Improper disposal and burning of agricultural residues are commonly practiced in some developing countries in which harmful gaseous products released into the atmosphere and some are depleted and reacted with the soil causing environmental pollution. Renewable technology can therefore be introduced for the utilization of the residues and ensure proper storage medium of the residues. An investigation was carried out on the pollution potential of oil palm residues on surface and underground water resources at the processing centre. Oil palm residues and water samples from the stream and well located near the oil processing site were used for the experiment. Water samples were collected during the raining and dry season to determine the level of pollution caused by the residues. Physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters of the water samples were determined. The chemical compounds of the palm residues were investigated. Results showed that aromatics compounds are mainly dominant of the palm fruit fiber which was characterized for bio-fuel production. It is revealed that effect of pollution on water bodies is significant at p<0.05. Hence, results showed that some parameters like colour, total solids, pH, amine contents, Escherichia coli exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) levels for drinking water. The amine content with (0.35 mg/L) of the samples was higher than the level recommended (0.1 mg/L) for drinking. For colour, the least value of 15.5 mg/l of the total samples was higher than the recommended value (15.0 mg/L). Also, the values of E. coli which ranged between 0.03-0.15 were far above zero count/100ml of World Health Organization (WHO) maximum permissible level for drinking water. Therefore, oil palm waste should be properly disposed and ensure improved storage of the residues for further processing. Conversion of the residues to useful products through renewable technology will alleviate environmental pollution. Key words: Residues, climate change, pollution effect, renewable technology.
{"title":"Application of renewable technology for mitigating environmental hazards of palm oil industry: Strategy for climate change and adaptation","authors":"T. Onifade, A. Akanni, S. Wandiga, P. Harvey","doi":"10.5897/AJEST2020.2816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2020.2816","url":null,"abstract":"Improper disposal and burning of agricultural residues are commonly practiced in some developing countries in which harmful gaseous products released into the atmosphere and some are depleted and reacted with the soil causing environmental pollution. Renewable technology can therefore be introduced for the utilization of the residues and ensure proper storage medium of the residues. An investigation was carried out on the pollution potential of oil palm residues on surface and underground water resources at the processing centre. Oil palm residues and water samples from the stream and well located near the oil processing site were used for the experiment. Water samples were collected during the raining and dry season to determine the level of pollution caused by the residues. Physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters of the water samples were determined. The chemical compounds of the palm residues were investigated. Results showed that aromatics compounds are mainly dominant of the palm fruit fiber which was characterized for bio-fuel production. It is revealed that effect of pollution on water bodies is significant at p<0.05. Hence, results showed that some parameters like colour, total solids, pH, amine contents, Escherichia coli exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) levels for drinking water. The amine content with (0.35 mg/L) of the samples was higher than the level recommended (0.1 mg/L) for drinking. For colour, the least value of 15.5 mg/l of the total samples was higher than the recommended value (15.0 mg/L). Also, the values of E. coli which ranged between 0.03-0.15 were far above zero count/100ml of World Health Organization (WHO) maximum permissible level for drinking water. Therefore, oil palm waste should be properly disposed and ensure improved storage of the residues for further processing. Conversion of the residues to useful products through renewable technology will alleviate environmental pollution. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Residues, climate change, pollution effect, renewable technology.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76631189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hane Maoudo, D. Ibrahima, Ndiaye Momar, Tidiane Dione Cheikh, Cissé Dame, Ndiaye Birame, D. Abdoulaye
{"title":"Physicochemical and metal quality evaluation of the ground water of the chief town of Sinthiou Malme Commune in Tambacounda (Senegal)","authors":"Hane Maoudo, D. Ibrahima, Ndiaye Momar, Tidiane Dione Cheikh, Cissé Dame, Ndiaye Birame, D. Abdoulaye","doi":"10.5897/ajest2020.2948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2020.2948","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74598160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study deals with determining ionosphere parameter at low latitudes during the maximum of solar cycle 22 on quiet days. It uses Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) to carry out Total Electron Content (TEC) parameter in the ionosphere region. TEC time variability on summer and winter highlights a seasonal anomaly, a phenomenon observed since 1965 and which appears while radiations coming from the sun are more intensive in summer than in winter under low latitudes. A mathematical approach integrating the time values of TEC parameter is developed to calculate TEC total value during all the season. The study shows that the seasonal anomaly phenomenon is not observed at every time between summer and winter. Comparison of the rate of electrons production matches with solar radiation intensity between summer and winter during a short period. Apparition of winter anomaly phenomenon shows that ultraviolet and X-rays emitted from the Sun are not the only causes of ionization of particles in ionosphere. Other chemical or physical phenomena also contribute to enhance the concentration of electrons in the atmosphere. The estimation of the rate of TEC production in ionosphere F2-layer enables a comparison of summer and winter behavior in ionosphere layer. The study offers a good knowledge of winter anomaly phenomenon. Key words: Total electron content, thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model, winter anomaly, maximum of solar cycle, quiet day.
