American Journal of Health Promotion最新文献

Purpose: This study examined the use of behavioral design strategies to improve healthier food sales.

Design: A quasi-experimental, one-group, repeated measures design examined changes in food sales following behavioral design adjustments.

Setting: United States military base hospital dining facility.

Subjects: U.S. military service members, retirees, and civilian employees.

Intervention: Behavioral design changes included placement, layout, messaging, default healthy bundling, a stoplight rating system, strategic positioning of healthy items on menu boards, and an increase in healthier snacks.

Measures: Food sales were assessed by point-of-sales data.

Analysis: T-tests examined total sales of each food adjusted weekly between baseline and intervention and intervention and post-intervention. 16 food items targeted by the intervention were examined. Weekly food sales were calculated for the 18-week baseline, 18-week intervention, and 9-week post-intervention. Further, analysis estimated negative binomial models for food item sales.

Results: The hospital dining facility served 600 to 900 meals per day. Weekly foods sales decreased during the intervention for desserts, cooked starches, hummus, and yogurt (P < 0.01). Sales increased during the intervention for fruit cups, cooked vegetables, vegetable and turkey burgers, grilled chicken, packaged salads, French fries, hamburgers, and hot dogs (P < 0.02).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a mixture of behavioral design strategies can be operationalized with reasonable fidelity and can lead to increases in the sales of some healthy foods in military worksites.

Purpose: This study examined whether the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and self-rated health among adults in a nationally representative population is modified by age, sex, or race/ethnicity.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: United States.

Sample: Data from the 2020 and 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were obtained from 185 731 (weighted N = 47 862 016) persons 18 years or older.

Measures: The ACE cumulative score (range: 0-11) was calculated using 11 questions about childhood emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and household dysfunction before age 18 and classified as 0 (reference), 1, 2, 3, or ≥4. Self-rated health was divided into (excellent/very good/good [reference]) and suboptimal (fair/poor) categories.

Analysis: Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was conducted to test for the interaction with age, sex, and race/ethnicity with ACEs. After adjustment for potential confounders, an increasing number of ACEs had statistically significantly higher odds of suboptimal self-rated health in a graded manner except for 1 ACE (1 ACE: aOR:1.09; 95% CI: 1.00-1.20, 2 ACEs: 1.16; 1.03-1.30, 3 ACEs: 1.17; 1.03-1.32 and ≥4 ACEs: 1.39; 1.26-1.53). There was a significant interaction between ACEs and age. Younger age (18-24 years) had the strongest association for ≥4 ACEs compared to the older age groups. There was no effect modification by sex or race.

Conclusion: ACEs should be considered when creating health-promoting interventions to improve health.

Importance: To examine the associations of basic demographics (age, race, and gender identity) on alcohol consumption among college students at a mid-sized university.

Objective: To evaluate the drinking habits of students using the survey tool that will measure basic demographics to collect data.

Design: A cross-sectional study that included college students ages 17-21 at Columbus State University in the fall of 2021.

Setting: Columbus, Georgia.

Participants: University students (n = 260, mean age 20.5 ± 3.8).

Analysis: One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were used to test differences in age on alcohol consumption and binge drinking. Chi-Square tests and Fisher's Exact were used to estimate differences in proportions of binge drinking for race and gender.

Results: Underage students (57.7%) reported having consumed alcohol in the past. Frequency of alcohol consumption increased with age (P = 0.004). Caucasian students reported drinking most frequently, with 14.8% (n = 12) drinking at least once a week, compared to 0 African American students reporting they drank at least once per week (P < 0.001). There were no significant findings when examining differences in binge drinking for demographics assessed in this sample (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: and Relevance: In this cross-sectional research study, the prevalence of underage drinking among college-aged students, there is a need for targeted prevention methods to reduce adverse health outcomes among this vulnerable population.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the Mindless to Mindful intervention on fat mass loss in adults.

Design: This was a single-group case study.

Setting: A fitness center delivered by certified fitness professionals.

Subjects: 222 adults who participated in M2M as a team or as individuals, and 195 completed the entire intervention (attrition rate = 12.16%).

Intervention: M2M was an 8-week behavior change intervention with tailored coaching, group moderate-to-vigorous exercise (MVE) and self-regulation techniques.

Measures: Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Jackson-Pollock 4-site body fat measure, brief self-control scale, self-compassion scale, and a daily exercise log.

Analysis: Paired sample t-tests were used to determine differences within groups and a one-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between groups (P-value <.05).

Results: Participants engaged in an average of 4.88 h (SD = 2.04) of MVE per week. There was a significant decrease in fat mass (M = £7.65; P < .001) and increase in self-control (t = 6.248, P < .001, d = .300) and self-compassion (t = 4.314, P < .001, d = .165).

Conclusion: Self-monitoring, group exercise, and individualized coaching can promote self-regulation and fat mass loss.

Purpose: To investigate longitudinal associations between the presence of early childhood routines- predictable and repeatable functional practices that promote healthy growth, development, and relationships - and adolescent health outcomes.

Design: Secondary data analysis.

Setting: 20 large U.S. cities.

Subjects: 2943 children with socioeconomic disadvantage from the Future of Families cohort.

