Fighting corruption in one sector may improve overall governance but may also shift rent extraction activities to less scrutinized sectors. This paper highlights such unintended consequences of a federal anti-corruption strategy in Brazil by documenting the causal effects of randomized fiscal audits on deforestation dynamics, a non-targeted outcome. Between 2003 and 2011, public audits of federal funds increased deforestation by about 10% in municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon within the first three years after the audit. Municipalities seem also to have learned from neighboring audits, which affected deforestation outcomes in a similar way to own audits. The audit effects doubled among first term mayors who managed to win re-elections afterwards, suggesting the potential presence of electoral benefits to such strategies.
{"title":"Unintended environmental consequences of anti-corruption strategies","authors":"E. Cisneros, Krisztina Kis-Katos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3899498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3899498","url":null,"abstract":"Fighting corruption in one sector may improve overall governance but may also shift rent extraction activities to less scrutinized sectors. This paper highlights such unintended consequences of a federal anti-corruption strategy in Brazil by documenting the causal effects of randomized fiscal audits on deforestation dynamics, a non-targeted outcome. Between 2003 and 2011, public audits of federal funds increased deforestation by about 10% in municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon within the first three years after the audit. Municipalities seem also to have learned from neighboring audits, which affected deforestation outcomes in a similar way to own audits. The audit effects doubled among first term mayors who managed to win re-elections afterwards, suggesting the potential presence of electoral benefits to such strategies.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87919731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India has been facing severe agrarian crisis. The crisis becomes darker since the inception of the New Economic Policy in 1991. Agrarian crisis has several facets and volatile agriculture market is one of them. India has wide network of regulated agricultural markets named as APMCs and farmers rely on these markets as a site of procurement. Recently government of India passed New Farm Acts in the visage of ordinance but farmers have been painstakingly opposing these Acts, farmers believe that these acts are corporate leaned and will rule out both MSPs and APMC markets. The evidences too confirmed that farmers have been opting APMC markets as site of procurement over private traders since these markets are regulatory whereas private traders or private markets have potential to deceive the farmer! Farmers are aware about on-going protest at various borders of Delhi about New Farm Acts. Despite farmers haven’t been getting promised MSP at APMC markets, farmers still advocating APMC markets since it guarantees the payment. Majority of the farmers asserted that they are not going to favour these acts since it won’t be beneficial for them and also rule out the promised MSP. There should be healthy competition between APMC markets and Private markets, unlike APMCs private markets should be regulated by the government.
{"title":"A Need of New Farm Acts: Case Study of Sangamner Block","authors":"Gulab Dhaware","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3891512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3891512","url":null,"abstract":"India has been facing severe agrarian crisis. The crisis becomes darker since the inception of the New Economic Policy in 1991. Agrarian crisis has several facets and volatile agriculture market is one of them. India has wide network of regulated agricultural markets named as APMCs and farmers rely on these markets as a site of procurement. Recently government of India passed New Farm Acts in the visage of ordinance but farmers have been painstakingly opposing these Acts, farmers believe that these acts are corporate leaned and will rule out both MSPs and APMC markets. The evidences too confirmed that farmers have been opting APMC markets as site of procurement over private traders since these markets are regulatory whereas private traders or private markets have potential to deceive the farmer! Farmers are aware about on-going protest at various borders of Delhi about New Farm Acts. Despite farmers haven’t been getting promised MSP at APMC markets, farmers still advocating APMC markets since it guarantees the payment. Majority of the farmers asserted that they are not going to favour these acts since it won’t be beneficial for them and also rule out the promised MSP. There should be healthy competition between APMC markets and Private markets, unlike APMCs private markets should be regulated by the government. ","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83297550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The continued penetration of plant-based beverages in fluid milk markets appears to have reinforced the ongoing decline in the U.S. per capita consumption of fluid cow milk. This study focuses on how demographic variables and consumers’ opinions about climate change impact the preference for plant-based beverages. This study also explores the competition in fluid milk markets. To this end, we utilized sales data from the Nielsen retail scanner dataset and employed a random-coefficients logit model. Results show that consumers' belief in the human role in climate change is positively correlated with their preference for plant-based beverages. Non-whites show a higher preference for plant-based beverages. The average own-price elasticities of plant-based beverages were found to be higher than those of a manufacturer's brand and private label cow milk and lower than those of organic and lactose-free cow milk. Plant-based beverages are found to be close substitutes for each other but are less substitutable with milk types. The results suggest that the price-cost markup percentages associated with plant-based beverages are higher than those of private label cow milk and lower than those of organic and lactose-free cow milk, indicating a significant market power for the firms producing them.
