films exhibited a reversible fluorescence off–on switching between the PET active state under a drying process and the PET inactive state under a wet process. Actually, the <strong>poly(KT-2-<em>co</em>-TEOS</strong> or <strong>GPTMS)SQ</strong> films initially exhibited a feeble blue emission under a drying process but visually apparent blue emission upon exposure to moisture (under a wet process). In particular, the <strong>poly(KT-2-<em>co</em>-TEOS)SQ</strong> film displays superior reversible switching performance with a huge change in the fluorescent intensity in the dry–wet process compared with the <strong>poly(KT-2-<em>co</em>-GPTMS)SQ</strong> film. This result is attributed to the fact based on the measurements of water contact angles and the roughness on the film surfaces that the <strong>poly(KT-2-<em>co</em>-TEOS)SQ</strong> film with a pitted uneven structure has large amount of <strong>KT-2</strong> units on the surface which make it possible to form the PET inactive <strong>KT-2W</strong> structure by the interaction with water molecule. Herein we propose that PET-type fluorescent sensor-immobilized glass substrates are one of the most promising and convenient functional dye materials based on a fluorescence off–on switching system for detecting and visualizing moisture and water droplets.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140046083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recurring occurrence of infectious disease outbreaks with accompanying complications as lethal as co-morbidity challenges, antibiotic resistance etc. have continuously been exposing the bottlenecks due to non-availability of diagnostic tests that are accurate yet low-cost, scalable, accessible, user-friendly and may be deployed in constrained-resource settings. The gold-standard nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are technologically robust but bottlenecked by the requirements of expensive equipment, high-end infrastructure, stringent process-control and expert technicians – all of which are scarce at remote locations. This article provides a treatise on the developments and recent advancements of simplified variants of these tests that carry their promises of being deployable at the grass-root level. Various aspects of technology disruptions, ranging from sample-management, test-protocol and device-design innovations including disease-tracking wearables to the infusion of data-sciences are discussed and their current restrictions are emphasized. The aspects of covering massive geographical areas and large populations all at once, inclusive aspects accommodating humans and their environment in a connected manner are also brought in perspective. Emphasize is laid on transformational considerations such as innovations to take care of the scarcity of power supply, storage and environmental control, expert personnel, materials supply chain and other bottlenecks compounding to strong barriers in accessibility and affordability of the diagnostic test. Finally, it is highlighted that the core technological considerations take care of only one aspect of the intervention, whereas more holistic aspects such as measures in overcoming social barriers, ensuring due protection of individual patient’s data (security and privacy) and adhering to ethical norms for clinical trials and validation, connectivity with the livelihood of challenged communities including underprivileged women, interlacing with sustainability issues and employment creation may often turn out to be even more imperative considerations for lab-to-field adaptation. It is envisaged that this inclusive paradigm appears to be the future of infectious disease management, catering the underserved, with no with no differential treatment of the rich and the poor.
{"title":"Democratizing Nucleic Acid based Molecular Diagnostic tests for Infectious Diseases at Resource-Limited Settings – from Point of Care to Extreme Point of Care","authors":"Suman Chakraborty","doi":"10.1039/d3sd00304c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3sd00304c","url":null,"abstract":"Recurring occurrence of infectious disease outbreaks with accompanying complications as lethal as co-morbidity challenges, antibiotic resistance etc. have continuously been exposing the bottlenecks due to non-availability of diagnostic tests that are accurate yet low-cost, scalable, accessible, user-friendly and may be deployed in constrained-resource settings. The gold-standard nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are technologically robust but bottlenecked by the requirements of expensive equipment, high-end infrastructure, stringent process-control and expert technicians – all of which are scarce at remote locations. This article provides a treatise on the developments and recent advancements of simplified variants of these tests that carry their promises of being deployable at the grass-root level. Various aspects of technology disruptions, ranging from sample-management, test-protocol and device-design innovations including disease-tracking wearables to the infusion of data-sciences are discussed and their current restrictions are emphasized. The aspects of covering massive geographical areas and large populations all at once, inclusive aspects accommodating humans and their environment in a connected manner are also brought in perspective. Emphasize is laid on transformational considerations such as innovations to take care of the scarcity of power supply, storage and environmental control, expert personnel, materials supply chain and other bottlenecks compounding to strong barriers in accessibility and affordability of the diagnostic test. Finally, it is highlighted that the core technological considerations take care of only one aspect of the intervention, whereas more holistic aspects such as measures in overcoming social barriers, ensuring due protection of individual patient’s data (security and privacy) and adhering to ethical norms for clinical trials and validation, connectivity with the livelihood of challenged communities including underprivileged women, interlacing with sustainability issues and employment creation may often turn out to be even more imperative considerations for lab-to-field adaptation. It is envisaged that this inclusive paradigm appears to be the future of infectious disease management, catering the underserved, with no with no differential treatment of the rich and the poor.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140009235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Roussakis, Juan Pedro Cascales, Dor Yoeli, Alexis Cralley, Avery Goss, Anna Wiatrowski, Maia Carvalho, Hunter B. Moore, Ernest E. Moore, Christene A. Huang and Conor L. Evans
