American Journal of Health Promotion最新文献

The conflict and discord between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois regarding their premise and approach to racial uplift for Black Americans have been very well documented. While Washington sought equality with accommodation, DuBois functioned through agitation. However, their biophilic accord and unity within the natural environment have been both underrecognized and underappreciated. As an honor to these esteemed racial and social justice giants, this special issue article reveals the universality of their environmental justice ideologies while also celebrating the beauty, power and foresight of their ecological language in script and speech.

Purpose: There is a need to gain a deeper understanding of facilitators and barriers involving lifestyle behaviors among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Design: Research team explored influences (e.g., social, cultural, environmental) for healthy lifestyle behaviors (nutrition, physical activity (PA), and self-care).

Method: One researcher conducted semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. Demographic data were collected via survey, and descriptive statistics were generated.

Setting: Patients were recruited, and interviews conducted via Zoom or phone.

Participants: Twenty-eight newly diagnosed, treatment naïve breast cancer patients were interviewed, a majority were non-Hispanic White women (n=23; 82%) with invasive (n=14; 50%) breast cancer.

Results: Themes related to nutrition, PA, and self-care emerged, including influences (e.g., environmental, cultural, social), barriers, facilitators, and lived experiences. Most patients stressed the importance of maintaining healthy eating habits (n=23), and some were interested in understanding the relationship between nutrition and cancer (n=7). Sixteen reported sustaining their PA levels, while others (n=11) explained barriers, such as time, distance, and pain. All patients reported utilizing self-care strategies, and most reported increased engagement in self-care since being diagnosed (n=14).

Conclusion: This study sheds light on factors influencing and hindering the adoption of healthy eating, PA, and self-care strategies among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. The findings reflect the importance of healthy lifestyle behaviors as critical areas for upstream intervention.

Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is to identify strategies from existing literature, for school-based professionals to share with parents, that may be used on a family-level to help the recovery from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric mental health.

Data source: This scoping review consists of a comprehensive PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar database search.

Study inclusion and exclusion criteria: Studies published between 2020 and 2023 that were written in English, originated in the United States, and evaluated pediatric mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic were considered for inclusion in the scoping review.

Data extraction and data synthesis: One researcher independently conducted the PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar literature search. Subsequently, results were reviewed independently by two additional researchers.

Results: Title and abstract review were conducted for 2563 articles. After excluding studies not written in English, studies with international origin, and studies which were not relevant to this scoping review, 101 studies remained for full-text review. After full-text review, 32 studies (31.68%) were deemed relevant and concordant with the inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review. We identified five prominent themes: 1) maintaining daily life and routines, 2) the importance of physical activity and the pandemic's effect on student athletes' mental health, 3) the use of screen time, 4) the effect of parent and caregiver stress on their children's mental health, and 5) the effect of pandemic-related health disparities and racism on pediatric mental health.

Discussion: This scoping review focused on interventions and practices which can be implemented at the family level to help children and adolescents recover from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their mental health.

Purpose: Examine the prevalence of and characteristics related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Design: Quantitative and qualitative data collected at two-time points via phone interviews.

Setting: Rural Midwestern communities.

Sample: 109 Latina mothers with incomes < 185% FPL, at least one child < age 12 recruited from a Midwestern state based on two previous studies.

Measures: Mothers responded to the following variables through a survey: Vaccine uptake measured by responses to, Have you received a vaccination shot for COVID-19. Tested predictors of vaccine uptake included: income, gender, education, immigration status, confidence in vaccine, belief the pandemic is over). Mothers' perspectives regarding the vaccine explored via responses to Why haven't you received COVID-19 vaccine?.

Analysis: Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted. Demographic variables and attitudes toward the vaccine served as predictors of mothers' vaccine uptake. Qualitative data were analyzed to shed light on mothers' perspectives on receiving the vaccine.

Results: Mother's confidence in the vaccine predicted vaccine uptake in 2021 (aOR=1.332, 95% CI: 1.07-1.65) and 2022 (aOR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.11-1.97). In 2021, income also predicted vaccine uptake (aOR=1; 95% CI: 1-1.002). Overarching themes: "vaccination is not necessary","mistrust of the vaccine", and "vaccine as protector".