{"title":"Demand for Plant-Based Beverages and Competition in Fluid Milk Markets","authors":"Binod Khanal, R. Lopez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3888564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3888564","url":null,"abstract":"The continued penetration of plant-based beverages in fluid milk markets appears to have reinforced the ongoing decline in the U.S. per capita consumption of fluid cow milk. This study focuses on how demographic variables and consumers’ opinions about climate change impact the preference for plant-based beverages. This study also explores the competition in fluid milk markets. To this end, we utilized sales data from the Nielsen retail scanner dataset and employed a random-coefficients logit model. Results show that consumers' belief in the human role in climate change is positively correlated with their preference for plant-based beverages. Non-whites show a higher preference for plant-based beverages. The average own-price elasticities of plant-based beverages were found to be higher than those of a manufacturer's brand and private label cow milk and lower than those of organic and lactose-free cow milk. Plant-based beverages are found to be close substitutes for each other but are less substitutable with milk types. The results suggest that the price-cost markup percentages associated with plant-based beverages are higher than those of private label cow milk and lower than those of organic and lactose-free cow milk, indicating a significant market power for the firms producing them.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72990946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the influence of crude oil price on inflation in eight Asian and two of the pacific economies, which are oil-importing countries. The period of investigation is from 1987M5 to 2019M12. The results of bounds testing for cointegration reveal that there is a stable positive long-run relationship between the consumer price index and crude oil price in most of these countries during the period of low and less fluctuating oil prices. However, the stable long-run relationship is found in eight countries, but this stable relationship is found only in one country during the period of high and more fluctuating oil prices. The long-run pass-through of crude oil prices to consumer prices is partial. In the short run, the relationship between a crude oil price change and inflation indicates that the short-run pass-through is low in most cases, but this pass-through is more apparent during the period of high and more fluctuating oil prices. Therefore, the structural break seems to matter in the pass-through of crude oil price to consumer prices in both the long and short run. The findings suggest accommodative monetary policy measures to alleviate the inflation rate.
{"title":"Crude Oil Price Changes and Inflation: Evidence for Asia and the Pacific Economies","authors":"Komain Jiranyakul","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3884186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3884186","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the influence of crude oil price on inflation in eight Asian and two of the pacific economies, which are oil-importing countries. The period of investigation is from 1987M5 to 2019M12. The results of bounds testing for cointegration reveal that there is a stable positive long-run relationship between the consumer price index and crude oil price in most of these countries during the period of low and less fluctuating oil prices. However, the stable long-run relationship is found in eight countries, but this stable relationship is found only in one country during the period of high and more fluctuating oil prices. The long-run pass-through of crude oil prices to consumer prices is partial. In the short run, the relationship between a crude oil price change and inflation indicates that the short-run pass-through is low in most cases, but this pass-through is more apparent during the period of high and more fluctuating oil prices. Therefore, the structural break seems to matter in the pass-through of crude oil price to consumer prices in both the long and short run. The findings suggest accommodative monetary policy measures to alleviate the inflation rate.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82326327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global financial crisis of 2007–2009 caused major economic disturbances in the oil market. In this paper, we consider five variables that describe the microeconomics of the supply of and demand for oil, and evaluate their importance before, during and after the global financial crisis. We consider five dissimilar regimes during the period of January 1986 to the end of 2020: two regimes prior to the global financial crisis, the regime during the crisis, and two regimes after the crisis. The main hypothesis tested is that oil fundamentals of supply and demand remained important, even though the five regimes were dissimilar. We built five boosted and over-fitted neural networks to capture the exact relationships between spot oil prices and oil data related to these prices. This analysis shows that, while the inputs into an accurate neural network can remain the same, the impact of each variable can change considerably during different regimes.
