American Journal of Health Promotion最新文献

PurposeExplore correlates of interest in and use of non-evidence-based practices (e.g., supplements, home remedies) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1s) for weight loss.DesignOnline cross-sectional survey.SettingHealthcare patients of a large academic health system in the Southeast United States.SamplePatients (N = 190) with BMI ≥30 kg/m².MeasuresInterest in and past use of non-evidence-based practices and GLP-1s for obesity, and psychosocial factors, such as distrust in pharmaceutical corporations, preference for naturalness (i.e., favoring approaches described as natural over conventional medications), and expected weight loss were measured.AnalysisBivariate associations and multivariable regressions.ResultsInterest in non-evidence-based practices was greater among women and Black/African American patients (P < 0.05) and positively associated with perception of social norms for use (P < 0.01) and weight loss expectations with use (P < 0.05). Past use of non-evidence-based practices was associated with greater pharmaceutical distrust (P < 0.05). Interest in GLP-1s was associated with lower education (P < 0.05) and naturalness preference (P < 0.01), and greater social norms (P < 0.001), weight risk perceptions, and weight loss expectations (P < 0.05). Past use of GLP-1s was associated with lower expected weight loss with GLP-1s (P < 0.05).ConclusionFindings can inform patient education to help steer patients towards evidence-based treatments and away from ineffective approaches.

ObjectiveThe systematic review examined the efficacy of theory-based and culturally tailored physical activity (PA) interventions for Hispanic adults.Data SourceA systematic search of Medline, PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL, APA PsychInfo, and SPORTDiscus.Study Inclusion and Exclusion CriteriaStudies published between May 2018 and May 2023 were included if they targeted Hispanic adults, incorporated PA as a primary outcome, and were conducted in the United States.MethodsScreening followed PRISMA guidelines and protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025630372). Titles and abstracts were reviewed independently by two researchers. Full-text review and data extraction captured sample characteristics, theoretical frameworks, intervention strategies, PA outcomes, and measurement tools.Data Extraction1139 articles were scrutinized, and 21 studies met the inclusion criteria.Data SynthesisExtracted variables included demographic characteristics, theoretical frameworks, intervention strategies, physical activity outcomes, and measurement tools.ResultsOf the 21 included studies, 13 reported statistically significant increases in physical activity, often ranging from 54 to 146 additional minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week. Interventions guided by theoretical frameworks, such as Social Cognitive Theory and the Transtheoretical Model, were more likely to demonstrate efficacy. Promotor-led and community-based programs yielded high engagement and improved outcomes, with some studies achieving step count increases of up to 9000 steps/day and 47% of participants meeting national PA guidelines. In contrast, 4 of the 6 studies lacking a theoretical framework showed no significant improvements. Common barriers included cultural norms, time constraints, and access limitations.ConclusionCulturally tailored and theory-based interventions, particularly those using promotores and community collaboration, are effective in increasing PA among Hispanic adults. Future research should prioritize larger sample sizes, integrate mixed assessment methods, recruit men and the elderly, and explore long-term sustainability. Expanding culturally relevant strategies can help reduce health disparities and improve outcomes in this growing demographic.

Although strategic partnerships are vital to improving health equity in underserved communities, multiple challenges often arise when developing successful partnerships. This article features a proven and practical 5Ps partnership model, which was shown to be effective in the work of the Maryland Area Health Education Center (MAHEC) health workforce programs. This 5Ps model - Probe, Participate, Present, Partner, and Praise - centers around key strategies including trust, shared purpose, and mutual benefits. By following these 5Ps, organizations can develop successful partnerships as described in the case studies on AHEC Scholars, Community Health Workers, and Healing Together Consortium/Certified Peer Recovery Specialists.

