Forty soil samples were collected from different regions in Baghdad city. Among 52 isolate, only 38 isolates (73.1 %) belong to Bacillus spp. All bacterial isolates have been submitted to the cultural, microscopical, biochemical examination and VITEK 2 System, Bacillus cereus was predominantly found 21 (55.3%) followed by Bacillus subtilis 11 (28.9%), then Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was 6 (15.8%). Bacillus cereus (B1) and Bacillus subtilis (B16) isolates were with the highest level with the antibacterial activity when selected. Extracellular proteins were extracted and purified with ammonium sulfate (80%) saturation, then submitted to Sepharose-6B gel filtration column. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine the molecular weights of proteins, and one band appeared to each of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis with molecular weight 68 and 50 KDa respectively. The results revealed that higher effect of antibacterial activity on Gram positive bacteria, and moderate on Gram negative bacteria except P.aeruginosa with no effect. The antibiofilm effect of the extract found higher effective against S.pyogens, moderate effect against each of (S.aureus, E.coli, S. marcescens, K. spp) and no effect against P.aeruginosa. The results of cytotoxicity showed that the purified extract was a higher cytotoxic effect on breast cancer MCF7 cells at 1000µg/ml concentration, while the crude extract had a higher cytotoxic effect on breast cancer MCF7 cells at 100µg/ml concentration.
{"title":"The Biological Activity of Some Extracted Proteins from Bacillus spp. Isolated from Soil Against Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"H. A. Ibrahim, N. H. Zaki","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v30i4.685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i4.685","url":null,"abstract":"Forty soil samples were collected from different regions in Baghdad city. Among 52 isolate, only 38 isolates (73.1 %) belong to Bacillus spp. All bacterial isolates have been submitted to the cultural, microscopical, biochemical examination and VITEK 2 System, Bacillus cereus was predominantly found 21 (55.3%) followed by Bacillus subtilis 11 (28.9%), then Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was 6 (15.8%). Bacillus cereus (B1) and Bacillus subtilis (B16) isolates were with the highest level with the antibacterial activity when selected. Extracellular proteins were extracted and purified with ammonium sulfate (80%) saturation, then submitted to Sepharose-6B gel filtration column. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine the molecular weights of proteins, and one band appeared to each of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis with molecular weight 68 and 50 KDa respectively. The results revealed that higher effect of antibacterial activity on Gram positive bacteria, and moderate on Gram negative bacteria except P.aeruginosa with no effect. The antibiofilm effect of the extract found higher effective against S.pyogens, moderate effect against each of (S.aureus, E.coli, S. marcescens, K. spp) and no effect against P.aeruginosa. The results of cytotoxicity showed that the purified extract was a higher cytotoxic effect on breast cancer MCF7 cells at 1000µg/ml concentration, while the crude extract had a higher cytotoxic effect on breast cancer MCF7 cells at 100µg/ml concentration.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79641975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a class of modules which are proper strong concept of weakly supplement extending modules will be introduced and studied. We call a module M is strongly weakly supplement extending, if each submodule of M is essential in fully invariant weakly supplement submodule in M. Many characterizations of strongly weakly supplement extending modules are obtained. We show that M is strongly weakly supplement extending module if and only if every closed submodule of M is fully invariant weakly supplement submodule in M. Also we study the relation among this concept and other known concepts of modules. Moreover, we give some conditions that of strongly weakly supplement extending modules is closed under direct sum property is strongly weakly supplement extending.
{"title":"Strongly Weakly Supplement Extending Modules","authors":"Aya Adnan Musa, S. Al-Saadi","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v30i4.682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i4.682","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a class of modules which are proper strong concept of weakly supplement extending modules will be introduced and studied. We call a module M is strongly weakly supplement extending, if each submodule of M is essential in fully invariant weakly supplement submodule in M. Many characterizations of strongly weakly supplement extending modules are obtained. We show that M is strongly weakly supplement extending module if and only if every closed submodule of M is fully invariant weakly supplement submodule in M. Also we study the relation among this concept and other known concepts of modules. Moreover, we give some conditions that of strongly weakly supplement extending modules is closed under direct sum property is strongly weakly supplement extending.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83678705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to introduce new types of supra separation axioms by using supra ω-open sets and supra N-open sets in the supra spaces and illustrate the relation between them, and to introduce new forms of supra continuous functions, supra perfectly continuous functions and supra homeomorphism functions. الخلاصـة الغرض من هذا البحث هو لتقديم انواع جديدة من بديهيات الفصل الفوقية بأستخدام المجموعات المفتوحة-ω الفوقية والمجموعات المفتوحة -N الفوقية في الفضاءات الفوقية وتوضيح العلاقة بينهم, ولتقديم صيغ جديدة من الدوال المستمرة الفوقية, الدوال المستمرة الفوقية التامة والدوال التشاكلية الفوقية.
