M. Fioranelli, H. Ahmad, M. Roccia, A. Beesham, Z. Shah
We propose a theoretical model which helps us to use entangled graphene sheets for inducing T-cells around tumor cells. The direction of the free spinors on a graphene sheet should be in the opposite direction to the direction of the free spinors on the other graphene sheet in an entangled system. Consequently, any change in one sheet could be understood by spinors in the other sheet. One of these graphene sheets plays the role of antenna within the human body, and the other one acts as the sender exterior to it. With time and the motion of the total wave, the graphene sheet divides into smaller components with lower energy on some circles, and the centre of such a circle is the sender. Thus, to provide the required energy for activation of the interior graphene sheet, we add more sheets or increase the external potential exterior to the body. According to the Warburg proposal, radiated spinors from normal cells and cancer cells are different, and these differences could be seen by free spinors on the exterior of the graphene sheets. When the existence of a tumor is diagnosed, some T-cells could be close to the exterior graphene sheets. Free spinors on these sheets change, take the shape of T-cells and transmit information to the interior sheet. Spinors on this sheet produce virtual T-cells which deceive the tumor cells and produce virtual PD1/PD-L1 connections with them. Consequently, tumor cells cannot introduce death toxins into real T-cells, and these cells have the opportunity to destroy them.
{"title":"A mathematical model for inducing T-cells around tumor cells by using exchanged waves between graphene sheets interior and exterior of body","authors":"M. Fioranelli, H. Ahmad, M. Roccia, A. Beesham, Z. Shah","doi":"10.3934/biophy.2022030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2022030","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a theoretical model which helps us to use entangled graphene sheets for inducing T-cells around tumor cells. The direction of the free spinors on a graphene sheet should be in the opposite direction to the direction of the free spinors on the other graphene sheet in an entangled system. Consequently, any change in one sheet could be understood by spinors in the other sheet. One of these graphene sheets plays the role of antenna within the human body, and the other one acts as the sender exterior to it. With time and the motion of the total wave, the graphene sheet divides into smaller components with lower energy on some circles, and the centre of such a circle is the sender. Thus, to provide the required energy for activation of the interior graphene sheet, we add more sheets or increase the external potential exterior to the body. According to the Warburg proposal, radiated spinors from normal cells and cancer cells are different, and these differences could be seen by free spinors on the exterior of the graphene sheets. When the existence of a tumor is diagnosed, some T-cells could be close to the exterior graphene sheets. Free spinors on these sheets change, take the shape of T-cells and transmit information to the interior sheet. Spinors on this sheet produce virtual T-cells which deceive the tumor cells and produce virtual PD1/PD-L1 connections with them. Consequently, tumor cells cannot introduce death toxins into real T-cells, and these cells have the opportunity to destroy them.","PeriodicalId":7529,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70185664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mucormycosis infection may develop after using steroids treatment to improve the severely of the symptoms in coronavirus patients. The rising in the infection rate of mucormycosis has been noticed in patients after COVID-19 infection. To understand the high morbidity mucormycosis coinfection, the cell surface Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (CS-GRP78) was docked to the virus ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 RBD to create the ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-GRP78 complex which facilitates the virus entrance into the cell. The spore coat protein homolog 3 (CotH3) of mucormycosis was modeled and docked to the ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-GRP78 complex. The binding energies of CotH3 with RBD, ACE2, and GRP78 were calculated. The binding results show that GRP78 substrate-binding domain β weakly binds to the spike RBD combined with ACE2 of the spike RBD-ACE2 complex. Its main function is to stabilize the binding between RBD and ACE2, while CotH3 has a strong affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, but not for ACE2 or GRP78. The CotH3 appeared to have the same affinity to RBD in the SARS-CoV-2 lineages with some preference to the lineage B.1.617.2 (Delta variant). The complex design illustrates that the coat protein of the fungi is more likely linked to the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which would explain the increased mortality mucormycosis coinfections in COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"Looking into mucormycosis coinfections in COVID-19 patients using computational analysis","authors":"I. Khater, A-E. F. Nassar","doi":"10.3934/biophy.2022007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2022007","url":null,"abstract":"Mucormycosis infection may develop after using steroids treatment to improve the severely of the symptoms in coronavirus patients. The rising in the infection rate of mucormycosis has been noticed in patients after COVID-19 infection. To understand the high morbidity mucormycosis coinfection, the cell surface Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (CS-GRP78) was docked