PurposeBowel cancer screening (BCS) is a critical preventive health measure. However, participation in BCS remains suboptimal in some populations. We aimed to examine the association between psychosocial factors and participation in bowel cancer screening among adults aged 45 years and above in Australia.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting and sampleOur study utilised longitudinal data from four waves of the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, comprising 29 334 person-year observations from 11 315 individuals.MeasuresWe employed social connection, social isolation, and community membership as proxies for psychosocial factors and explored their relationship with bowel cancer screening participation.AnalysisWe performed descriptive statistics and random-effects logistic regression. The relationships were also stratified by age groups and gender to highlight heterogeneous effects.ResultsAfter adjusting for various confounding factors, our findings demonstrated that high social connection (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]): 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06-1.22) and community membership (aOR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.15-1.32) were significantly and positively associated with participation in bowel cancer screening. Further stratified analysis revealed that this association was heterogeneous; the link between high social connection was significant for men (aOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06-1.30) but not for women. Additionally, while community membership served as a significant predictor across all age groups, the positive association with social connection was evident in adults aged 45 to 59 (aOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.27) and those aged 60 to 74 years (aOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.09-1.36).ConclusionOur study highlighted the role of psychosocial factors in influencing participation in bowel cancer screening. Our results suggest that public health policies should prioritise initiatives that promote social engagement and strengthen community ties.

PurposeThis study aimed to examine physical activity levels, sleep quality, and musculoskeletal discomfort in university students during the academic and exam periods.Approach or DesignA cross-sectional comparative design was used.SettingThe study was conducted at a University.ParticipantsA total of 227 (n = 199 female) undergraduate students participated.MethodData were collected face-to-face using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) during both periods. Daily sitting durations and preferred study postures were also recorded. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, with significance set at P < 0.05.ResultsDuring the exam period, musculoskeletal discomfort was highest in the back, lower back, and neck regions. PSQI scores showed worse subjective sleep quality, longer sleep latency, shorter duration, and increased disturbances during exams (P < 0.05). IPAQ-SF results indicated reduced physical activity and significantly increased daily sitting time in the exam period (P < 0.05).ConclusionUniversity students experience more musculoskeletal discomfort, poorer sleep quality, and decreased physical activity during exams. These findings highlight the need for preventive strategies during high-stress academic periods.

Compartmentalization is a self-preserving way of life for health care workers. The ability to walk from situation to situation without breaking down is vital to basic survival within the health care field. While often thought of as a healthy coping mechanism, compartmentalization requires us to borrow from our future selves in order to survive the past and present. This article introduces the concept of "Borrowed Energy" through a comparison with the beauty- and self-stealing themes seen in a recent award winning film and addresses how we must prioritize regenerating our energy in order to minimize the damage to ourselves.

PurposeAmerican Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) peoples face disproportionate health risks. Understanding how AI/ANs seek out information can inform effective campaigns design that can help address these risks. We investigate preferred communication sources, health information seeking behavior (HISB), self-efficacy, perceived importance of health information, and prevention orientation of American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs).DesignWe administered a survey at 3 cultural events.SettingThe National Tribal Health Conference in Bellevue, the University of Washington Winter and Spring Powwows in Seattle.SubjectsParticipants (N = 344) of the survey included people from tribes throughout the US, particularly from northwestern tribes.AnalysisIndependent samples t-tests and ANOVAs examined differences in HISB. Frequency analyses identified preferred health information. PROCESS tested the relationship between perceived importance and HISB, and moderation from prevention orientation and self-efficacy.ResultsPreferred health information source were doctor (M = 3.5), the internet (M = 3.32) and friends/relatives (M = 3.11). Females demonstrated more HISB than males (P < .01). Individuals with a college degree or higher showed greater HISB (P < .001). AI/ANs living on reservations (M = 2.34, SD = 1.53) preferred newspapers for health information more than those in metropolitan (M = 1.64, SD = .13) or rural areas (M = 1.45, SD = .16, P < .05). Perceived importance is a robust positive factor that predicts HISB (b = .48, t(315) = 9.67, P < .001).ConclusionThis study offers advice for scholars and practitioners to design messages to increase accessibility of health information.