{"title":"Evaluating the rate of total electron content (TEC) production in ionosphere F2-layer to highlight winter anomaly by running thermosphere-Ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model","authors":"Nanéma Emmanuel, Konaté Moustapha, Zoundi Christian, Ousseini Kotia Amadou, Louis Zerbo Jean, Ouattara Frédéric","doi":"10.5897/ajest2021.3051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2021.3051","url":null,"abstract":"The study deals with determining ionosphere parameter at low latitudes during the maximum of solar cycle 22 on quiet days. It uses Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) to carry out Total Electron Content (TEC) parameter in the ionosphere region. TEC time variability on summer and winter highlights a seasonal anomaly, a phenomenon observed since 1965 and which appears while radiations coming from the sun are more intensive in summer than in winter under low latitudes. A mathematical approach integrating the time values of TEC parameter is developed to calculate TEC total value during all the season. The study shows that the seasonal anomaly phenomenon is not observed at every time between summer and winter. Comparison of the rate of electrons production matches with solar radiation intensity between summer and winter during a short period. Apparition of winter anomaly phenomenon shows that ultraviolet and X-rays emitted from the Sun are not the only causes of ionization of particles in ionosphere. Other chemical or physical phenomena also contribute to enhance the concentration of electrons in the atmosphere. The estimation of the rate of TEC production in ionosphere F2-layer enables a comparison of summer and winter behavior in ionosphere layer. The study offers a good knowledge of winter anomaly phenomenon. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Total electron content, thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model, winter anomaly, maximum of solar cycle, quiet day.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83795834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Ibrahim, B. D. Falmata, Y. Haruna, Ismail Gambo, B. Usman, Shettima Hussaini, U. F. Amina
{"title":"Biodegradation of hydrocarbon by Enterobacter sp IAA-01 isolated from hydrocarbon exploration site soil of Kukawa Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"A. A. Ibrahim, B. D. Falmata, Y. Haruna, Ismail Gambo, B. Usman, Shettima Hussaini, U. F. Amina","doi":"10.5897/ajest2021.3003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2021.3003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89063308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of healthcare waste in Tanzanian zonal referral hospitals as a key factor for energy recovery","authors":"R. P., E. K. M., V. S.","doi":"10.5897/ajest2020.2917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2020.2917","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77863270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Mugume, Ronald Semyalo, P. Wasswa, Triphonia Ngailo, R. Odongo, Joyce Lunyolo, S. Tao
Different sectors globally are experiencing the impacts of changing climate and water resources are among them. This study was conducted with an aim of examining the community views regarding the effect of changing climate on water demand over the River Mpanga Water Catchment. The study employed a cross-sectional survey using 111 household interviews; 14 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 27 key informants interviews (KII). This study considered 14 villages and employed a mixed-methods study design. The analysis was conducted using SPSS software to derive the descriptive statistics. Qualitative information was analyzed using content analysis to conduct an in-depth analysis. The study found that the main source of water is tap water (72.1%) and the main use of water in the study area is domestic water use. This study also found that, breakage in water supply especially during the dry season (10 out of 14 FGDs) and poor quality of water especially the tap water due to chemical treatment (11 out of 14 FDGs) were the major challenges of water the community faced. Additionally, this study observed that 15 out of 27 KII considered drought as a major threat and that the area had experienced decreases in rainfall amounts over the months of January and February. Therefore, this study recommends that the providers of domestic water should invest heavily in technologies for improving water quality and amount; ensure sustainable and equitable rationing of water during scarcity; and promote incentives for water harvesting. Key words: Community survey, water resources, River Mpanga.