to the virus ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 RBD to create the ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-GRP78 complex which facilitates the virus entrance into the cell. The spore coat protein homolog 3 (CotH3) of mucormycosis was modeled and docked to the ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-GRP78 complex. The binding energies of CotH3 with RBD, ACE2, and GRP78 were calculated. The binding results show that GRP78 substrate-binding domain β weakly binds to the spike RBD combined with ACE2 of the spike RBD-ACE2 complex. Its main function is to stabilize the binding between RBD and ACE2, while CotH3 has a strong affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, but not for ACE2 or GRP78. The CotH3 appeared to have the same affinity to RBD in the SARS-CoV-2 lineages with some preference to the lineage B.1.617.2 (Delta variant). The complex design illustrates that the coat protein of the fungi is more likely linked to the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which would explain the increased mortality mucormycosis coinfections in COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":7529,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70184941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Ta, Cynthia Romero-Guido, Thi Hanh Phan, H. D. Tran, H. T. Dinh, Y. Waché
Yeast are a powerful material for the encapsulation of compounds. Usually, yeast used as capsules are inactivated by the encapsulation treatment, which is stressful to cells. However, if kept active, cells can bring their own activity in addition to the encapsulated compound. We have observed previously that lipid-grown Yarrowia lipolytica were more resistant to encapsulation. The objective of the present study was to identify physiological markers involved in this resistance. Cells were cultured in the presence of glucose or methyl-oleate as the sole carbon source and submitted to a γ-dodecalactone stress. This paper focuses on the role of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) and of the ergosteryl content to protect cells during the lactone treatment. Lipid-grown cells were more resistant to lactone and the presence of LDs before the shock increased significantly the resistance. The ergosteryl esters from the LD pool were hydrolysed to release ergosterol able to strenghten the plasma membrane during the shock. For cells devoid of LDs, membrane ergosterols were esterified concomitantly with LDs growth, resulting in a membrane weakening. By using pox3-mutant strains, which possesse numerous and small-sized LDs, we observed the original behaviour: these mutants showed no increased resistance and their LDs exploded in the cytoplasma during the shock. These results point out the role of LDs in cell resistance to amphiphilic stresses as a storage compartment as well as in ergosterol homeostasis.
{"title":"Encapsulation of flavours into Yarrowia lipolytica active yeast cells. Fluorescence study of the lipid droplets morphology and steryl/sterol balance during the shock","authors":"T. Ta, Cynthia Romero-Guido, Thi Hanh Phan, H. D. Tran, H. T. Dinh, Y. Waché","doi":"10.3934/biophy.2022022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2022022","url":null,"abstract":"Yeast are a powerful material for the encapsulation of compounds. Usually, yeast used as capsules are inactivated by the encapsulation treatment, which is stressful to cells. However, if kept active, cells can bring their own activity in addition to the encapsulated compound. We have observed previously that lipid-grown Yarrowia lipolytica were more resistant to encapsulation. The objective of the present study was to identify physiological markers involved in this resistance. Cells were cultured in the presence of glucose or methyl-oleate as the sole carbon source and submitted to a γ-dodecalactone stress. This paper focuses on the role of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) and of the ergosteryl content to protect cells during the lactone treatment. Lipid-grown cells were more resistant to lactone and the presence of LDs before the shock increased significantly the resistance. The ergosteryl esters from the LD pool were hydrolysed to release ergosterol able to strenghten the plasma membrane during the shock. For cells devoid of LDs, membrane ergosterols were esterified concomitantly with LDs growth, resulting in a membrane weakening. By using pox3-mutant strains, which possesse numerous and small-sized LDs, we observed the original behaviour: these mutants showed no increased resistance and their LDs exploded in the cytoplasma during the shock. These results point out the role of LDs in cell resistance to amphiphilic stresses as a storage compartment as well as in ergosterol homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":7529,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70185540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panisak Boonamnaj, P. Sompornpisut, P. Nimmanpipug, R. B. Pandey
Thermal response of an envelope protein conformation from coronavirus-2 (CoVE) is studied by a coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation. Three distinct segments, the N-terminal, Trans-membrane, and C-terminal are verified from its specific contact profile. The radius of gyration (Rg) reveals a non-monotonic sub-universal thermal response: Rg decays substantially on heating in native phase under low-temperature regime in contrast to a continuous increase on further raising the temperature prior to its saturation to a random-coil in denature phase. The globularity index which is a measure of effective dimension of the protein, decreases as the protein denatures from a globular to a random-coil conformation.
