This paper shows the applied voltage effect on the superconductor substrate sample. The substrate temperature (Ts) increases the activation energy of the substrate atoms. Thus, the injecting of minority carriers (holes) increased in ZnO semiconductor. These carriers recombine with electrons of 4S1 shell for Cu atom. The recombination occurs by two ways from band to band (direct recombination) or via traps (indirect recombination). The recombination mechanisms produce photons emission in the ultraviolet and visible spectrum. The calibration between voltage and temperature achieved using Variac device. The applied voltages were 60, 65, 70, and 80 Volt, and the recorded substrate temperatures were 300, 320, 350, and 400 °C, respectively.
{"title":"Substrate Temperature Effect on the Spectrum Emission in Superconductor Heterostructure BiPbSrCaCuZnO","authors":"Suzan M. Shakouli","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v31i3.717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i3.717","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the applied voltage effect on the superconductor substrate sample. The substrate temperature (Ts) increases the activation energy of the substrate atoms. Thus, the injecting of minority carriers (holes) increased in ZnO semiconductor. These carriers recombine with electrons of 4S1 shell for Cu atom. The recombination occurs by two ways from band to band (direct recombination) or via traps (indirect recombination). The recombination mechanisms produce photons emission in the ultraviolet and visible spectrum. The calibration between voltage and temperature achieved using Variac device. The applied voltages were 60, 65, 70, and 80 Volt, and the recorded substrate temperatures were 300, 320, 350, and 400 °C, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87736731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research project designed for the first time on comparison of Hybrirock seeds and pactol seeds of Brssica napus L. A plant affiliation of Brassicaceae family. The objective of this study was to phytochemically analyzing of France purchased Hybrirock and local pactol seeds by Gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry and comparison of their essential oil components in relation with previous works. The French purchased hybrirock seeds and local pactol seeds were planted in Gerda rasha field Grdarash field, College of Agriculture, Salahaddin University-Erbil and seeda were stored for later chemical analysis. The GC-MS detections showed that the most abundant phytochemical constituents were E, E, 2, 4-Decadienal (22.3% for Hybrirock seed oils and 15.64% for pactol seed) and Hexanal (18.37 for hybrirock seed and 8.72% for Pactol seed oils), followed by 2-Undecenal (7.66% for hybrirock seed and 14.27% for pactol seed oils). Our study demonstrated that both studied genotypes of same species contained different important chemicals and beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids however glucosinolates were significantly higher in pactol seeds in compare with hybrirock seeds, making pactol seeds less edible and more suitable as nematicides or as precursor of Bio-fuels and the two tested genotype seeds have shown sufficient hydrocarbon content which can be used as a substitute of petrol hydrocarbon. While hybrirock seeds with higher fatty acid contents and lower glucosinolates possessing more edibility features to be used as food products and medical agents.
本课题首次对芸苔科植物甘蓝型油菜(brsicica napus L.)的杂交种种子和紫花种子进行了比较研究。本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对法国采购的杂花和当地紫荆种子进行了植物化学分析，并与前人的研究成果进行了比较。将法国购买的杂交草种子和当地紫花苜蓿种子种植在Gerda rasha田，Grdarash田，Salahaddin大学- erbil农业学院，种子储存起来供以后的化学分析。GC-MS检测结果显示，其植物化学成分含量最高的是E, E, 2,4 -十烯醛(占杂花籽油的22.3%，紫荆籽油的15.64%)和己醛(占杂花籽油的18.37%，紫荆籽油的8.72%)，其次是2-癸烯醛(占杂花籽油的7.66%，紫荆籽油的14.27%)。我们的研究表明，同一物种的两种基因型含有不同的重要化学物质和有益的多不饱和脂肪酸，但与杂交种子相比，紫荆种子中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量显著高于杂交种子，这使得紫荆种子的食用性较差，更适合作为杀线虫剂或生物燃料的前体，并且两种基因型的种子具有足够的碳氢化合物含量，可以作为石油烃的替代品。而杂交种子具有较高的脂肪酸含量和较低的硫代葡萄糖苷含量，具有更多的食用特性，可作为食品和医药制剂使用。