{"title":"Community views on water demands under a changing climate: The case of River Mpanga Water Catchment, Western Uganda","authors":"I. Mugume, Ronald Semyalo, P. Wasswa, Triphonia Ngailo, R. Odongo, Joyce Lunyolo, S. Tao","doi":"10.5897/AJEST2021.3036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2021.3036","url":null,"abstract":"Different sectors globally are experiencing the impacts of changing climate and water resources are among them. This study was conducted with an aim of examining the community views regarding the effect of changing climate on water demand over the River Mpanga Water Catchment. The study employed a cross-sectional survey using 111 household interviews; 14 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 27 key informants interviews (KII). This study considered 14 villages and employed a mixed-methods study design. The analysis was conducted using SPSS software to derive the descriptive statistics. Qualitative information was analyzed using content analysis to conduct an in-depth analysis. The study found that the main source of water is tap water (72.1%) and the main use of water in the study area is domestic water use. This study also found that, breakage in water supply especially during the dry season (10 out of 14 FGDs) and poor quality of water especially the tap water due to chemical treatment (11 out of 14 FDGs) were the major challenges of water the community faced. Additionally, this study observed that 15 out of 27 KII considered drought as a major threat and that the area had experienced decreases in rainfall amounts over the months of January and February. Therefore, this study recommends that the providers of domestic water should invest heavily in technologies for improving water quality and amount; ensure sustainable and equitable rationing of water during scarcity; and promote incentives for water harvesting. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Community survey, water resources, River Mpanga.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"371-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89150753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Augustine Cole, Mohamed Pujeh Junior, Y. K. Kawa, J. Kpaka
This research accesses the physical and chemical parameters of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) hand dug well and the Kamakubuna Stream in the Sella Limba Chiefdom, Kamakwie Town. The physical parameters such as total dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity, pH, temperature, conductivity; and the chemical parameters such as residual chlorine, ammonium, ammonia, bromine, copper, fluoride, iron, nitrite, potassium, phosphate, sulphate, nitrogen-nitrate and bicarbonate. The samples were collected from the MAFFS hand dug well and the Kamakubuna stream, and transported to the water quality laboratory within thirty minutes. A physicochemical analysis was done on the water samples. The results analysed shown that the parameters were within the WHO accepted guidelines, except for low pH values and high mean value in turbidity for the MAFFS hand dug well. Key words: Hand dug well, WHO, parameters, samples and stream.
{"title":"Physicochemical Assessment of a Hand-dug Well and the Kamakubuna Stream in the Sella Limba Chiefdom, Kamakwie, Northern, Sierra Leone","authors":"Augustine Cole, Mohamed Pujeh Junior, Y. K. Kawa, J. Kpaka","doi":"10.5897/ajest2021.3015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2021.3015","url":null,"abstract":"This research accesses the physical and chemical parameters of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) hand dug well and the Kamakubuna Stream in the Sella Limba Chiefdom, Kamakwie Town. The physical parameters such as total dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity, pH, temperature, conductivity; and the chemical parameters such as residual chlorine, ammonium, ammonia, bromine, copper, fluoride, iron, nitrite, potassium, phosphate, sulphate, nitrogen-nitrate and bicarbonate. The samples were collected from the MAFFS hand dug well and the Kamakubuna stream, and transported to the water quality laboratory within thirty minutes. A physicochemical analysis was done on the water samples. The results analysed shown that the parameters were within the WHO accepted guidelines, except for low pH values and high mean value in turbidity for the MAFFS hand dug well. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hand dug well, WHO, parameters, samples and stream.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"1988 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82292822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of open defecation in Kwahu Afram Plains South District, Ghana","authors":"Kwarteng Amponsah Daniel","doi":"10.5897/ajest2019.2781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2019.2781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81664691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Messay, Ayalew Birhanu, Jida Midekssa Mulissa, T. Genet, Wondu Amare Endale, Bati Fedi Gutema
{"title":"Briquette production from sugar cane bagasse and its potential as clean source of energy","authors":"E. Messay, Ayalew Birhanu, Jida Midekssa Mulissa, T. Genet, Wondu Amare Endale, Bati Fedi Gutema","doi":"10.5897/ajest2021.3006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2021.3006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72681688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raoul Nkoue Ndondo Gustave, Eneke Takem Eyong Gloria, Ndjama Joséphine, Eric Komba David, Ngo Boum Suzanne, Nlend Bertil, Mouto Makongo Pascale, Mfonka Zachari, Ntamak Nida Marie-Joseph, E. Jacques
{"title":"Behavior of major ions and heavy metals risk assessment in spring and surface water on the southwest slope of Mount Cameroon (Western Africa)","authors":"Raoul Nkoue Ndondo Gustave, Eneke Takem Eyong Gloria, Ndjama Joséphine, Eric Komba David, Ngo Boum Suzanne, Nlend Bertil, Mouto Makongo Pascale, Mfonka Zachari, Ntamak Nida Marie-Joseph, E. Jacques","doi":"10.5897/ajest2021.3035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2021.3035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84022023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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