{"title":"Supra ω-separation axioms","authors":"Nadia Kadum Humadi, H. J. Ali","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v30i4.691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i4.691","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to introduce new types of supra separation axioms by using supra ω-open sets and supra N-open sets in the supra spaces and illustrate the relation between them, and to introduce new forms of supra continuous functions, supra perfectly continuous functions and supra homeomorphism functions. الخلاصـة الغرض من هذا البحث هو لتقديم انواع جديدة من بديهيات الفصل الفوقية بأستخدام المجموعات المفتوحة-ω الفوقية والمجموعات المفتوحة -N الفوقية في الفضاءات الفوقية وتوضيح العلاقة بينهم, ولتقديم صيغ جديدة من الدوال المستمرة الفوقية, الدوال المستمرة الفوقية التامة والدوال التشاكلية الفوقية.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"88-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76196644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we recall the definition of centralizer on inverse semiring. Also introduce the definition of Jordan ideal and Lie ideal. Some results of M.A.Joso Vukman on centralizers on semiprime rings are generalized here to inverse semirings.
{"title":"ON JORDAN IDEAL IN PRIME AND SEMIPRIME INVERSE SEMIRINGS WITH CENTRALIZER","authors":"Rawnaq Khaleel Ibraheem, A. Majeed","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v30i4.710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i4.710","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we recall the definition of centralizer on inverse semiring. Also introduce the definition of Jordan ideal and Lie ideal. Some results of M.A.Joso Vukman on centralizers on semiprime rings are generalized here to inverse semirings.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85764208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work we introduced new types of -light functions namely -light functions, also we introduced -disconnected, and -totally disconnected spaces. Some examples, facts, and theorems have been given to support our work.
{"title":"On mω ̂-light functions","authors":"Nadia Kadum Humadi, H. J. Ali","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v30i4.718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i4.718","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we introduced new types of -light functions namely -light functions, also we introduced -disconnected, and -totally disconnected spaces. Some examples, facts, and theorems have been given to support our work.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"96-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90799920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objectives: Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) is a ubiquitous apicomplexan parasite. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii must invade host cells to survive and replicate. Five cathepsin proteases are encoded in the genome of T . gondii, cathepsin L like protein, cathepsin B like protein, and three cathepsin C like proteins. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among women in Erbil, and to study the role of cathepsin B and cathepsin L genes in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis as well as their role as risk factors for abnormal pregnancy outcome. Methods: This is a cross sectional study was carried out in Erbil from October 2018 to March 2019. A total of 230 women at their reproductive age and who attended Maternity Teaching Hospital and Nazdar Bamarni primary Health Center were enrolled. Anti- toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were detected by cobas 6000. Toxoplasma cathepsin B and cathepsin L – like genes were selected to be targets in PCR. Results: Anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM were seropositive in 105 (45.7%) and 18 (7.8%) women, respectively. Of those women who were seropositive for toxoplasmosis, only 15(6.5%) of them were carrying both anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM. No significant association of toxoplasmosis and educational level, socioeconomic level, age, history of abortion, abnormal baby birth weight were observed. PCR targeting cathepsin L was more sensitive to be used in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Conclusion: Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis is relatively high in Erbil and cathepsin L gene is an efficient target for PCR and could be used as risk factor for abnormal pregnancy outcome.
