American Journal of Health Promotion最新文献

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of a culturally targeted lifestyle course on the dietary and weight outcomes of Asian Americans.

Design: This was an observational study of participants for a culturally targeted lifestyle course taught online by a Nutrition Scientist and Board-Certified Holistic Health Practitioner.

Setting: From 2021 to 2022, 284 participants were recruited through 4 community organizations in Texas and completed the informed consent.

Subjects: 140 Chinese Americans finished 3 surveys before, after, and 6 months after the course.

Measures: Participants' fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed using the questionnaire from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and their physical activities were evaluated by the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire.

Analysis: We conducted repeated measures ANOVA to compare participants' dietary and weight outcomes before, after, and 6 months after the course. Paired t-tests were performed to investigate how the outcomes differed from the baseline.

Results: The participants' weights and BMI values at the 6-month follow-up were significantly lower than the baseline, though the changes were not significant immediately after the course. Rice consumption dropped significantly both after the class and at the 6-month follow-up. Participants also significantly reduced their intake of 100% juice and fried potatoes immediately after the class.

Conclusion: Community-based Participatory Approaches might be used to improve the dietary and weight outcomes of Asian Americans.

Purpose: Using evidence-based health communication campaigns (EBHCC) is critical for addressing disparities in tobacco-related health outcomes among LGBTQ+ populations; therefore, this study aimed to examine processes and supports for community-based organizations (CBOs) to integrate evidence-based solutions into practice using a design-for-dissemination framework.

Approach: Qualitative interviews were conducted.

Setting: CBOs serving LGBTQ+ populations.

Participants: 22 staff from U.S.-based CBOs participated in video interviews.

Method: We used reflexive thematic analysis to generate themes.

Results: 3 key themes included: (1) leaders perceived storytelling as a desirable and effective way to operationalize hyperlocal adaptation of content, particularly when in-group stories came from the community and included video content (which was perceived to maximize reach); (2) researcher participation in content production/delivery was seen as a compelling implementation strategy; and (3) these requested components were seen as adding value rather than as substitutions for text- and image-based EBHCC content.Adaptations envisioned by participants are associated with increased demand for limited resources (ie, requiring more time or financial resources), on the part of CBOs, the research team, or both. Researcher strategies were identified to support meeting CBOs' needs given these contextual constraints.

Conclusion: This research explores supports and processes requested by CBOs serving LGBTQ+ populations as part of the adaptations envisioned in implementing EBHCCs and highlights possible avenues to better meet CBOs' needs in effectively utilizing interventions.

Purpose: To evaluate how CRC screening practices differ between e-cigarette users and non-users.

Design: Cross-sectional study design.

Setting: National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5).

Subjects: Respondents aged 45 to 75 years.

Measures: Demographics, CRC screening, e-cigarette use, cancer history, presence of comorbidities, and access to a primary care provider.

Analysis: The demographic characteristics of the study participants were evaluated by their e-cigarette smoking status using chi-squared tests. The differences in CRC screening between e-cigarette users and non-users were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results: We identified a total of 6963 participants, of which 181 (2.6%) were e-cigarette users. The prevalence of e-cigarette use was inversely related to age. A significant portion were uninsured (10.7% vs 5.9% of non-users), and almost half (49.9%) were current tobacco smokers. E-cigarette users were as likely to undergo CRC screening compared to non-users [OR 1.40; 95% CI (0.74, 2.66)]. Increasing age, educational level, health insurance, comorbidity, access to a primary care provider, personal history of cancer, and presence of a comorbidity were associated with increased participation in CRC screening. However, e-cigarette use was not associated with increased screening.

Conclusion: Our study found no significant difference in CRC screening rates between e-cigarette users and non-users. While screening behaviors appear unaffected for now, ongoing surveillance is important as more users reach screening age given the uncertainties surrounding the long-term effects of e-cigarette use.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate gender differences in tobacco quit rates and weight gain among employees undergoing a cessation program with a health and wellness coach.

Design: This project was a retrospective observational study of an employee population.

Setting: All data were collected during health coaching sessions by nationally certified health coaches.