{"title":"What Microeconomic Fundamentals Drive Global Oil Prices During 1986-2020?","authors":"A. Malliaris, M. Malliaris","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3895280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3895280","url":null,"abstract":"The global financial crisis of 2007–2009 caused major economic disturbances in the oil market. In this paper, we consider five variables that describe the microeconomics of the supply of and demand for oil, and evaluate their importance before, during and after the global financial crisis. We consider five dissimilar regimes during the period of January 1986 to the end of 2020: two regimes prior to the global financial crisis, the regime during the crisis, and two regimes after the crisis. The main hypothesis tested is that oil fundamentals of supply and demand remained important, even though the five regimes were dissimilar. We built five boosted and over-fitted neural networks to capture the exact relationships between spot oil prices and oil data related to these prices. This analysis shows that, while the inputs into an accurate neural network can remain the same, the impact of each variable can change considerably during different regimes.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78033787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Telesilla O. Kotsi, Owen Q. Wu, Alfonso Pedraza Martinez
Problem definition: Six million refugees lived in camps in 2021 due to multiple armed conflicts worldwide. Regulations often impede refugees’ integration into host countries, and thus refugees have to seek help from humanitarian organizations (HOs). HOs traditionally provide in-kind (e.g. food) assistance and, just recently, offer cash (monetary assistance) that refugees can spend at local retail stores. However, cash assistance can be exploited by local retailers’ market power, which challenges the HOs’ mission of helping refugees while doing no harm to host communities. Practical Relevance: Completely informed by field research in three refugee camps in north-western Greece, we analyze the trade-off between in-kind and cash assistance from the perspective of an HO. We propose two cash assistance policies, implementable by a partnership between the HO and the local government, to curb the retailer’s market power and ensure that the refugees, the local residents, and the retailer are better off than if only in-kind assistance is provided. Methodology: We use field research to define our research setting and support our main modeling assumptions and parameters. Then, we use a game-theoretical model to analyze the interactions among multiple stakeholders in an ecosystem consisting of an HO, refugees, a monopolistic retailer, local residents, and government. Results: We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed cash assistance policies that benefit refugees and local residents while ensuring the retailer’s profitability. In particular, a price-dependent cash assistance (PDCA) policy aligns the incentives between the retailer and the HO-government partnership. This new policy for cash assistance acts as a lever for the retailer to set desirable prices, which benefit both refugees and the host community. Managerial Implications: We provide prescriptions that can guide HOs to improve their budget allocation between in-kind and cash assistance for refugees living in areas where market power exists. Moreover, we clearly outline the roles of HOs and the local government in a partnership for cash assistance to refugees.
{"title":"Donations for Refugee Crises: In-kind Versus Cash Assistance","authors":"Telesilla O. Kotsi, Owen Q. Wu, Alfonso Pedraza Martinez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3685845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3685845","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: Six million refugees lived in camps in 2021 due to multiple armed conflicts worldwide. Regulations often impede refugees’ integration into host countries, and thus refugees have to seek help from humanitarian organizations (HOs). HOs traditionally provide in-kind (e.g. food) assistance and, just recently, offer cash (monetary assistance) that refugees can spend at local retail stores. However, cash assistance can be exploited by local retailers’ market power, which challenges the HOs’ mission of helping refugees while doing no harm to host communities. Practical Relevance: Completely informed by field research in three refugee camps in north-western Greece, we analyze the trade-off between in-kind and cash assistance from the perspective of an HO. We propose two cash assistance policies, implementable by a partnership between the HO and the local government, to curb the retailer’s market power and ensure that the refugees, the local residents, and the retailer are better off than if only in-kind assistance is provided. Methodology: We use field research to define our research setting and support our main modeling assumptions and parameters. Then, we use a game-theoretical model to analyze the interactions among multiple stakeholders in an ecosystem consisting of an HO, refugees, a monopolistic retailer, local residents, and government. Results: We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed cash assistance policies that benefit refugees and local residents while ensuring the retailer’s profitability. In particular, a price-dependent cash assistance (PDCA) policy aligns the incentives between the retailer and the HO-government partnership. This new policy for cash assistance acts as a lever for the retailer to set desirable prices, which benefit both refugees and the host community. Managerial Implications: We provide prescriptions that can guide HOs to improve their budget allocation between in-kind and cash assistance for refugees living in areas where market power exists. Moreover, we clearly outline the roles of HOs and the local government in a partnership for cash assistance to refugees.