{"title":"A GC-MS Characteristic Analysis of Hybrirock and Pactol Seeds Harvested in Erbil/Iraq","authors":"A. AbdulJabbar, B. Mahmood, Sirwan T. Salih","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v31i3.860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i3.860","url":null,"abstract":"The research project designed for the first time on comparison of Hybrirock seeds and pactol seeds of Brssica napus L. A plant affiliation of Brassicaceae family. The objective of this study was to phytochemically analyzing of France purchased Hybrirock and local pactol seeds by Gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry and comparison of their essential oil components in relation with previous works. The French purchased hybrirock seeds and local pactol seeds were planted in Gerda rasha field Grdarash field, College of Agriculture, Salahaddin University-Erbil and seeda were stored for later chemical analysis. The GC-MS detections showed that the most abundant phytochemical constituents were E, E, 2, 4-Decadienal (22.3% for Hybrirock seed oils and 15.64% for pactol seed) and Hexanal (18.37 for hybrirock seed and 8.72% for Pactol seed oils), followed by 2-Undecenal (7.66% for hybrirock seed and 14.27% for pactol seed oils). Our study demonstrated that both studied genotypes of same species contained different important chemicals and beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids however glucosinolates were significantly higher in pactol seeds in compare with hybrirock seeds, making pactol seeds less edible and more suitable as nematicides or as precursor of Bio-fuels and the two tested genotype seeds have shown sufficient hydrocarbon content which can be used as a substitute of petrol hydrocarbon. While hybrirock seeds with higher fatty acid contents and lower glucosinolates possessing more edibility features to be used as food products and medical agents.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87385924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart devices have become one of the most important facilities in managing the data in the organizations recently. In this research, Android Application has been developed with taking advantage of Quick Response codes technology for storing different types of data (ex: documents, goods or employees) within organizations, and retrieving it on demand on the smart device screen or sharing it to other devices as Excel reports. Discussion of the study assumptions, delimitations, and limitations resulted in developing several approaches for tackling the process of generating unique QR codes representing the items in the organizations, in addition to developing a QR code reader by making use of the camera in the smart device. Office goods have been chosen in this research project as a data sample. Based on the experiments, the findings have proven that QR code technology is highly useful in the data management process, for storing and retrieving information within smart devices, showing a high response speed and accuracy.
{"title":"Data Management via QR Code Using Android Smart Devices","authors":"Wissam Basim Al-Kendi, Huda Al-Nayyef","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v31i3.853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i3.853","url":null,"abstract":"Smart devices have become one of the most important facilities in managing the data in the organizations recently. In this research, Android Application has been developed with taking advantage of Quick Response codes technology for storing different types of data (ex: documents, goods or employees) within organizations, and retrieving it on demand on the smart device screen or sharing it to other devices as Excel reports. Discussion of the study assumptions, delimitations, and limitations resulted in developing several approaches for tackling the process of generating unique QR codes representing the items in the organizations, in addition to developing a QR code reader by making use of the camera in the smart device. Office goods have been chosen in this research project as a data sample. Based on the experiments, the findings have proven that QR code technology is highly useful in the data management process, for storing and retrieving information within smart devices, showing a high response speed and accuracy.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83368641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the extending property of modules is generalized by using weakly supplement submodules. We call a module M is weakly supplement extending if each submodule of M is essential in a weakly supplement submodule of M. Many characterization of weakly supplement extending module are obtained, we show that M is weakly supplement extending if and only if each closed submodule is weakly supplementing submodule of M. Moreover, we study the relation of weakly supplement extending module and among other known classes of the module such as lifting module, weakly supplemented module, supplement extending module and others. Also, we study conditions under it a direct sum of weakly supplement extending module is weakly supplement extending.