PurposeTo evaluate the effect and sustainability of A1c reduction in a rural diabetes education program that integrates minimally time-consuming, ongoing outcome assessments and interventions guided by these assessments.DesignRetrospective pre-post studies in monthly cohorts.SettingA clinic in rural Wisconsin.SubjectsIndividuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who completed initial program visits between October 2023 and March 2024 (n = 86; monthly cohort sizes ranged from 10 to 18).InterventionA diabetes education program that incorporates minimally time-consuming, ongoing outcome assessments and guided interventions.MeasuresBaseline A1c values and the most recent A1c values by the end of months 7 and 13.AnalysisAt the practice level, average A1c reductions were calculated for each monthly cohort, and paired t-tests were used to assess statistical significance. At the individual level, A1c values were plotted to guide interventions.ResultsAll 6 monthly cohorts showed average A1c reductions between 1.0% and 2.4% at both the 7- and 13-month time points. Most reductions were statistically significant. Interventions guided by individual-level assessments appeared to support improved outcomes.ConclusionThis rural diabetes education program demonstrated sustained A1c improvement using practical, minimally resource-intensive outcome assessments and guided interventions. While the absence of a control group limits causal inference, this approach may offer a feasible model for chronic disease management in resource-limited settings.

PurposeThis study examined perceptions of a proposed US menthol cigarette ban among adults who smoke menthol cigarettes.DesignFocus group discussions.SettingVirtual focus groups with 7-9 participants each.Participants50 US adults (age 21+) who currently smoke menthol cigarettes participated in six focus groups: two with Black participants; two lesbian, gay, or bisexual participants; and two general population groups.MethodsEach 90-minute session was audio-recorded and transcribed. We used qualitative thematic analyses to examine participants' views on reasons for the ban and its potential impact on tobacco use, with a focus on differences across the three identity-based groups.ResultsMany participants, across all group types, believed the ban aimed to protect youth and future generations due to menthol's appeal and higher addictiveness. Some viewed the ban as government overreach, racially targeted, and economically or politically motivated. Several indicated they would seek menthol cigarettes through illicit markets that might emerge post-ban. Some considered switching to non-menthol cigarettes, vapes, or marijuana. However, several felt the ban could help them reduce smoking and quit entirely, citing non-menthol cigarettes' lower appeal and concerns about vaping's addictiveness and harms. Black participants expressed specific concerns about over-policing, racial profiling, community safety, and potential increases in crime related to menthol access.ConclusionsConcerns about over-policing and targeted enforcement align with tobacco industry narratives, illustrating the pervasiveness of negative industry messaging. Findings underscore the importance of proactive communication about the ban's public health goals, while addressing community concerns about policing and racial equity.

PurposeThis study examined how community violence and perceived stress relate to healthy eating intention.DesignCross-sectional analysis of online survey data.SettingUnited States.Subjects501 Black adults (age 18+).MeasuresRespondents self-reported information on their demographics, exposure to community violence [measured by the Self-Reported Exposure to Community Violence screener (SECV)], perceived stress (measured by the Perceived Stress Scale), and intention to eat healthfully in the next 2 months (measured by the Healthful Eating Belief scale).AnalysisMultivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between SECV, perceived stress, and intention to eat healthfully while controlling for demographics. An interaction term assessed the multiplicative effect of SECV and perceived stress.ResultsIndividuals in the highest quartile of SECV score had lower odds of intending to eat healthy than those in the lowest quartile (aOR:0.54; CI:0.30-0.96). Individuals in the highest perceived stress score tertile had lower odds of intending to eat healthy compared to those in the lowest tertile (aOR:0.53; CI:0.30-0.92). Individuals in the highest quartile of SECV score and highest tertile for perceived stress score had the lowest odds of intending to eat healthy (aOR:0.21; CI:0.08-0.55).ConclusionHigh SECV and perceived stress are associated with reduced odds of intending to eat healthy among Black adults. More research is needed to describe whether these factors influence dietary behavior.