{"title":"Thermal denaturation of a coronavirus envelope (CoVE) protein by a coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"Panisak Boonamnaj, P. Sompornpisut, P. Nimmanpipug, R. B. Pandey","doi":"10.3934/biophy.2022027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2022027","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal response of an envelope protein conformation from coronavirus-2 (CoVE) is studied by a coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation. Three distinct segments, the N-terminal, Trans-membrane, and C-terminal are verified from its specific contact profile. The radius of gyration (Rg) reveals a non-monotonic sub-universal thermal response: Rg decays substantially on heating in native phase under low-temperature regime in contrast to a continuous increase on further raising the temperature prior to its saturation to a random-coil in denature phase. The globularity index which is a measure of effective dimension of the protein, decreases as the protein denatures from a globular to a random-coil conformation.","PeriodicalId":7529,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70185611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Silveira, D. Marinho, C. Santos, T. Barbosa, E. Coelho, J. Morais, Pedro Forte
Wheelchair racing is one of the most important sports in the Paralympics. The detailed analysis of all parameters is of great importance to achieve sporting excellence in this modality. In wheelchair racing, resistive and propulsive forces determine the movement of the athlete-wheelchair system. Most of propulsive forces are generated by the strength of individuals. As a result, strength levels play an important role in propelling the athlete-wheelchair system. Thus, the main objective of this study is to provide a set of methodologies to assess propulsive and resistive forces. The manuscript presents different methods and procedures, based on previous studies, that can be used for wheelchair racing athletes. Resistive forces in wheelchair racing can be evaluated by analytical procedures, experimental tests, and numerical simulations. Moreover, the strength of athletes' upper limbs to generate propulsion in wheelchair races can be assessed by dynamometry, one-repetition maximum, and medicine ball throw test. It may be that the tests presented may be useful to predict the strength and endurance of athletes' upper limbs. However, this competitive sport still presents a considerable gap in the Paralympics research. Currently, in Paralympic sport, evidence-based methodologies are lacking, making it an issue for athletes, coaches and researchers to support their work on scientific evidences.
{"title":"Resistive and propulsive forces in wheelchair racing: a brief review","authors":"R. Silveira, D. Marinho, C. Santos, T. Barbosa, E. Coelho, J. Morais, Pedro Forte","doi":"10.3934/biophy.2022004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2022004","url":null,"abstract":"Wheelchair racing is one of the most important sports in the Paralympics. The detailed analysis of all parameters is of great importance to achieve sporting excellence in this modality. In wheelchair racing, resistive and propulsive forces determine the movement of the athlete-wheelchair system. Most of propulsive forces are generated by the strength of individuals. As a result, strength levels play an important role in propelling the athlete-wheelchair system. Thus, the main objective of this study is to provide a set of methodologies to assess propulsive and resistive forces. The manuscript presents different methods and procedures, based on previous studies, that can be used for wheelchair racing athletes. Resistive forces in wheelchair racing can be evaluated by analytical procedures, experimental tests, and numerical simulations. Moreover, the strength of athletes' upper limbs to generate propulsion in wheelchair races can be assessed by dynamometry, one-repetition maximum, and medicine ball throw test. It may be that the tests presented may be useful to predict the strength and endurance of athletes' upper limbs. However, this competitive sport still presents a considerable gap in the Paralympics research. Currently, in Paralympic sport, evidence-based methodologies are lacking, making it an issue for athletes, coaches and researchers to support their work on scientific evidences.","PeriodicalId":7529,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70184817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the generalized version of Newton's Shell Theorem the electric field energy density, uF around two separated surface-charged spheres surrounded by electrolyte is calculated. According to the calculations when the surfaces of the charged spheres are farther from each other than four times of the Debye length the field energy density around one of the charged sphere is basically independent from the presence of the other sphere. In this case at low electrolyte ion concentration uF = 0 within the spheres and outside the sphere uF decreases with increasing distance from the surface of the sphere, while at high electrolyte ion concentration uF fast decreases with increasing inner and outer distance from the surface of the sphere. When the charged sheres are close to each other their electric interaction affects the field energy density especially where the surfaces of the spheres are close to each other. Also to model electrophoresis analytical equations are derived for the interaction energy between and the density of electric field energy around a charged flat surface and a charged sphere surrounded by neutral electrolyte.