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83103618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jahan, M. S. Islam, K. M. Hossain, M. A. Islam, M. S. Islam, A. Kabir, M. Alim
The objectives of the study to compare the growth performance of Deshi, Fayoumi, RIR and Sonali chicken reared under farm and semi scavenging. A total of 288 day-old chicks (72 from Deshi, 72 Fayoumi, 72 RIR and 72 Sonali) were used in this trial for a period of 20 weeks of age with 4 genotypes. 144 chicks were reared under farm condition and another144 chicks were under semi scavenging system. In farm, birds were fed ad libitum a commercial starter and grower feed. In semi scavenging at first 5 weeks, each chick was fed 10g balanced feed and maximum supplement was 50g up to the end of the experiment. This study revealed that day-old chick weight was the highest in RIR, intermediate and similar in Sonali and Fayoumi and the lowest in Deshi (P<0.01). Day-old chick weight did not differ between farm and semi scavenging (P>0.05). The highest live weight was found in RIR followed by Sonali, Fayoumi and Deshi at 20 weeks of age. All genotypes were heavier in farm than in those reared in semi scavenging except Deshi. Live weight gained at 20 weeks of age was the highest in RIR followed by Sonali, Fayoumi and Deshi (P<0.01). Deshi chicken was heavier in semi scavenging in comparison with in farm condition. Similar and higher survival rate was found in Sonali, Fayoumi and RIR and lower in Deshi (P<0.01). In farm condition, survivability was higher than in semi scavenging. Farm reared Deshi chicken tended to minimize survivability than those reared in semi scavenging. Feed intake was similar and higher in RIR and Sonali, intermediate in Fayoumi and the lowest in Deshi (P<0.01). Superior feed conversion was found in RIR followed by Sonali, Fayoumi and Deshi. Feed conversion was higher in semi scavenging than that in farm (P<0.01). From the study it is concluded that growth rate, survivability, feed intake and feed conversion ratio appeared to be the best in RIR, Sonali in intermediate and Fayoumi and Deshi are the worst in growth performance. Farm reared chicken had better potential than those in semi scavenging chicken. Deshi chicken had little difference in growth performance in two rearing systems.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Growth Performance of Deshi, Fayoumi, Rir and Sonali Chicken Reared Under Farm and Semi Scavenging Condition","authors":"S. Jahan, M. S. Islam, K. M. Hossain, M. A. Islam, M. S. Islam, A. Kabir, M. Alim","doi":"10.47440/jafe.2021.2206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2021.2206","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of the study to compare the growth performance of Deshi, Fayoumi, RIR and Sonali chicken reared under farm and semi scavenging. A total of 288 day-old chicks (72 from Deshi, 72 Fayoumi, 72 RIR and 72 Sonali) were used in this trial for a period of 20 weeks of age with 4 genotypes. 144 chicks were reared under farm condition and another144 chicks were under semi scavenging system. In farm, birds were fed ad libitum a commercial starter and grower feed. In semi scavenging at first 5 weeks, each chick was fed 10g balanced feed and maximum supplement was 50g up to the end of the experiment. This study revealed that day-old chick weight was the highest in RIR, intermediate and similar in Sonali and Fayoumi and the lowest in Deshi (P<0.01). Day-old chick weight did not differ between farm and semi scavenging (P>0.05). The highest live weight was found in RIR followed by Sonali, Fayoumi and Deshi at 20 weeks of age. All genotypes were heavier in farm than in those reared in semi scavenging except Deshi. Live weight gained at 20 weeks of age was the highest in RIR followed by Sonali, Fayoumi and Deshi (P<0.01). Deshi chicken was heavier in semi scavenging in comparison with in farm condition. Similar and higher survival rate was found in Sonali, Fayoumi and RIR and lower in Deshi (P<0.01). In farm condition, survivability was higher than in semi scavenging. Farm reared Deshi chicken tended to minimize survivability than those reared in semi scavenging. Feed intake was similar and higher in RIR and Sonali, intermediate in Fayoumi and the lowest in Deshi (P<0.01). Superior feed conversion was found in RIR followed by Sonali, Fayoumi and Deshi. Feed conversion was higher in semi scavenging than that in farm (P<0.01). From the study it is concluded that growth rate, survivability, feed intake and feed conversion ratio appeared to be the best in RIR, Sonali in intermediate and Fayoumi and Deshi are the worst in growth performance. Farm reared chicken had better potential than those in semi scavenging chicken. Deshi chicken had little difference in growth performance in two rearing systems.