{"title":"Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis and Role of Cathepsin L-like and Cathepsin B-like Genes as Risk Factors for Abnormal Pregnancy Outcome","authors":"noor meran omer, H. M. Alsakee","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v30i4.720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i4.720","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) is a ubiquitous apicomplexan parasite. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii must invade host cells to survive and replicate. Five cathepsin proteases are encoded in the genome of T . gondii, cathepsin L like protein, cathepsin B like protein, and three cathepsin C like proteins. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among women in Erbil, and to study the role of cathepsin B and cathepsin L genes in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis as well as their role as risk factors for abnormal pregnancy outcome. Methods: This is a cross sectional study was carried out in Erbil from October 2018 to March 2019. A total of 230 women at their reproductive age and who attended Maternity Teaching Hospital and Nazdar Bamarni primary Health Center were enrolled. Anti- toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were detected by cobas 6000. Toxoplasma cathepsin B and cathepsin L – like genes were selected to be targets in PCR. Results: Anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM were seropositive in 105 (45.7%) and 18 (7.8%) women, respectively. Of those women who were seropositive for toxoplasmosis, only 15(6.5%) of them were carrying both anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM. No significant association of toxoplasmosis and educational level, socioeconomic level, age, history of abortion, abnormal baby birth weight were observed. PCR targeting cathepsin L was more sensitive to be used in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Conclusion: Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis is relatively high in Erbil and cathepsin L gene is an efficient target for PCR and could be used as risk factor for abnormal pregnancy outcome.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83324972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Resistance to broad‑spectrum beta‑lactams, mediated by extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases, and metallo‑beta‑lactamase enzymes, is an increasing problem worldwide. The main aim is to study phenotypic characterization of extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases and metallo‑beta‑lactamase multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Erbil City. Materials and Methods: A total of 112 Acinetobacter baumannii isolations were collected from patients of all age groups from clinical specimens sputum, blood, pus, wound swab, urine and body fluids (Pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid) collected from different medical wards and intensive care unit departments of hospitals in Erbil City for a period of one year from march 2018--march 2019. Isolates were tested for the presence of extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases and metallo‑beta‑lactamase. Detection of extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases was done by the combined disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, while metallo‑beta‑lactamase was detected by meropenem and imipenem combined with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disk method. Results: 25% (28) Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were positive for extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases, while 100 % (112) were metallo‑beta‑lactamase producers. Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii is becoming a global medical challenge due to the emergence of multi-drug resistance. Newer beta lactamase is a matter of concern as they are developing rapidly and lead to treatment failure. Carbapenems are known to be effective therapeutic agents for Acinetobacter baumannii infections and its resistance limits the use to polymyxins and colistin. Several new medicines are still in research and combination of drug therapy is being currently used in the hospitals together with ours to treat multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections.
{"title":"Phenotypic Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase of Multi Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Causing Nosocomial Infections in Erbil City","authors":"S. Smail, Kamal I. Al-Otrachi","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v30i4.671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i4.671","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Resistance to broad‑spectrum beta‑lactams, mediated by extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases, and metallo‑beta‑lactamase enzymes, is an increasing problem worldwide. The main aim is to study phenotypic characterization of extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases and metallo‑beta‑lactamase multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Erbil City. Materials and Methods: A total of 112 Acinetobacter baumannii isolations were collected from patients of all age groups from clinical specimens sputum, blood, pus, wound swab, urine and body fluids (Pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid) collected from different medical wards and intensive care unit departments of hospitals in Erbil City for a period of one year from march 2018--march 2019. Isolates were tested for the presence of extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases and metallo‑beta‑lactamase. Detection of extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases was done by the combined disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, while metallo‑beta‑lactamase was detected by meropenem and imipenem combined with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disk method. Results: 25% (28) Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were positive for extended‑spectrum beta‑lactamases, while 100 % (112) were metallo‑beta‑lactamase producers. Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii is becoming a global medical challenge due to the emergence of multi-drug resistance. Newer beta lactamase is a matter of concern as they are developing rapidly and lead to treatment failure. Carbapenems are known to be effective therapeutic agents for Acinetobacter baumannii infections and its resistance limits the use to polymyxins and colistin. Several new medicines are still in research and combination of drug therapy is being currently used in the hospitals together with ours to treat multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83515724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Study the statistical distribution for rainfall is important to know the behaviour of the rainfall series and to know the most frequently rainfall amount in each month. Five statistical distribution were applied on Sulaimani, Erbil and Duhok rainfall series for the period (1941-2017) except Duhok (1944-2017). These distributions were Gamma(3P), Weibul(3P), Earlang (3P), Normal and General extreme value. Kolmogrove-Semirnov, Anderson-Darling and Chi-Square goodness of fit test were used to know the best fit distribution from these five distributions.