{"title":"Density of electric field energy around two surface-charged spheres surrounded by electrolyte I. The spheres are separated from each other","authors":"I. Sugár","doi":"10.3934/biophy.2022008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2022008","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>Based on the generalized version of Newton's Shell Theorem the electric field energy density, <italic>u<sub>F</sub></italic> around two separated surface-charged spheres surrounded by electrolyte is calculated. According to the calculations when the surfaces of the charged spheres are farther from each other than four times of the Debye length the field energy density around one of the charged sphere is basically independent from the presence of the other sphere. In this case at low electrolyte ion concentration <italic>u<sub>F</sub></italic> = 0 within the spheres and outside the sphere <italic>u<sub>F</sub></italic> decreases with increasing distance from the surface of the sphere, while at high electrolyte ion concentration <italic>u<sub>F</sub></italic> fast decreases with increasing inner and outer distance from the surface of the sphere. When the charged sheres are close to each other their electric interaction affects the field energy density especially where the surfaces of the spheres are close to each other. Also to model electrophoresis analytical equations are derived for the interaction energy between and the density of electric field energy around a charged flat surface and a charged sphere surrounded by neutral electrolyte.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":7529,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70184949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research dedicated to trace rotational motion of bubbles in saline water revealed that these may generate either single cationic or cationic/anionic motions, including spliced double helix flow. In all cases, the aggregated ionic flows propagate in spiraling as well as rotational manner. However, if bi-ionic or double helix motion is generated, the flow is oppositely directed and has opposite electric charges. Next, the assembled flow is forced to pirouette within the bubble vortex. During that processing the narrowing of spiraling flow takes place and result in increase of revolutions to even millions per second. As a result, a significant friction is induced between revolving ionic hydrates allowing continuous detachment of electrons from covalent atomic shells of electropositive elements. Then, free electrons may be attracted by electronegative elements that are dissolved in seawater. Afterwards, that negatively charged elements may undergo electrical condensation around cationic centers of revolutions. That explain a unique mechanism which operates when negatively charged phosphate compounds and pentagonal blocks found in RNA and DNA as ribose as well as pentagonal rings in nitrogenous bases A and G are being winded. The compensative anionic flow and revolutions may conduct winding of hexagonal blocks found in nitrogenous bases A, G and C, T or U. These assume to gather more positive charge needed to bridge negatively charged sugar molecules in nucleic acids. Thus, the continuity in generation of electronegative compounds and spiral manner of arranging them within the sub-bubble vortices should be regarded as a mechanism responsible for precise, rotational-electric polymerization of elongated macromolecules of RNA/DNA architecture. Reported research refers mainly to physical processes activated by rising bubbles thus should be confronted with other experimental methods used in genetics, microbiology and chemistry.
{"title":"Bubble mediated polymerization of RNA and DNA","authors":"R. Marks","doi":"10.3934/biophy.2022009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2022009","url":null,"abstract":"Research dedicated to trace rotational motion of bubbles in saline water revealed that these may generate either single cationic or cationic/anionic motions, including spliced double helix flow. In all cases, the aggregated ionic flows propagate in spiraling as well as rotational manner. However, if bi-ionic or double helix motion is generated, the flow is oppositely directed and has opposite electric charges. Next, the assembled flow is forced to pirouette within the bubble vortex. During that processing the narrowing of spiraling flow takes place and result in increase of revolutions to even millions per second. As a result, a significant friction is induced between revolving ionic hydrates allowing continuous detachment of electrons from covalent atomic shells of electropositive elements. Then, free electrons may be attracted by electronegative elements that are dissolved in seawater. Afterwards, that negatively charged elements may undergo electrical condensation around cationic centers of revolutions. That explain a unique mechanism which operates when negatively charged phosphate compounds and pentagonal blocks found in RNA and DNA as ribose as well as pentagonal rings in nitrogenous bases A and G are being winded. The compensative anionic flow and revolutions may conduct winding of hexagonal blocks found in nitrogenous bases A, G and C, T or U. These assume to gather more positive charge needed to bridge negatively charged sugar molecules in nucleic acids. Thus, the continuity in generation of electronegative compounds and spiral manner of arranging them within the sub-bubble vortices should be regarded as a mechanism responsible for precise, rotational-electric polymerization of elongated macromolecules of RNA/DNA architecture. Reported research refers mainly to physical processes activated by rising bubbles thus should be confronted with other experimental methods used in genetics, microbiology and chemistry.","PeriodicalId":7529,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70184954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reham Ebrahim, Aya Abdelrazek, H. El-Shora, A. El-bediwi
Some seeds are a major source of vitamins and minerals and contain primary and natural antioxidants, making them useful as medical resources to treat infectious diseases in poor and developing countries. This research aimed to study and analyze the effects of ultraviolet A radiation on the molecular structure, chemical composition and photochemical compounds of Salvia hispanica L. seeds (chia seeds). The results show that ultraviolet A radiation significantly affected the arrangement, size, interconnection and orientation of the Salvia hispanica seed molecules. Also, significant changes in the carbohydrate, protein and fat contents were observed, with little variation in the total fibers comprising the Salvia hispanica L. (chia seeds), after exposure to ultraviolet A radiation for different times at dissimilar distances. The phenolic content and flavonoid content in the Salvia hispanica L. seeds varied after exposure to ultraviolet A radiation for 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours at 5-cm and 20-cm distances from the ultraviolet source.