Subjects: 211 men and women (116 males, 95 females, age 51.3 ± 9.9 years) enrolled in a Tobacco cessation health coaching program (TCHC) between January 2020 and December 2021.

Measures: Data were compared between genders for quit rate, weight, body mass index (BMI), and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) usage across 12-month follow-ups.

Analysis: Descriptive statistics, repeated measures ANOVA, and independent samples t-test.

Results: Significantly more men than women successfully quit by the goal date set with their coach (P < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in tobacco use across 12 months, leading to the participant's quit date (P < 0.001). Women (Weight lost ± SD= 1.49 lbs. ±16.06 lbs.) lost significantly more weight than men (0.7 lbs. ± 8.5 lbs.; P < 0.001). NRT users lost significantly more weight than non-users (P = .007).

Conclusion: Health and wellness coaching was effective for participants to successfully stop tobacco use while in this program by their quit date. The coaching program also elicited weight loss while achieving smoking cessation for both men and women.

Objective: This systematic literature review's purpose was to examine the social factors (e.g., social network, social support, social interaction, loneliness, and social environmental factors) associated with PA among older adults.

Data source: Electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science) were used in this study.

Study inclusion and exclusion criteria: Studies published in English focusing on individuals aged 65+ that assess social and intrapersonal factors influencing PA, with quantitative data on these relationships, were included, regardless of the PA measurement method.

Data extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted data using a standardized form, capturing study design, sample size, participant characteristics, social factors assessed, and their relationship to PA behavior.

Data synthesis: A descriptive summary of study characteristics and methodological quality was conducted.

Results: 1560 articles were identified and 34 were included. Wider social networks, social support, social cohesion, social norms towards PA, and positive social interactions were positively associated with PA among older adults, whereas obstructive factors (e.g., loneliness and social isolation) of the social environment were negatively associated with PA.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that the social environment plays a strong role in determining PA levels among older adults. Interventions targeting PA enhancement in this population should prioritize strengthening social support and networks related to PA. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms through which social factors impact PA in older adults.

In 2022, an interdisciplinary team of subject matter experts was convened to substantially revise the Mass Media sector content of the National Physical Activity Plan. The updated version recognizes the rapid pace at which the media landscape is evolving and includes a new sector name (Media and Communications) and revised strategies and tactics that reflect progress in the development of a national physical activity campaign brand (Move Your Way ®). This commentary summarizes key changes and highlights the importance of ongoing collaboration between physical activity and media professionals to optimize promotion of physical activity through diverse channels.

Purpose: We explored intervention fidelity, participant satisfaction, and the goals and reminder strategies participants chose to reduce sitting.

Approach: Mixed methods approach leveraging data collected during study coaching and fidelity monitoring.

Setting: A successful 6-month randomized controlled trial of a sedentary behavior (SB) intervention for adults ≥60 years in Washington, USA.

Participants: N = 283 (140 intervention, 143 attention control); mean age 69, 66% women, 69% Non-Hispanic White.

Intervention: Theory-based SB reduction intervention structured around phone-based health coaching and goal setting. Attention control received equal coaching on non-SB health topics.

Method: Coaches tracked all participant goals, and 8% of visits were randomly observed and fidelity coded using a structured template. Participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire at study end. Goals data were qualitatively grouped by reminder strategy and topic. Fidelity and satisfaction data were summarized and compared by study arm using two-sided paired t-tests.

Results: Both participants' satisfaction (>90% satisfied, between-group P = .195) and coach fidelity to intervention content and techniques were high (96% sessions set SMART goals, P = .343) across both arms. Intervention participants primarily set goals leveraging outward (e.g., fitness band prompts) and habit (e.g., adding standing to a daily meal) reminder strategies highly tailored to individual preferences and lifestyle.

Conclusion: Participants' SB-related goals varied widely, suggesting tailored intervention approaches are important to change sitting behavior, particularly for older adults with chronic conditions.

Purpose: To determine the role of Health Behaviors and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in the relationship between Health and Academic Stress.