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87163975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El turismo ha demostrado ser una actividad económica con alto grado de sensibilidad, la pandemia actual lo ha ratificado. Este documento busca aportar a la discusión global con una revisión de literatura e informes técnicos de organismos oficiales del turismo enfocados en Latinoamérica. Se hace uso del método cualitativo analítico-sintético de múltiples pasos para abordar los estudios de caso disponibles, y se sistematizan los informes que publican datos oficiales a nivel regional y global. Se obtiene una revisión de literatura especializada que articula los subtemas pandemias, resiliencia y modelos de gestión de crisis en turismo. Se añade una compilación sobre las acciones promovidas por los organismos mundiales directamente involucrados y los gobiernos de la región. Las principales afectaciones de la pandemia no solo están vinculadas a los efectos socioeconómicos en el turismo mundial y latinoamericano, sino que también causan efectos en el comportamiento psicológico y en las preferencias del turista pos-covid-19.
{"title":"Turismo en tiempo de pandemias. covid-19 en Latinoamérica (Tourism in Times of Pandemics. COVID-19 in Latin America)","authors":"Ángel Guillermo Félix Mendoza, A. Zepeda Arce, Jhonny Saulo Villafuerte Holguín","doi":"10.18601/01207555.n29.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/01207555.n29.06","url":null,"abstract":"El turismo ha demostrado ser una actividad económica con alto grado de sensibilidad, la pandemia actual lo ha ratificado. Este documento busca aportar a la discusión global con una revisión de literatura e informes técnicos de organismos oficiales del turismo enfocados en Latinoamérica. Se hace uso del método cualitativo analítico-sintético de múltiples pasos para abordar los estudios de caso disponibles, y se sistematizan los informes que publican datos oficiales a nivel regional y global. Se obtiene una revisión de literatura especializada que articula los subtemas pandemias, resiliencia y modelos de gestión de crisis en turismo. Se añade una compilación sobre las acciones promovidas por los organismos mundiales directamente involucrados y los gobiernos de la región. Las principales afectaciones de la pandemia no solo están vinculadas a los efectos socioeconómicos en el turismo mundial y latinoamericano, sino que también causan efectos en el comportamiento psicológico y en las preferencias del turista pos-covid-19.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72874719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishery (MAFF) in Japan launched direct payment for hilly and mountainous areas considered as less-favored areas in 2000 with aim of preventing further farmland abandonment in the areas, compensating the farmers working in such disadvantaged regions for their costly production, and enhance agricultural multi-functionality through community cooperation. This review examines the effect of direct payments on continuous land use, prevention of farmland, agrarian structural change, environmental dimension, and income inequality through both quantitative and qualitative methods. Also, I connected the empirical results to theoretical economics using simple profit functions.
{"title":"Review of Direct Payments for Less-Favoured Areas: Evidence from Japan","authors":"Masanori Matsuura","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3873082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3873082","url":null,"abstract":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishery (MAFF) in Japan launched direct payment for hilly and mountainous areas considered as less-favored areas in 2000 with aim of preventing further farmland abandonment in the areas, compensating the farmers working in such disadvantaged regions for their costly production, and enhance agricultural multi-functionality through community cooperation. This review examines the effect of direct payments on continuous land use, prevention of farmland, agrarian structural change, environmental dimension, and income inequality through both quantitative and qualitative methods. Also, I connected the empirical results to theoretical economics using simple profit functions.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80974565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agriculture research is very important for the economist and Agriculturist.Agriculture Sector is the intrgreal part of country economy.
农业研究对经济学家和农业学家来说是非常重要的。农业产业是农村经济的重要组成部分。
{"title":"Research regarding Agriculture sector by Dr.iqbal shaukat.","authors":"Dr. Iqbal Shaukat","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3851637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3851637","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture research is very important for the economist and Agriculturist.Agriculture<br>Sector is the intrgreal part of country economy.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89486338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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