{"title":"weakly supplement extending modules","authors":"S. Al-Saadi, Aya Adnan Musa","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v31i2.766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i2.766","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the extending property of modules is generalized by using weakly supplement submodules. We call a module M is weakly supplement extending if each submodule of M is essential in a weakly supplement submodule of M. Many characterization of weakly supplement extending module are obtained, we show that M is weakly supplement extending if and only if each closed submodule is weakly supplementing submodule of M. Moreover, we study the relation of weakly supplement extending module and among other known classes of the module such as lifting module, weakly supplemented module, supplement extending module and others. Also, we study conditions under it a direct sum of weakly supplement extending module is weakly supplement extending.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75158912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a previous couple of decades, serious heatwaves were illustrative of the climate conditions in different pieces of the world. They had unmistakably negative effects on people, plants, creatures, and distinctive monetary segments. Especially in urban areas, where most people are living, their prosperity, productivity and wellbeing were influenced, which even caused a generally high death rate. This is the reason an enormous intrigue still exists to analyze heat waves in the past by utilization of measurable strategies. As an examination on heatwaves isn't accessible for the domain of Baghdad city up to now, a review examination was directed. Its primary points were (1) to decide the recurrence of heatwave scenes for this nation and (2) to analyze their spatiotemporal dissemination, term, and force. Based on Baghdad city, from the Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology and Ministry of Health day by day estimations of most extreme air temperature (Tmax) in summer months (June to August) were utilized to decide heatwave scenes as indicated by the definition prescribed by the IPCC. For all stations, total and dependable Tmax time arrangements were accessible for the period 2004–2018 concerning a few stations. We tried the 95th thresholds percentile. The extra wave impacts were assessed utilizing a one-stage model to guarantee that their belongings were evaluated subsequent to expelling the general impact of temperature.
{"title":"The Effect of The Extremes Heat Waves on Mortality Rates in Baghdad During the Period (2004-2018)","authors":"Zahraa M. Hassan, M. Al-Jiboori, H. Al-Abassi","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v31i2.753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i2.753","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous couple of decades, serious heatwaves were illustrative of the climate conditions in different pieces of the world. They had unmistakably negative effects on people, plants, creatures, and distinctive monetary segments. Especially in urban areas, where most people are living, their prosperity, productivity and wellbeing were influenced, which even caused a generally high death rate. This is the reason an enormous intrigue still exists to analyze heat waves in the past by utilization of measurable strategies. As an examination on heatwaves isn't accessible for the domain of Baghdad city up to now, a review examination was directed. Its primary points were (1) to decide the recurrence of heatwave scenes for this nation and (2) to analyze their spatiotemporal dissemination, term, and force. Based on Baghdad city, from the Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology and Ministry of Health day by day estimations of most extreme air temperature (Tmax) in summer months (June to August) were utilized to decide heatwave scenes as indicated by the definition prescribed by the IPCC. For all stations, total and dependable Tmax time arrangements were accessible for the period 2004–2018 concerning a few stations. We tried the 95th thresholds percentile. The extra wave impacts were assessed utilizing a one-stage model to guarantee that their belongings were evaluated subsequent to expelling the general impact of temperature.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90591032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we present the Generalized Gamma-Exponentiated Weibull distribution as a special case of new generated Generalized Gamma - G family of probability distribution. The cumulative distribution, probability density, reliability and hazard rate functions are introduced. Furthermore, the most vital statistical properties, for instance, the r-th moment, characteristic function, quantile function, simulated data, Shannon and relative entropies besides the stress-strength model are obtained.
{"title":"The Generalized Gamma – Exponentiated Weibull Distribution with its Properties","authors":"S. Abid, N. Al-Noor, M. A. A. Boshi","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v31i2.775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i2.775","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the Generalized Gamma-Exponentiated Weibull distribution as a special case of new generated Generalized Gamma - G family of probability distribution. The cumulative distribution, probability density, reliability and hazard rate functions are introduced. Furthermore, the most vital statistical properties, for instance, the r-th moment, characteristic function, quantile function, simulated data, Shannon and relative entropies besides the stress-strength model are obtained.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75036116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Classification of imbalanced data is an important issue. Many algorithms have been developed for classification, such as Back Propagation (BP) neural networks, decision tree, Bayesian networks etc., and have been used repeatedly in many fields. These algorithms speak of the problem of imbalanced data, where there are situations that belong to more classes than others. Imbalanced data result in poor performance and bias to a class without other classes. In this paper, we proposed three techniques based on the Over-Sampling (O.S.) technique for processing imbalanced dataset and redistributing it and converting it into balanced dataset. These techniques are (Improved Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (Improved SMOTE), Borderline-SMOTE + Imbalanced Ratio(IR), Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) +IR) Algorithm, where the work these techniques are generate the synthetic samples for the minority class to achieve balance between minority and majority classes and then calculate the IR between classes of minority and majority. Experimental results show ImprovedSMOTE algorithm outperform the Borderline-SMOTE + IR and ADASYN + IR algorithms because it achieves a high balance between minority and majority classes.