Conclusion: Vaccinated mothers viewed the vaccine as a protection from being infected or gravely ill. For unvaccinated mothers, messages are needed that communicate the vaccine can protect them from virus transmission from household members who unknowingly are infected, as well as from different virus strains.

Objective: Understand parental perceptions of beverages and factors influencing the beverage choices they make for their children.

Data source: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL.

Study inclusion and exclusion criteria: Included studies contained qualitative data examining parents' perceptions of beverages or factors that influence their child's beverage consumption, were conducted in the United States between 2000 and 2022, written in English, and enrolled parents of children aged 18 years or younger.

Data extraction: Authors, titles, study aims, methods, qualitative results, and representative quotations were extracted using Covidence.

Data synthesis: Qualitative findings were independently coded by two coders. Codes were compared and discrepancies resolved through discussion with a third team member. Themes and sub-themes were identified, and representative quotations selected.

Results: 13 studies met inclusion criteria. Five major themes emerged: 1) factors that influence parents' provision of beverages to their children, 2) parents' concerns about sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), 3) barriers to limiting children's SSB consumption, 4) strategies to lower children's SSB consumption, and 5) parents' perceptions of beverage healthfulness.

Conclusion: Though most parents are aware of unfavorable health effects of frequent SSB intake, environmental and sociocultural factors pose barriers to limiting their child's SSB consumption. Changes to policy and the food environment are needed to initiate and sustain reductions in SSB intake, along with continued nutrition education efforts.

Purpose: To investigate whether changes in volunteering from adolescence to young adulthood are associated with subsequent health and well-being outcomes in adulthood.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.

Subjects: U.S. adults from Wave IV (2008/2009; N = 12,234) and Wave V (2016-2018; N = 9,971).

Measures: Any volunteering and nine types of volunteering (independent variables) and 41 health and well-being outcomes (dependent variables) using an outcome-wide approach with multiple linear-, logistic-, and generalized linear regressions.

Results: Volunteering in young adulthood was associated with better health behaviors (e.g., 34% decreased risk of binge drinking, 95% CI [0.54, 0.81]) and improved psychosocial and civic outcomes (e.g., lower depressive symptoms (β = -0.08, 95% CI [-0.14, -0.02]) in adulthood. Volunteering showed little evidence of associations with other health and well-being outcomes (e.g., loneliness, (β = -0.04, 95% CI [-0.09, 0.01])). Assessing volunteering by organization types showed a range of positive and negative outcomes. For example, volunteering in hospitals/nursing homes was associated with a 36% increased risk of high cholesterol (95% CI [1.06, 1.73]) and volunteering with political clubs was associated with a 52% increased risk of an anxiety diagnosis (95% CI [1.13, 2.05]).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest more work is needed to determine the conditions under which volunteering is health promoting and to minimize potential adverse effects associated with some types of volunteering.

Purpose: Health care providers (HCP) are uniquely positioned to advise against electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, potentially influencing youth perceptions of e-cigarette harms. However, research examining these associations is scant. We examined whether HCP e-cigarette-related advice is associated with youth e-cigarette harm perceptions.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: National Youth Tobacco Survey data (2022).

Subjects: 21,254 youth aged 9-18 years.

Measures: E-cigarette harm perceptions (i.e., relative addictiveness, occasional use harm, and secondhand e-cigarette aerosol (SHA) harm) and HCP advice to abstain from using e-cigarettes (yes/no) were assessed.

Analysis: Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using multinomial logistic regression models.

Results: Among the sample, 33.9% perceived e-cigarettes as equally addictive to cigarettes, 39.9% perceived occasional e-cigarette use to cause a lot of harm, and 23.3% perceived SHA to cause a lot of harm. Youth who received HCP advice had higher odds of perceiving e-cigarettes as more addictive than cigarettes (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.35-2.00) and causing a lot of harm (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.16-1.90). Youth who received HCP advice had higher odds of perceiving SHA causing little harm (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.44).