{"title":"Effect of ultraviolet radiation on molecular structure and photochemical compounds of Salvia hispanica medical seeds","authors":"Reham Ebrahim, Aya Abdelrazek, H. El-Shora, A. El-bediwi","doi":"10.3934/biophy.2022015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2022015","url":null,"abstract":"Some seeds are a major source of vitamins and minerals and contain primary and natural antioxidants, making them useful as medical resources to treat infectious diseases in poor and developing countries. This research aimed to study and analyze the effects of ultraviolet A radiation on the molecular structure, chemical composition and photochemical compounds of Salvia hispanica L. seeds (chia seeds). The results show that ultraviolet A radiation significantly affected the arrangement, size, interconnection and orientation of the Salvia hispanica seed molecules. Also, significant changes in the carbohydrate, protein and fat contents were observed, with little variation in the total fibers comprising the Salvia hispanica L. (chia seeds), after exposure to ultraviolet A radiation for different times at dissimilar distances. The phenolic content and flavonoid content in the Salvia hispanica L. seeds varied after exposure to ultraviolet A radiation for 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours at 5-cm and 20-cm distances from the ultraviolet source.","PeriodicalId":7529,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70185338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of ionizing radiation in biomolecules, cells and tissue/organs: basic mechanisms and applications for cancer therapy, medical imaging and radiation protection","authors":"F. Ballarini, M. Carante, A. Embriaco, R. Ramos","doi":"10.3934/biophy.2022010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2022010","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"fr\" />","PeriodicalId":7529,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70184963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Fedoreyeva, Tatiana A. Dilovarova, B. Vanyushin, I. Chaban, N. Kononenko
DNA methylation is involved in the protection of the genome, the regulation of gene expression, splicing, and is associated with a serious reprogramming of plant development. Using fluorescence microscopy, it was shown that the MKASAA peptide penetrates through the root system of Nicotiana tabacum tobacco, mainly into the cap, meristem, and elongation zones. In the cell, the peptide is localized mainly on the nuclei. In tobacco seedlings grown in the presence of the peptide at a concentration of 10–7 M, an increase in the expression of DNA methyltransferases, especially DRM2, which methylates previously unmethylated DNA sites, is observed. In the presence of the peptide in the roots and leaves of tobacco, the level of global DNA methylation increases. An increase in DNA methylation occurs via the RdDM pathway. Presumably, the peptide binds to siRNAs, forming giant particles that remodulate chromatin and facilitate the entry of DNA methyltransferases. An increase in the level of DNA methylation is accompanied by silencing of the genes of the GRF, KNOX, and EXP families. Suppression of gene expression of these families is accompanied by significant morphological changes in tobacco seedlings. Thus, the short exogenous MKASAA peptide is involved in global morphological and genetic changes in tobacco seedlings.
{"title":"Regulation of gene expression in Nicotiana tabacum seedlings by the MKASAA peptide through DNA methylation via the RdDM pathway","authors":"L. Fedoreyeva, Tatiana A. Dilovarova, B. Vanyushin, I. Chaban, N. Kononenko","doi":"10.3934/biophy.2022011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2022011","url":null,"abstract":"DNA methylation is involved in the protection of the genome, the regulation of gene expression, splicing, and is associated with a serious reprogramming of plant development. Using fluorescence microscopy, it was shown that the MKASAA peptide penetrates through the root system of Nicotiana tabacum tobacco, mainly into the cap, meristem, and elongation zones. In the cell, the peptide is localized mainly on the nuclei. In tobacco seedlings grown in the presence of the peptide at a concentration of 10–7 M, an increase in the expression of DNA methyltransferases, especially DRM2, which methylates previously unmethylated DNA sites, is observed. In the presence of the peptide in the roots and leaves of tobacco, the level of global DNA methylation increases. An increase in DNA methylation occurs via the RdDM pathway. Presumably, the peptide binds to siRNAs, forming giant particles that remodulate chromatin and facilitate the entry of DNA methyltransferases. An increase in the level of DNA methylation is accompanied by silencing of the genes of the GRF, KNOX, and EXP families. Suppression of gene expression of these families is accompanied by significant morphological changes in tobacco seedlings. Thus, the short exogenous MKASAA peptide is involved in global morphological and genetic changes in tobacco seedlings.","PeriodicalId":7529,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70185024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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