Integration of physiological sensing modalities within tissue and organ perfusion systems is becoming a steadily expanding field of research, aimed at achieving technological breakthrough innovations that will expand the sites and clinical settings at which such systems can be used. This is becoming possible in part due to the advancement of user-friendly optical sensors in recent years, which rely both on synthetic, luminescent sensor molecules and inexpensive, low-power electronic components for device engineering. In this article we report a novel approach towards enabling automated, continuous monitoring of oxygenation during ex vivo organ perfusion, by combining versatile flow cell components and low-power, programmable electronic readout devices. The sensing element comprises a 3D printed, miniature flow cell with tubing connectors and an affixed oxygen-sensing thin film material containing in-house developed, brightly-emitting metalloporphyrin phosphor molecules embedded within a polymer matrix. Proof-of-concept validation of this technology is demonstrated through integration within the tubing circuit of a transportable medical device for hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion of extracted kidneys as a model for organs to be preserved as transplants.
{"title":"Versatile, in-line optical oxygen tension sensors for continuous monitoring during ex vivo kidney perfusion†","authors":"Emmanuel Roussakis, Juan Pedro Cascales, Dor Yoeli, Alexis Cralley, Avery Goss, Anna Wiatrowski, Maia Carvalho, Hunter B. Moore, Ernest E. Moore, Christene A. Huang and Conor L. Evans","doi":"10.1039/D3SD00240C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3SD00240C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Integration of physiological sensing modalities within tissue and organ perfusion systems is becoming a steadily expanding field of research, aimed at achieving technological breakthrough innovations that will expand the sites and clinical settings at which such systems can be used. This is becoming possible in part due to the advancement of user-friendly optical sensors in recent years, which rely both on synthetic, luminescent sensor molecules and inexpensive, low-power electronic components for device engineering. In this article we report a novel approach towards enabling automated, continuous monitoring of oxygenation during <em>ex vivo</em> organ perfusion, by combining versatile flow cell components and low-power, programmable electronic readout devices. The sensing element comprises a 3D printed, miniature flow cell with tubing connectors and an affixed oxygen-sensing thin film material containing in-house developed, brightly-emitting metalloporphyrin phosphor molecules embedded within a polymer matrix. Proof-of-concept validation of this technology is demonstrated through integration within the tubing circuit of a transportable medical device for hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion of extracted kidneys as a model for organs to be preserved as transplants.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/sd/d3sd00240c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139979626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Early detection of cancers is key to a better prognosis. Advanced proteomics and genomic detection techniques offer great specificity and sensitivity, however, delayed symptomatic detection, cost, and patient-incompliant sample procurement limit routine cancer diagnosis, thus affecting treatment opportunities and patient survival. The revolutionary impact of paper-based COVID-19 antigen home test kits highlighted the importance of affordable routine diagnosis in tackling pandemics. Therefore, inexpensive, user-friendly, and sensitive paper-based biosensors can prove to be a game changer in the management of cancer. Even though the fabrication of paper-based biosensors is easy and inexpensive, their compromised sensitivity requires significant improvement for effective diagnosis. This review comprehensively and systemically focuses on highlighting the impactful advancements that occurred over the past 10 years to improve the sensitivity at different levels of paper-based detection i.e. advancements in paper chemistry, assay type, detection technique, and signal enhancement. A detailed focus has also been provided on the impact of advanced nanomaterials (classified into inorganic, organic, and amalgamation of both) in enhancing analyte detection, signal amplification, signal transmission, and signal readout to develop point-of-care systems with fast interpretation, better reliability, specificity, biocompatibility, and low detection limits for the early paper-based detection of cancer. Moreover, a specific section on the types of samples employed for cancer detection, comprehensive tabulation of validated biosensors with clinical samples, their current challenges, and future prospects can help disseminate extensive information in driving the research forward in low-cost diagnosis of cancer.