{"title":"Adaptation Proposed Methods for Handling Imbalanced Datasets based on Over-Sampling Technique","authors":"Liqaa M. Shoohi, J. H. Saud","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v31i2.740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i2.740","url":null,"abstract":"Classification of imbalanced data is an important issue. Many algorithms have been developed for classification, such as Back Propagation (BP) neural networks, decision tree, Bayesian networks etc., and have been used repeatedly in many fields. These algorithms speak of the problem of imbalanced data, where there are situations that belong to more classes than others. Imbalanced data result in poor performance and bias to a class without other classes. In this paper, we proposed three techniques based on the Over-Sampling (O.S.) technique for processing imbalanced dataset and redistributing it and converting it into balanced dataset. These techniques are (Improved Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (Improved SMOTE), Borderline-SMOTE + Imbalanced Ratio(IR), Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) +IR) Algorithm, where the work these techniques are generate the synthetic samples for the minority class to achieve balance between minority and majority classes and then calculate the IR between classes of minority and majority. Experimental results show ImprovedSMOTE algorithm outperform the Borderline-SMOTE + IR and ADASYN + IR algorithms because it achieves a high balance between minority and majority classes.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77698713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were fabricated using Cellulose Nano Rods (CNR) as a new stabilizer material. Synthesized of ZnO-CNR nanocomposites, with a molar ratio of ZnO to CNR (1/2g) were prepared in distilled water. The nanocomposites were distinguished using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and Field Emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) techniques. XRD data were showed, the ZnO nanorods with a hexagonal wurtzite structure such readily scattered inside CNR with an average size 20-40 nm. (FESEM) images showed the homogenous morphology of Zinc oxide rods. The optimum ratio of ZnO-CNR was selected to be the tiny size of the ZnO nanorods that yielded a good stabilizer material and antibacterial activity. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrum of the ZnO-CNR nanocomposites appeared absorption peaks in the ultraviolet region at (350-360 nm) wavelength attributes with the energy gap of (3.41 eV) of ZnO-CNR. The antibacterial activities of samples have been investigated against the Gram-positive ( pneumonia ) and gram-negative ( pseudomonas ). The maximum antibacterial activities against the Gram-positive ( pneumonia ) of ZnO nanorods and of ZnO- cellulose nanorods are 16 mm and 22 mm respectively. The optimum anti-bacterial activities versus the Gram-negative ( pseudomonas ) of zinc oxide nanorods and zinc oxide- cellulose nanorods are 17 mm and 19 mm respectively. The optimum anti-bacterial activities versus the Gram-negative ( pseudomonas ) of zinc oxide nanosheet and of zinc oxide- cellulose nanorods are 17 mm and 22 mm.
{"title":"New stabilizer Cellulose Nano Rods-Zinc Oxide (CNR-ZnO) material for nanocomposite synthesis and anti-bacterial applications","authors":"W. Aziz, R. Hussain, I. A. Ibraheem","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v31i2.694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i2.694","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were fabricated using Cellulose Nano Rods (CNR) as a new stabilizer material. Synthesized of ZnO-CNR nanocomposites, with a molar ratio of ZnO to CNR (1/2g) were prepared in distilled water. The nanocomposites were distinguished using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and Field Emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) techniques. XRD data were showed, the ZnO nanorods with a hexagonal wurtzite structure such readily scattered inside CNR with an average size 20-40 nm. (FESEM) images showed the homogenous morphology of Zinc oxide rods. The optimum ratio of ZnO-CNR was selected to be the tiny size of the ZnO nanorods that yielded a good stabilizer material and antibacterial activity. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrum of the ZnO-CNR nanocomposites appeared absorption peaks in the ultraviolet region at (350-360 nm) wavelength attributes with the energy gap of (3.41 eV) of ZnO-CNR. The antibacterial activities of samples have been investigated against the Gram-positive ( pneumonia ) and gram-negative ( pseudomonas ). The maximum antibacterial activities against the Gram-positive ( pneumonia ) of ZnO nanorods and of ZnO- cellulose nanorods are 16 mm and 22 mm respectively. The optimum anti-bacterial activities versus the Gram-negative ( pseudomonas ) of zinc oxide nanorods and zinc oxide- cellulose nanorods are 17 mm and 19 mm respectively. The optimum anti-bacterial activities versus the Gram-negative ( pseudomonas ) of zinc oxide nanosheet and of zinc oxide- cellulose nanorods are 17 mm and 22 mm.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79359264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A comparative study between Short Life Cut Off Low (SL-COL) extended for one day, and Long Life Cut Off Low (LL-COL) extended for ten days associated with successive rain storms over Iraq on 21 to 30 April, 2018. The study tracking the evolution stages of both COLs in different pressure surfaces at troposphere layer, and found that there are many dynamical processes effect on prolong the life of COL. These processes exchanged their roles between different pressure levels. In both cases the high potential vorticity (PV) anomaly at 315ᵒ K isentropic surface is responsible on the emergence COLs, and the convection processes at lower troposphere and latent heat at upper troposphere are responsible on COLs dissipation. The main reasons of long-life COL can be summaries as a high-pressure system below COL at the surface which preventing the convection process, the formation of Omega block that promoting the COL system and preventing its dissipation rapidly in spite of the intense convection processes due to tropical moist system at the surface.