Design: A cross-sectional study with in-person administration of questionnaires.

Setting: Data collection took place at nine public and private universities in Peru, involving a diverse group of students from different faculties.

Sample: 1640 students, a majority of them female (61.8%), ranging in age between 18 and 30 years old (M = 20.72; SD = 2.22).

Measures: A sociodemographic form was used to collect participants' sociodemographic, academic, and health data. Academic stress was measured by the Inventory of Academic Stress (SISCO). Health habits were assessed using the University Students Lifestyle Questionnaire (CEVJU-Perú). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CER-Q) and the SF-36 Questionnaire were also used to evaluate cognitive emotion regulation strategies and health-related quality of life, respectively.

Results: The SEM model results (x²/df = 2.30, CFI = .95, RMSEA = .03, SRMR = .04) reveal that Academic Stress has direct and indirect effects on Health. Negative Emotional Regulation have a negative impact on Health, this effect is direct; while Positive Emotional Regulation has an effect on Health, this effect is direct and indirect, the latter is through Sleep Management, Physical Activity and Leisure Management. In addition, Academic Stress maintains a direct effect on only one health behavior, Sleep Management.

Conclusions: This study's findings contribute to a better understanding of the role played by emotion regulation, and by positive strategies in particular, in student health.

Purpose: Health care providers (HCP) are uniquely positioned to advise against electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, potentially influencing youth perceptions of e-cigarette harms. However, research examining these associations is scant. We examined whether HCP e-cigarette-related advice is associated with youth e-cigarette harm perceptions.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: National Youth Tobacco Survey data (2022).

Subjects: 21,254 youth aged 9-18 years.

Measures: E-cigarette harm perceptions (i.e., relative addictiveness, occasional use harm, and secondhand e-cigarette aerosol (SHA) harm) and HCP advice to abstain from using e-cigarettes (yes/no) were assessed.

Analysis: Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using multinomial logistic regression models.

Results: Among the sample, 33.9% perceived e-cigarettes as equally addictive to cigarettes, 39.9% perceived occasional e-cigarette use to cause a lot of harm, and 23.3% perceived SHA to cause a lot of harm. Youth who received HCP advice had higher odds of perceiving e-cigarettes as more addictive than cigarettes (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.35-2.00) and causing a lot of harm (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.16-1.90). Youth who received HCP advice had higher odds of perceiving SHA causing little harm (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.44).

Conclusion: HCP advice was associated with youth e-cigarette harm perceptions and perceptions that SHA causes little harm. HCP e-cigarette counseling may help inform understanding of harms, which may reduce or prevent use.

Purpose: We investigate how individuals with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) seek, access, and evaluate traditional and online sources they rely on for health information.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional survey analysis from the United States.

Setting: Pooled Health Information National Trends Survey surveys (2013-2019).

Subjects: The sample was comprised 15,316 respondents; 236/15,316 (1.54%) completed the survey in Spanish and 1727/14,734 (11.72%) had LEP (did not speak English "very well"). The sample was nationally representative across demographic categories.

Measures: Independent and dependent variables were self-reported using validated measures.

Analysis: Multivariable logistic regression models using jackknife replicate weights for population estimates.

Results: Adults with LEP were less confident in their capacity to access health information (aOR = 0.59, CI: 0.47-0.75) and had less trust in health information from medical professionals (aOR = 0.57,CI: 0.46-0.72) than English proficient (EP) adults. Although LEP and EP adults were both most likely to use the internet as their first source of information, LEP adults were more likely than EP adults to consult health professionals, print sources like books, news or brochures, family and friends, television and radio. Spanish language survey respondents were more likely to trust health information from government agencies (aOR = 1.99, CI: 1.09-3.62) and watch health-related videos on the internet than respondents who took the survey in English (aOR = 2.51, CI: 1.23-5.12).

Conclusion: Our results show how language barriers may contribute to health disparities experienced by linguistic minorities. Government agencies and health care organizations need to promote health information dissemination in underserved communities and may need to embrace the use of alternative information sources such as television, radio, and the internet to reach LEP populations.