{"title":"Paper-based Point of Care Diagnostics for Cancer Biomarkers","authors":"Prateek Bhardwaj, Bharti Arora, Survanshu Saxena, Subhasini Singh, Pranoti Palkar, Jayant Sastri Goda, Rinti Banerjee","doi":"10.1039/d3sd00340j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3sd00340j","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection of cancers is key to a better prognosis. Advanced proteomics and genomic detection techniques offer great specificity and sensitivity, however, delayed symptomatic detection, cost, and patient-incompliant sample procurement limit routine cancer diagnosis, thus affecting treatment opportunities and patient survival. The revolutionary impact of paper-based COVID-19 antigen home test kits highlighted the importance of affordable routine diagnosis in tackling pandemics. Therefore, inexpensive, user-friendly, and sensitive paper-based biosensors can prove to be a game changer in the management of cancer. Even though the fabrication of paper-based biosensors is easy and inexpensive, their compromised sensitivity requires significant improvement for effective diagnosis. This review comprehensively and systemically focuses on highlighting the impactful advancements that occurred over the past 10 years to improve the sensitivity at different levels of paper-based detection i.e. advancements in paper chemistry, assay type, detection technique, and signal enhancement. A detailed focus has also been provided on the impact of advanced nanomaterials (classified into inorganic, organic, and amalgamation of both) in enhancing analyte detection, signal amplification, signal transmission, and signal readout to develop point-of-care systems with fast interpretation, better reliability, specificity, biocompatibility, and low detection limits for the early paper-based detection of cancer. Moreover, a specific section on the types of samples employed for cancer detection, comprehensive tabulation of validated biosensors with clinical samples, their current challenges, and future prospects can help disseminate extensive information in driving the research forward in low-cost diagnosis of cancer.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad A. Ali, Shengqiang Fan, Paul L. Burn, Ian R. Gentle, Paul E. Shaw
We have studied the use of fluorescent dendrimer thin films for the detection of nitro-aromatic analogues of and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in water. The fluorescent sensing material used was a dendrimer composed of first-generation biphenyl dendrons, a 9,9,9′,9′-tetra-n-propyl substituted 2,2′-bifluorene core, and 2-ethylhexyloxy surface groups. The dendrimer had a solid state photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 49 ± 5% and was insoluble in water. Exposing the film to a nitro-aromatic analyte in water (including seawater) led to a rapid decrease in the fluorescence intensity. The decrease in fluorescence intensity arose from photoinduced electron transfer from the fluorescent dendrimer to the nitroaromatic analyte, with the process being reversible. That is, in the presence of the nitroaromatics the fluorescence was quenched, but on removal of the analyte, the fluorescence was restored. We have also developed a simple paper-based test strip that can be used for detection of the nitro-aromatic analytes in water. Dropping an aqueous solution of 2,4-dinitrotoluene or TNT onto the dendrimer-embedded paper strip led to a rapid visual decrease in the fluorescence intensity. The decrease in intensity could be compared to a standard card to determine the concentration, with the limit of detection using a phone camera being around 0.2 ppm. False positives were not observed when the dendrimer-embedded paper strips were exposed to a range of metal cations or different counteranions at concentrations much greater than are typically found in sea or freshwater.