{"title":"A Comparative Study Between Short Life- Cut off Low and Long Life-Cut off Low Accompanied by Heavy Precipitation Storms Over Iraq: Case Study","authors":"H. AL-Shouhani","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v31i2.755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i2.755","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study between Short Life Cut Off Low (SL-COL) extended for one day, and Long Life Cut Off Low (LL-COL) extended for ten days associated with successive rain storms over Iraq on 21 to 30 April, 2018. The study tracking the evolution stages of both COLs in different pressure surfaces at troposphere layer, and found that there are many dynamical processes effect on prolong the life of COL. These processes exchanged their roles between different pressure levels. In both cases the high potential vorticity (PV) anomaly at 315ᵒ K isentropic surface is responsible on the emergence COLs, and the convection processes at lower troposphere and latent heat at upper troposphere are responsible on COLs dissipation. The main reasons of long-life COL can be summaries as a high-pressure system below COL at the surface which preventing the convection process, the formation of Omega block that promoting the COL system and preventing its dissipation rapidly in spite of the intense convection processes due to tropical moist system at the surface.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80079854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Yahya Al-Abdallah, B. M. Ahmed, Khalid A. Ahmed
The energy losses of ions moving in an electron gas can be studied through the stopping power of the medium. A large number of calculations of the stopping power of ions and electrons in plasmas have been carried out using the random phase approximation (RPA) in the dielectric formalism, for low and high energies. Then we calculated the partial stopping power effective charge (PSPEC) from the energy loss of an incident proton, Ar-ion, and He-ion in target plasma. The Brandt-Kitagawa (BK) model is used to describe the projectile charge fraction (q) and calculate the stopping power and PSPEC, which depends on temperature and electron density ρ (k) of the plasma. This is a topic of relevance to understanding the beam-target interaction in the contexts of particle driven fusion. The presented study is formulated in terms of classical dielectric functions. The programming language Fortran - 90 was used for a required calculation. In the present work, three systems of plasma (Z-pinch, Tokamak, ICF) for different temperatures and densities were covered. Additionally, a comparison has been done with the previous work of plasma.
{"title":"Stopping Power and Partial Stopping Power Effective Charge in The Plasma","authors":"Maryam Yahya Al-Abdallah, B. M. Ahmed, Khalid A. Ahmed","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v31i2.758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i2.758","url":null,"abstract":"The energy losses of ions moving in an electron gas can be studied through the stopping power of the medium. A large number of calculations of the stopping power of ions and electrons in plasmas have been carried out using the random phase approximation (RPA) in the dielectric formalism, for low and high energies. Then we calculated the partial stopping power effective charge (PSPEC) from the energy loss of an incident proton, Ar-ion, and He-ion in target plasma. The Brandt-Kitagawa (BK) model is used to describe the projectile charge fraction (q) and calculate the stopping power and PSPEC, which depends on temperature and electron density ρ (k) of the plasma. This is a topic of relevance to understanding the beam-target interaction in the contexts of particle driven fusion. The presented study is formulated in terms of classical dielectric functions. The programming language Fortran - 90 was used for a required calculation. In the present work, three systems of plasma (Z-pinch, Tokamak, ICF) for different temperatures and densities were covered. Additionally, a comparison has been done with the previous work of plasma.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90160367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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