Measures: Routines at age 3 (shared family meals, bedtime routine, daily reading); outcomes later in the same children at age 15 (healthy routines, overall health, psychological well-being).

Analysis: Descriptive statistics, regression analyses.

Results: We detected longitudinal associations between early childhood routines and later adolescent routines (increased count of shared family meals by parent report [IRR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.24, P = 0.007], bedtime routine and daily reading by adolescent report [aOR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.67, P = 0.008; aOR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38, P = 0.04; respectively]). A bedtime routine in early childhood was associated with excellent health in adolescence (aOR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.79, P = 0.004]. Adolescent routines were concurrently associated with overall health and psychological well-being. We also detected two longitudinal patterns of associations suggesting multiple mechanisms for how early childhood routines influence later health and well-being.

Conclusion: Early childhood routines predict adolescent routines, and may contribute to long term adolescent health outcomes. Future studies may promote childhood routines during critical developmental stages as a strength-based strategy to promote long-term health and well-being.

Purpose: To test the assumption that person-first language (PFL) reduces obesity stigma, mediated by perceived personal responsibility for obesity.

Design: Cross-sectional, experimental.

Setting: Online, United States.

Participants: 299 young adults.

Measures: Participants read a vignette using PFL or identity-first language (IFL) or about someone without obesity. Participants reported perceived personal responsibility for obesity, and 3 operationalizations of obesity stigma: prejudice, stereotypes, and support for punitive policies. Mediation analyses were used to test if the manipulation affected obesity stigma, through perceived personal responsibility.

Results: There was no indirect effect of PFL vs IFL on the 3 outcomes (95% CIs contained zero). However, the indirect effects of PFL vs no-obesity condition were significant (prejudice: β = -0.10, SE = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.22, -0.01]; stereotypes: (β = 0.07, SE = 0.03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.14]); punitive punishment: (β = -0.06, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.15, -0.01]). Also, the indirect effects of IFL vs no-obesity condition on stereotypes (β = 0.07, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [0.0003, 0.15]) and punitive punishment (β = -0.06, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.15, -0.0002]) were significant.

Conclusion: PFL may not affect obesity stigma as it does in the context of other marginalized groups. The effect of PFL and IFL, compared to the no-obesity condition, suggests future routes for intervention.

What sense does it make to say that a new program implemented in a community with roots as old as evolution caused an observed health benefit? Evaluation of community approaches has often sought to isolate the causal roles of interventions. Central to this is the assumption that there are causes to be proven and isolated. Benedict Spinoza (1632-1677) dismissed the concept of cause, arguing that all things, "substances," are not caused but simply are. Actions of things in nature can influence each other, e.g., erosion of a mountain, but their substance, the mountains simply are. For Spinoza, satisfaction in life comes from realizing and acting in accord with our substance, but this requires communities that support such realization and action. Thus, communities and the vast influences they contain are central to human welfare. Interventions within them do not cause benefits but join with the history, culture, and numerous other features of the community in becoming part of how the community influences its members. Implications include a) expanding the social ecological model fully to embrace multiple influences - including innovative programs - and interactions among them, and c) varied research methods to identify practical lessons about how communities may adopt and incorporate innovations to engender change, rather than a catalogue of interventions that are supposed to change them.

Purpose: To investigate relationship between depression and handgrip strength (HGS) and appendicular lean mass (ALM) in Young and middle-aged adults.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Data from participants aged 20-59 from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Sample: In a study of 4927 middle-aged Americans, 2564 (52.30%) were men and 2363 (47.7%) were women, with an average age of 38.57 ± 11.72. Among this group, 716 individuals (14.53%) experienced mild depression, while 385 individuals (7.81%) suffered from moderate to severe depression.

Measures: Data of HGS and ALM were collected by handgrip test, and whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Linear and logistic regression, restricted cubic spline regression analyses and subgroup analysis were conducted to evaluate the association.

Results: Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, the study showed that a 1-point increase in the depression score was associated with a 4% increase in the probability of reduced grip strength for both males (95% CI: 1.01-1.07) and females (95% CI: 1.01-1.06). Additionally, for males, there was a 5% increase in the likelihood of decreased muscle mass (95% CI: 1.01-1.09), whereas the decline in muscle mass for females did not exhibit statistical significance. Subgroup analysis indicated that the inverse relationship between depression and grip strength, along with the negative association between depression and muscle mass among males, remained consistent in the 40-59 age range.

Conclusion: This research revealed an inverse relationship between depression and grip strength in middle-aged and young individuals, and a negative association between depression and ALM was only noted in males. Early intervention could be beneficial from age 40.

Some have argued that nothing less than truth and freedom is on the ballot in the 2024 election. To be sure, fact checking politicians has become a commonplace element of vetting candidates for public service. This editorial reviews trends in the use of media to influence opinions and practices relating to health promotion and disease prevention. Has society been striking the right balance between protecting free speech while also holding individuals and organizations accountable when disinformation they promulgate causes harm? If we are to protect freedom of speech, one of America's hallmarks to democratic governance, health professionals need to develop more innovative and effective methods for curbing misinformation and for countering the ills created by super spreaders of misinformation.