{"title":"Real-time detection of TNT analogues in water using fluorescent dendrimer films","authors":"Mohammad A. Ali, Shengqiang Fan, Paul L. Burn, Ian R. Gentle, Paul E. Shaw","doi":"10.1039/d3sd00231d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3sd00231d","url":null,"abstract":"We have studied the use of fluorescent dendrimer thin films for the detection of nitro-aromatic analogues of and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (<strong>TNT</strong>) in water. The fluorescent sensing material used was a dendrimer composed of first-generation biphenyl dendrons, a 9,9,9′,9′-tetra-<em>n</em>-propyl substituted 2,2′-bifluorene core, and 2-ethylhexyloxy surface groups. The dendrimer had a solid state photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 49 ± 5% and was insoluble in water. Exposing the film to a nitro-aromatic analyte in water (including seawater) led to a rapid decrease in the fluorescence intensity. The decrease in fluorescence intensity arose from photoinduced electron transfer from the fluorescent dendrimer to the nitroaromatic analyte, with the process being reversible. That is, in the presence of the nitroaromatics the fluorescence was quenched, but on removal of the analyte, the fluorescence was restored. We have also developed a simple paper-based test strip that can be used for detection of the nitro-aromatic analytes in water. Dropping an aqueous solution of 2,4-dinitrotoluene or <strong>TNT</strong> onto the dendrimer-embedded paper strip led to a rapid visual decrease in the fluorescence intensity. The decrease in intensity could be compared to a standard card to determine the concentration, with the limit of detection using a phone camera being around 0.2 ppm. False positives were not observed when the dendrimer-embedded paper strips were exposed to a range of metal cations or different counteranions at concentrations much greater than are typically found in sea or freshwater.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139920193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluorescent molecular rotors incorporating julolidine have found diverse applications in various fields. Recently, researchers have explored their utility in polymerization, metal ion detection, self-assembly, aggregation, and the detection of proteins and nucleic acid. These julolidine-based molecular rotors primarily serve as fluorescent turn-on probes, showcasing their effectiveness in sensing local environmental properties such as polarity, pH, viscosity, protein folding, and misfolding. This comprehensive review covers an array of julolidine-based fluorescent molecular rotors, along with their pertinent uses in the field of biological research and monitoring changes in the microenvironment through solvent dielectric constant, viscosity, self-assembled polymers, and submicrometer-sized membrane-bound compartments in live cellular systems. The discourse supports ongoing research concerning their diverse applications and provides a forward-looking perspective on their potential advancements.
{"title":"Julolidine-based Fluorescent Molecular Rotor: Versatile Tool for Sensing and Diagnose","authors":"Nabashree Chakraborty, Akshay Silswal, Apurba Lal Koner","doi":"10.1039/d3sd00334e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3sd00334e","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescent molecular rotors incorporating julolidine have found diverse applications in various fields. Recently, researchers have explored their utility in polymerization, metal ion detection, self-assembly, aggregation, and the detection of proteins and nucleic acid. These julolidine-based molecular rotors primarily serve as fluorescent turn-on probes, showcasing their effectiveness in sensing local environmental properties such as polarity, pH, viscosity, protein folding, and misfolding. This comprehensive review covers an array of julolidine-based fluorescent molecular rotors, along with their pertinent uses in the field of biological research and monitoring changes in the microenvironment through solvent dielectric constant, viscosity, self-assembled polymers, and submicrometer-sized membrane-bound compartments in live cellular systems. The discourse supports ongoing research concerning their diverse applications and provides a forward-looking perspective on their potential advancements.","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139920219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Greta Bergamaschi, Roberto Frigerio, Angelo Musicò, Giulia Lodigiani, Paola Gagni, Riccardo Vago, Marina Cretich and Alessandro Gori
In the present work, we report a proof-of-concept application of a composite Aga-Q3 hydrogel for the gentle confinement and analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) on microarray analytical platforms. Thanks to their peculiar functional properties, our 3D microdroplets are suitable to phenotype EVs with specific anti-surface antigen bioprobes, including antibodies and peptides.
{"title":"Extracellular vesicle analysis in supramolecular 3D hydrogels: a proof-of-concept†","authors":"Greta Bergamaschi, Roberto Frigerio, Angelo Musicò, Giulia Lodigiani, Paola Gagni, Riccardo Vago, Marina Cretich and Alessandro Gori","doi":"10.1039/D3SD00313B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3SD00313B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the present work, we report a proof-of-concept application of a composite Aga-Q3 hydrogel for the gentle confinement and analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) on microarray analytical platforms. Thanks to their peculiar functional properties, our 3D microdroplets are suitable to phenotype EVs with specific anti-surface antigen bioprobes, including antibodies and peptides.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/sd/d3sd00313b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139920116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：