{"title":"Statistical Distribution of Rainfall in Kurdistan-Iraq Region","authors":"M. Fawzee, S. Salh, Slahaddin A. Ahmed","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v30i4.662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i4.662","url":null,"abstract":"Study the statistical distribution for rainfall is important to know the behaviour of the rainfall series and to know the most frequently rainfall amount in each month. Five statistical distribution were applied on Sulaimani, Erbil and Duhok rainfall series for the period (1941-2017) except Duhok (1944-2017). These distributions were Gamma(3P), Weibul(3P), Earlang (3P), Normal and General extreme value. Kolmogrove-Semirnov, Anderson-Darling and Chi-Square goodness of fit test were used to know the best fit distribution from these five distributions.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":"177 1","pages":"18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76724650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This investigation has been conducted to study the manifestations of climate change in Baghdad area. The climate in Baghdad is recognized as hottest in late June , all July and early August The average surface temperatures of the , asphalt depicted warmest surface temperatures, followed by the pavers, concrete, grass and Air. These were were 64.1, 62.0 , 57.8, 49.7 and 49 C°respectively.. The vegetation is the lowest temperatures of all materials. The comparison between air temperature and other materials. asphalt , pavers, and concrete were highly significant at the 0.01 level, The harsh climate ( climate change ) has effected the common plant that grow in Baghdad such as Bitter orange ( Citrus aurantium ) , the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera.) , Chinese thuja shrub ( Platycladus orientalis) and also has effected land . Iraq climate was affected by global climatic change.
{"title":"MANIFESTATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN BAGHDAD AREA","authors":"H. J. Abdulla","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v30i4.657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i4.657","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation has been conducted to study the manifestations of climate change in Baghdad area. The climate in Baghdad is recognized as hottest in late June , all July and early August The average surface temperatures of the , asphalt depicted warmest surface temperatures, followed by the pavers, concrete, grass and Air. These were were 64.1, 62.0 , 57.8, 49.7 and 49 C°respectively.. The vegetation is the lowest temperatures of all materials. The comparison between air temperature and other materials. asphalt , pavers, and concrete were highly significant at the 0.01 level, The harsh climate ( climate change ) has effected the common plant that grow in Baghdad such as Bitter orange ( Citrus aurantium ) , the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera.) , Chinese thuja shrub ( Platycladus orientalis) and also has effected land . Iraq climate was affected by global climatic change.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"39-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78806271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah َQahtan Mohammed Salih, P. S. Sulaiman, Abdul Sattar Arif Khammas, R. Mahmod, R. Rahmat
The rapid growth of computer graphics in human daily life has inspired researchers to maximize image understanding and discover new methods for visualizing 3D objects. However, the image quality is constrained by the depth cue limitations of 3D objects produced by 3D displays. The advent of the holographic hologram pyramid display offers better image quality due to its ability to visualize 3D data with satisfactory depth. In this paper, we present a new visualization method named the “opacity influenced inconstant method” that exploits the custom surface rendering technique to enhance understanding of massive 3D objects for a hologram pyramid display. An algorithm is developed by adding an opacity variable and manipulating the intensity and position of the other variables to enhance the depth cues of a 3D object. The opacity value has the ability to show the inner structure of an object to be visualized if it is available. Our results show significant enhancement on the depth cues of the 3D object that presents as a hologram floating inside a transparent pyramid. The results of a survey conducted on computer graphics students shows that the quality of the hologram was preferred when it was compared to the previous method. In addition, the depth cues of the 3D object were reported to be enhanced by the opacity influenced inconstant method when compared to the previous study and standard shading.
{"title":"OPACITY INFLUENCED INCONSTANT METHOD FOR 3D HOLOGRAPHIC PYRAMID RENDERING","authors":"Sarah َQahtan Mohammed Salih, P. S. Sulaiman, Abdul Sattar Arif Khammas, R. Mahmod, R. Rahmat","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v30i4.597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i4.597","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of computer graphics in human daily life has inspired researchers to maximize image understanding and discover new methods for visualizing 3D objects. However, the image quality is constrained by the depth cue limitations of 3D objects produced by 3D displays. The advent of the holographic hologram pyramid display offers better image quality due to its ability to visualize 3D data with satisfactory depth. In this paper, we present a new visualization method named the “opacity influenced inconstant method” that exploits the custom surface rendering technique to enhance understanding of massive 3D objects for a hologram pyramid display. An algorithm is developed by adding an opacity variable and manipulating the intensity and position of the other variables to enhance the depth cues of a 3D object. The opacity value has the ability to show the inner structure of an object to be visualized if it is available. Our results show significant enhancement on the depth cues of the 3D object that presents as a hologram floating inside a transparent pyramid. The results of a survey conducted on computer graphics students shows that the quality of the hologram was preferred when it was compared to the previous method. In addition, the depth cues of the 3D object were reported to be enhanced by the opacity influenced inconstant method when compared to the previous study and standard shading.","PeriodicalId":7515,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"57-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83616051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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