Conclusion: HCP advice was associated with youth e-cigarette harm perceptions and perceptions that SHA causes little harm. HCP e-cigarette counseling may help inform understanding of harms, which may reduce or prevent use.

Purpose: To understand pediatricians', community partners', and food insecure parent/caregivers' perspectives on addressing food access and nutrition education in clinical settings, and to conduct a formative evaluation of a clinical-community food access and nutrition education intervention.

Design: A mixed-methods evaluation.

Setting: Data was collected from pediatricians and parents/caregivers recruited from one urban pediatric primary care clinic, and from community partners involved in food access.

Participants: Pediatricians (n = 14), parents at risk of food insecurity (n = 7), and community partner staff (n = 8) participated in qualitative interviews.

Method: A cross-sectional survey among pediatricians assessing demographics, nutrition training, and knowledge of food access programs was administered. Semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted to understand experiences with food insecurity and food access programs, and to identify content and delivery preferences for a clinical-community intervention. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the pediatrician and parent demographics and pediatrician nutrition knowledge. A hybrid deductive-inductive thematic analysis was used to identify emerging themes from qualitative interviews.

Results: Few pediatricians (n = 3, 11%) reported receiving previous nutrition training, and knowledge-based food access program questions revealed significant gaps in pediatricians' understanding of program eligibility. Thematic analyses underscore challenges in addressing food insecurity in the clinical setting, gaps in clinical-community partnerships, and barriers to participating in food access programs.

Conclusion: Findings provide recommendations for the development of clinical-community food access and nutrition education interventions.

Purpose: Given the high prevalence of food insecurity among college students, there is an interest in identifying whether the use of a single item can adequately screen for food insecurity. The current study aimed to determine the validity of a single-item food insecurity screening question among college students.

Design: Cross-sectional study exploring food insecurity among racial and ethnic undergraduate college students.

Setting: Large urban U.S. research university.

Sample: Undergraduate students (n = 667) 18 years or older.

Measures: Food Insecurity screening was assessed via a single-item from the USDA Household Food Security Short Form (USDA FSSM-SF). Food security was assessed via the USDA FSSM-SF, a validated six-item scale that assesses food insecurity and hunger.

Analysis: Logistic regression assessed the validity of the single-item food insecurity question tested against the USDA FSSM-SF.

Results: The full model was statistically significant, χ2(1) = 161.44, P < .001 explaining 54.5% of the variance in food insecurity status correctly classifying 95.7% of cases. Sensitivity of the model was found to be 97.6%; specificity was found to be 69.6%. Positive predictive value was calculated to be 97.74%; negative predictive value was computed to be 68.09%.

Conclusion: Results support for the test validity of a single-item screening question that can be used to detect food insecurity among college students and inform secondary prevention programs aimed at food insecurity.

Purpose: To determine the acceptability and impact of an online, lifestyle-based mental well-being initiative in a school-based setting.

Approach: A post-program evaluation survey was administered after the intervention.

Setting: Fifty-seven New York State school districts.

Participants: Participating school districts invited all employees and community members to register for the intervention. A total of 4083 individuals participated, with 1060 (26%) responding to the post-program survey.

Intervention: The 7-week intervention (The Lift Project) incorporated strategies from lifestyle medicine, positive psychology and neuroscience literature. The ten lessons included online, video-based content and related experiential learning exercises.

Methods: The post-program survey included Likert items that evaluated the participants' perceived program acceptability, mental health enhancement, self-efficacy, and skill acquisition. Inductive thematic qualitative analysis assessed the participants' likes and dislikes concerning the initiative.

Results: A high percentage of respondents indicated that the program improved their well-being (85%), enhanced their well-being-related self-efficacy (92%), and provided them with skills for supporting their long-term mental well-being (82%). Respondents liked the evidence-based, engaging content and design elements and the focus on personal well-being, community connection, and practical applicability. Some respondents desired more social connection, disliked certain design elements, lacked time and experienced technical issues.

Conclusion: The initiative was acceptable and impactful, indicating that school districts may serve as an effective network for addressing the mental health epidemic.